Tule Lake

Tule Lake (/ˈtuːli/ TOO-lee)[2] is an intermittent lake covering an area of 13,000 acres (53 km2), 8.0 km (5.0 mi) long and 4.8 km (3.0 mi) across,[1] in northeastern Siskiyou County and northwestern Modoc County in California, along the border with Oregon.

For the lake in Lake County, California, see Tule Lake (Lake County, California).
For the similarly named town, see Tulelake, California.

Tule Lake
Elevated view of the Tule Lake Basin, with snow-capped Mount Shasta looming in the background
Location of Tule Lake in California, USA
Location of Tule Lake in California, USA
Tule Lake
Location of Tule Lake in California, USA
Location of Tule Lake in California, USA
Tule Lake
LocationSiskiyou / Modoc Counties, California, United States
Coordinates41°54′34″N 121°31′59″W[1]
TypeAncient lake, intermittent lake
Primary inflowsLost River
Max. length8.0 km (5.0 mi)
Max. width4.8 km (3.0 mi)
Surface area13,000 acres (53 km2)
Surface elevation4,035 ft (1,230 m)

Geography

Tule Lake is fed by the Lost River. The elevation of the lake is 4,035 ft (1,230 m).[1]

It is one of twenty ancient lakes in the world that have existed continuously for more than 1 million years.[3] However, this has recently come under significant threat due to multiple years of drought conditions.[4]

Tule Lake is located 2.4 km (1.5 mi),[1] southwest of the town of Tulelake in Northern California.

Wildlife and water

The lake is part of the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge and the Klamath Project. Deliveries of water from the Klamath Project have been necessary to provide sufficient water for wildlife. On July 24, 2020, a delivery of water from the Klamath Project saved 50,000 ducklings from death.[5]

History

Canby's Cross is located about 3 mi (4.8 km) south of the lake; it is the site where General Edward Canby was killed by the Modoc chief Kintpuash, also known to American settlers as Captain Jack.

The Tule Lake War Relocation Center, a Japanese American internment camp, is located east of the lake, in Modoc County. During World War II, the United States federal government under Executive Order 9066, forced the evacuation of Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans, including citizens born in the United States, to numerous camps built in the interior of California and inland states. This camp later housed mainly those who rebelled against WRA control in other Japanese Internment Camps, as well as those who refused to cooperate under what was known as the "loyalty questionnaire".[6] They were forced to sell their businesses and homes, and suffered enormous economic and psychological losses by being treated as potential enemies. Following World War II, the federal government awarded 86 farm sites on land reclaimed by the drainage of Tule Lake to returning white veterans using a land lottery.[7] A lottery was used because the number of applicants was greater than the number of homesteads available.[8]

See also

References
  1. "Tule Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  2. "Tule Lake". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
  3. "Ancient lakes of the world | Christopher M. Free". marine.rutgers.edu. Archived from the original on February 9, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  4. Alexander, Kurtis (April 15, 2022). "A vast California lake is set to run dry. Scientists". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  5. "Klamath water arrives, saving 50,000 ducklings from certain death". SFChronicle.com. July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  6. Wallace, Nina (July 14, 2020). "Understanding Tule Lake: A Brief History". Densho: Japanese American Incarceration and Japanese Internment. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  7. "Veterans Win Farms at Tule Lake Lottery," Life, 22:73-74, January 20, 1947, referenced in H W Martin and C A McMahan, 'Land Distribution in Georgia, The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 1 (June 1952), pp. 44-51
  8. Klamath Project, "The Klamath Project at 100: Conserving our Resources, Preserving our Heritage" accessed 3 July 2015


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