Mitsuo Tsukahara

Mitsuo Tsukahara (塚原 光男 Tsukahara Mitsuo, born December 22, 1947) is a Japanese artistic gymnast. He was five times an Olympic Gold Medalist. He remained active in the sport after his retirement from competition. He served as vice president of the Japan Gymnastic Association.[1]

For the vault of the same name, see Tsukahara (vault).
Mitsuo Tsukahara
Personal information
Country represented Japan
Born (1947-12-22) December 22, 1947
Tokyo, Japan
Height166 cm (5 ft 5 in)
Weight67 kg (148 lb)
DisciplineMen's artistic gymnastics
LevelSenior
Eponymous skillsTsukahara vault
Medal record
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place1968 Mexico CityTeam
Gold medal – first place1972 MunichTeam
Gold medal – first place1972 MunichHorizontal bar
Gold medal – first place1976 MontrealTeam
Gold medal – first place1976 MontrealHorizontal bar
Silver medal – second place1976 MontrealVault
Bronze medal – third place1972 MunichRings
Bronze medal – third place1976 MontrealAll-around
Bronze medal – third place1976 MontrealParallel bars
World Championships
Gold medal – first place1970 LjubljanaVault
Gold medal – first place1970 LjubljanaTeam
Gold medal – first place1974 VarnaTeam
Gold medal – first place1978 StrasbourgTeam
Silver medal – second place1970 LjubljanaAll-around
Silver medal – second place1970 LjubljanaRings
American Cup
Gold medal – first place1977 New YorkAll-around

Tsukahara competed throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, retiring from gymnastics competition in 1978 after the World Championships. Winning five gold, one silver and three bronze medals, Tsukahara was an important contributor in Japan's win at the team competition in three consecutive Olympic Games: in 1968, 1972 and 1976. He married fellow gymnast Chieko Oda. He has remained connected to the gymnastics world, partly through his son Naoya Tsukahara, who was also a multi-medalist at the World Championships and Olympic Games throughout the late 1990s and who still competed as of 2014.[2]

Skills

Tsukahara's name is one of the most famous in gymnastics due to its association with two widely performed skills. The first is the full-twisting double salto in the tuck position (with the full twist in the first salto). The Men's Gymnastics Code of Points credits Tsukahara for premiering this skill on floor exercise and horizontal bar, and he regularly performed it on these events throughout his career. In fact, in many nations, it is customary to call a full-twisting double salto tumble or dismount a "Tsukahara" on all apparatus, both for men and women. This skill is sometimes called a "Moon Somersault" or "Moon Salto".

Tsukahara is also credited with having invented a vaulting technique called the "Tsukahara vault". This vault is generally described as a roundoff over the horse/table into a backward salto, with or without twist. However, until 2005, when the horse was replaced with a table, women usually performed Tsukahara-type vaults on the side horse with a half-twist entry onto the horse rather than a quarter twist entry. Tsukahara himself did this vault in a stretched position, generally without twist.

The name "Tsukahara" is so strongly associated with the 1/4-on entry, that it is routinely misapplied to the more commonly used Kasamatsu-style vault, in which the 1/4 turn off the horse "untwists" so that the salto is initiated forwards or sideways. In fact, Tsukahara himself, who entered the horse on his left side but also twisted to the left, would have done a Kasamatsu vault if he had tried to twist. However, the Tsukahara style is certainly still very popular among gymnasts who:

  • do the basic vault in tucked, piked, or stretched position
  • twist the opposite direction of their entry side, e.g. Gervasio Deferr, who repeated as Olympic Vault Champion in 2004 by premiering the Tsukahara with 2.5 twists
  • do two saltos instead of just one, e.g. Leszek Blanik, the 2008 Olympic Vault Champion, who is one of many gymnasts to perform a Tsukahara double pike.

Honors

In November 2009, Tsukahara was awarded with a Medal of Honour with purple ribbon by the Government of Japan.[1]

See also

References
  1. "678 individuals, 24 groups awarded Medals of Honor". Mainichi Shimbun. November 3, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-11-03.
  2. Mitsuo Tsukahara. sports-reference.com
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