2₂₁ polytope

• E. L. Elte named it V₂₇ (for its 27 vertices) in his 1912 listing of semiregular polytopes.[3]
• Icosihepta-heptacontidi-peton - 27-72 facetted polypeton (acronym jak) (Jonathan Bowers)[4]

The 27 vertices can be expressed in 8-space as an edge-figure of the 4₂₁ polytope:

(-2, 0, 0, 0,-2, 0, 0, 0), 
( 0,-2, 0, 0,-2, 0, 0, 0), 
( 0, 0,-2, 0,-2, 0, 0, 0), 
( 0, 0, 0,-2,-2, 0, 0, 0), 
( 0, 0, 0, 0,-2, 0, 0,-2), 
( 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,-2,-2, 0)

( 2, 0, 0, 0,-2, 0, 0, 0), 
( 0, 2, 0, 0,-2, 0, 0, 0), 
( 0, 0, 2, 0,-2, 0, 0, 0), 
( 0, 0, 0, 2,-2, 0, 0, 0), 
( 0, 0, 0, 0,-2, 0, 0, 2)

(-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1),
(-1,-1,-1, 1,-1,-1,-1, 1), 
(-1,-1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 1), 
(-1,-1, 1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1), 
(-1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 1), 
(-1, 1,-1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1), 
(-1, 1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1), 
( 1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 1), 
( 1,-1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1), 
( 1,-1,-1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1), 
( 1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1), 
(-1, 1, 1, 1,-1,-1,-1, 1),
( 1,-1, 1, 1,-1,-1,-1, 1),
( 1, 1,-1, 1,-1,-1,-1, 1),
( 1, 1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1, 1),
( 1, 1, 1, 1,-1,-1,-1,-1)

Its construction is based on the E₆ group.

The facet information can be extracted from its Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, .

Removing the node on the short branch leaves the 5-simplex, .

Removing the node on the end of the 2-length branch leaves the 5-orthoplex in its alternated form: (2₁₁), .

Every simplex facet touches a 5-orthoplex facet, while alternate facets of the orthoplex touch either a simplex or another orthoplex.

The vertex figure is determined by removing the ringed node and ringing the neighboring node. This makes 5-demicube (1₂₁ polytope), . The edge-figure is the vertex figure of the vertex figure, a rectified 5-cell, (0₂₁ polytope), .

Seen in a configuration matrix, the element counts can be derived from the Coxeter group orders.[5]

E6		k-face	fk	f0	f1	f2	f3	f4		f5		k-figure	notes
D5		( )	f0	27	16	80	160	80	40	16	10	h{4,3,3,3}	E6/D5 = 51840/1920 = 27
A4A1		{ }	f1	2	216	10	30	20	10	5	5	r{3,3,3}	E6/A4A1 = 51840/120/2 = 216
A2A2A1		{3}	f2	3	3	720	6	6	3	2	3	{3}x{ }	E6/A2A2A1 = 51840/6/6/2 = 720
A3A1		{3,3}	f3	4	6	4	1080	2	1	1	2	{ }v( )	E6/A3A1 = 51840/24/2 = 1080
A4		{3,3,3}	f4	5	10	10	5	432	*	1	1	{ }	E6/A4 = 51840/120 = 432
A4A1				5	10	10	5	*	216	0	2		E6/A4A1 = 51840/120/2 = 216
A5		{3,3,3,3}	f5	6	15	20	15	6	0	72	*	( )	E6/A5 = 51840/720 = 72
D5		{3,3,3,4}		10	40	80	80	16	16	*	27		E6/D5 = 51840/1920 = 27

Vertices are colored by their multiplicity in this projection, in progressive order: red, orange, yellow. The number of vertices by color are given in parentheses.

Coxeter plane orthographic projections

E6 [12]	D5 [8]	D4 / A2 [6]	B6 [12/2]
(1,3)	(1,3)	(3,9)	(1,3)
A5 [6]	A4 [5]	A3 / D3 [4]
(1,3)	(1,2)	(1,4,7)

The 2₂₁ is related to the 24-cell by a geometric folding of the E6/F4 Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams. This can be seen in the Coxeter plane projections. The 24 vertices of the 24-cell are projected in the same two rings as seen in the 2₂₁.

E6	F4
221	24-cell

This polytope can tessellate Euclidean 6-space, forming the 2₂₂ honeycomb with this Coxeter-Dynkin diagram: .

The regular complex polygon ₃{3}₃{3}₃, , in ${\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{2}}$ has a real representation as the 2₂₁ polytope, , in 4-dimensional space. It is called a Hessian polyhedron after Edmund Hess. It has 27 vertices, 72 3-edges, and 27 3{3}3 faces. Its complex reflection group is ₃[3]₃[3]₃, order 648.

The 2₂₁ is fourth in a dimensional series of semiregular polytopes. Each progressive uniform polytope is constructed vertex figure of the previous polytope. Thorold Gosset identified this series in 1900 as containing all regular polytope facets, containing all simplexes and orthoplexes.

k21 figures in n dimensions
Space	Finite						Euclidean	Hyperbolic
En	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Coxeter group	E3=A2A1	E4=A4	E5=D5	E6	E7	E8	E9 = ${\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{8}}$ = E8+	E10 = ${\displaystyle {\bar {T}}_{8}}$ = E8++
Coxeter diagram
Symmetry	[3−1,2,1]	[30,2,1]	[31,2,1]	[32,2,1]	[33,2,1]	[34,2,1]	[35,2,1]	[36,2,1]
Order	12	120	1,920	51,840	2,903,040	696,729,600	∞
Graph							-	-
Name	−121	021	121	221	321	421	521	621

The 2₂₁ polytope is fourth in dimensional series 2_k2.

2k1 figures in n dimensions
Space	Finite						Euclidean	Hyperbolic
n	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Coxeter group	E3=A2A1	E4=A4	E5=D5	E6	E7	E8	E9 = ${\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{8}}$ = E8+	E10 = ${\displaystyle {\bar {T}}_{8}}$ = E8++
Coxeter diagram
Symmetry	[3−1,2,1]	[30,2,1]	[[31,2,1]]	[32,2,1]	[33,2,1]	[34,2,1]	[35,2,1]	[36,2,1]
Order	12	120	384	51,840	2,903,040	696,729,600	∞
Graph							-	-
Name	2−1,1	201	211	221	231	241	251	261

The 2₂₁ polytope is second in dimensional series 2_2k.

2_2k figures of n dimensions

Space	Finite			Euclidean	Hyperbolic
n	4	5	6	7	8
Coxeter group	A2A2	A5	E6	${\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{6}}$=E6+	E6++
Coxeter diagram
Graph				∞	∞
Name	22,-1	220	221	222	223

• Rectified icosihepta-heptacontidi-peton as a rectified 27-72 facetted polypeton (acronym rojak) (Jonathan Bowers)[6]

Its construction is based on the E₆ group and information can be extracted from the ringed Coxeter-Dynkin diagram representing this polytope: .

Removing the ring on the short branch leaves the rectified 5-simplex, .

Removing the ring on the end of the other 2-length branch leaves the rectified 5-orthoplex in its alternated form: t₁(2₁₁), .

Removing the ring on the end of the same 2-length branch leaves the 5-demicube: (1₂₁), .

The vertex figure is determined by removing the ringed ring and ringing the neighboring ring. This makes rectified 5-cell prism, t₁{3,3,3}x{}, .

Vertices are colored by their multiplicity in this projection, in progressive order: red, orange, yellow.

Coxeter plane orthographic projections

E6 [12]	D5 [8]	D4 / A2 [6]	B6 [12/2]
A5 [6]	A4 [5]	A3 / D3 [4]

Vertices are colored by their multiplicity in this projection, in progressive order: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple.

Coxeter plane orthographic projections

E6 [12]	D5 [8]	D4 / A2 [6]	B6 [12/2]
A5 [6]	A4 [5]	A3 / D3 [4]