Tugulu Group

The Tugulu Group (simplified Chinese: 吐谷鲁群; traditional Chinese: 吐谷魯群; pinyin: Tǔgǔlǔ Qún) is a geological Group in Xinjiang, China whose strata date back to the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur skeletal remains and footprints are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1][2][3][4]

Tugulu Group
Stratigraphic range: Early Cretaceous
TypeGroup
Sub-unitsQingshuihe, Hutubihe, Shengjinkou & Lianmuqin Formations
UnderliesDonggou & Kumutake Formations
OverliesKalaza Formation
Thickness150–1,640 m (490–5,380 ft)
Location
RegionXinjiang
Country China
ExtentJunggar Basin

Vertebrate paleofauna

Dinosaurs
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Dinosaurs
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Asiatosaurus[5] A. mongoliensis[5]
Xiyunykus
Kelmayisaurus[5][6] K. petrolicus[5] "Maxilla and dentary."[7]
Xinjiangovenator X. parvus "Tibia [and] phalanges."[8] Formerly thought to be a representative of Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis.[5]
Phaedrolosaurus P. ilikensis "tooth"[9]
Psittacosaurus[5] P. xinjiangensis[5] An early ceratopsian
Tugulusaurus[5] T. faciles[5] "Hindlimb, rib, [and a] vertebral centrum."[10]
Xiyunykus X. pengi "Partial skeleton"[11]
Wuerhosaurus[5] W. homheni[5] "Partial skeleton."[12] A stegosaur
Unnamed ornithomimosaur[13] "manus claw and various closely associated caudal vertebrae" The first ornithomimosaur known from the Junggar Basin.

Pterosaurs
Pterosaurs
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Dsungaripterus D. weii[14] A dsungaripterid
Dsungaripterus(top) and Noripterus (bottom)
Noripterus N. complicidens[15] A dsungaripterid
Lonchognathosaurus L. acutirostris[15] Possible junior synonym of Dsungaripterus weii.[16]

Pseudosuchians
Name Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Edentosuchus E. tienshanensis[17] A crocodyliform

Turtles
Name Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Dracochelys Dracochelys bicuspis[18][19] A skull, an incomplete skeleton. A sinemydid
Ordosemys O. brinkmania[20] An isolated skull, several shells. A sinemydid
Xinjiangchelys Indeterminate "A shell in ventral aspect on a slab"[20] A xinjiangchelyid
Wuguia W. efremovi[21]
W. hutubeiensis[22]		 Partial shells (W. efremovi), an incomplete skeleton (W. hutubeiensis) A sinemydid
Pantrionychia indet. "Apoorly preserved skull in dorsal aspect"[20] A cryptodiran

Fish
Name Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Bogdaichthys[23] B. fukangensis A siyuichthyid[24]
B. serratus
Dsungarichthys[23] D. bilineatus A siyuichthyid
Manasichthys[23] M. elongatus A siyuichthyid
M. tuguluensis
Neobaleiichthys[23] N. chikuensis
Siyuichthys[23] S. ornatus A siyuichthyid
S. pulchellus
S. pulcher
Uighuroniscus[23] U. sinkiangensis
Wukangia[23] W. houyanshanensis A siyuichthyid

References
  1. Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 563-570. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  2. Lucas, Spencer G, Chinese Fossil vertebrates, Pp. 158-159, New York, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08483-8.
  3. Lucas, S.G. (2001). Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Columbia University Press. p. 158. ISBN 9780231084833. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
  4. Xing, Lida; Lockley, Martin G.; Persons, W. Scott; Klein, Hendrik; Romilio, Anthony; Wang, Donghao; Wang, Miaoyan (2021-02-28). "Stegosaur Track Assemblage from Xinjiang, China, Featuring the Smallest Known Stegosaur Record". PALAIOS. 36 (2): 68–76. Bibcode:2021Palai..36...68X. doi:10.2110/palo.2020.036. ISSN 0883-1351. S2CID 233129489.
  5. "48.5 Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 1. Tugulu Group," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 567.
  6. "A reassessment of Kelmayisaurus petrolicus, a large theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (Preprint). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2011-05-01.
  7. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
  8. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
  9. Z.-M. Dong. (1973). [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academic Sinica 11:45-52. [Chinese]
  10. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 77.
  11. Xu, Xing; Choiniere, Jonah; Tan, Qingwei; Benson, Roger B.J; Clark, James; Sullivan, Corwin; Zhao, Qi; Han, Fenglu; Ma, Qingyu; He, Yiming; Wang, Shuo; Xing, Hai; Tan, Lin (2018). "Two Early Cretaceous Fossils Document Transitional Stages in Alvarezsaurian Dinosaur Evolution". Current Biology. 28 (17): 2853–2860.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.057. PMID 30146153.
  12. "Table 16.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 345.
  13. Xing, Lida; Scott Persons IV, W.; Lautenschlager, Stephan; Wang, Donghao; Niu, Kecheng (2020-12-29). "The first record of an ornithomimosaur from the Cretaceous Tugulu Group of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China". Cretaceous Research. 121: 104740. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104740. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 233549987.
  14. "Re: The timing of stegosaur extinction". dml.cmnh.org. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
  15. Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.
  16. Andres, B.; Clark, J. M.; Xing, X. (2010). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 163–187. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..163A. doi:10.1080/02724630903409220. S2CID 53688256.
  17. http://www.paleoglot.org/files/Li_85a.pdf
  18. E. S. Gaffney, X. Ye (1992). "Dracochelys, a new cryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous of China". American Museum Novitates. 3048 (1–3).
  19. Donald B Brinkman (2001). "New material of Dracochelys (Eucryptodira: Sinemydidae) from the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 38 (12). doi:10.1139/e01-047.
  20. I. G. Danilov, J. F. Parham (2007). "The type series of "Sinemys" wuerhoensis, a problematic turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of China, includes at least three taxa". Palaeontology. 50 (2).
  21. I. G. Danilov, V. B. Sukhanov (2005). "A basal eucryptodiran turtle "Sinemys" efremovi (= Wuguia efremovi) from the Early Cretaceous of China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 51 (1).
  22. A. T. Matzke, M. W. Maisch, H. Pfretzschner, G. Sun, H. Stöhr (2004). "A new basal sinemydid turtle (Reptilia: Testudines) from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of the Junggar Basin (NW China)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte. 2004 (3). doi:10.1127/njgpm/2004/2004/151.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. Averianov, A.; Skutschas, P. (2000). "A eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Russia and biostratigraphy of the Asian Early Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages". Lethaia. 33 (4): 330–340. doi:10.1080/002411600750053899.
  24. Arratia, G. (2013). "Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (sup1): 1–138. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33S...1A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.835642. S2CID 86605978.

Bibliography


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