Tunnel Mountain Formation
The Tunnel Mountain Formation is a geologic formation that is present on the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the Canadian Rockies of western Alberta. Named after Tunnel Mountain near Banff, it was deposited during the Early Pennsylvanian sub-period of the Carboniferous period.[2][3]
| Tunnel Mountain Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
 Tunnel Mountain in Banff, the namesake of the formation | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Spray Lakes Group |
| Sub-units | Tobermory Storelk Tyrwhitt |
| Underlies | Kananaskis Formation, Ishbel Group |
| Overlies | Etherington Formation |
| Thickness | up to about 200 metres (600 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | dolomite, quartzite |
| Location | |
| Region | Alberta |
| Country | Canada |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Tunnel Mountain |
| Named by | F.W. Beales, 1950[1] |
Lithology and stratigraphy
The Tunnel Mountain Formation consists of quartzose sandstone, interbedded with lesser amounts of dolomite, dolomitic sandstone in the lower part, and minor beds of quartzite in the upper part.[2][3] In areas where they can be differentiated, the formation is subdivided into the three formations shown below in ascending order. Where they cannot be differentiated, the name Tunnel Mountain Formation is applied to the entire sequence.[3][4]
- Tobermory Formation: quartz-chert sandstone, very fine- to fine-grained, quartz and dolomite cement; rare cross-bedding; minor interbeds of sandy dolomite.[3][4]
- Storelk Formation: quartz-chert sandstone, very fine- to coarse-grained, quartz cement, typically massive, very rare cross-bedding.[3][4]
- Tyrwhitt Formation: quartz-chert sandstone, very fine- to fine-grained, quartz and dolomite cement, rare cross-bedding; minor interbeds of sandy dolomite.[3][4]
Paleontology
The dolomite beds of the Tunnel Mountain sequence include scattered brachiopods and foraminifera.[2][3]
Thickness, distribution, and relationship to other units
The Tunnel Mountain Formation is present in the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies of western Alberta, and reaches a maximum thickness of about 200 metres (600 ft). It unconformably overlies the Etherington Formation or the Todhunter Formation of the Mississippian Rundle Group, and is conformably overlain by the Late Pennsylvanian Kananaskis Formation. In areas where the Kananaskis is not present, it is unconformably overlain by the Permian Ishbel Group.[2][3]
References
- Beales, F.W. 1950. Late Paleozoic formations of southwestern Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 50-27, p. 58-64.
- "Tunnel Mountain Formation".
- Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM. ISBN 0-920230-23-7.
- Stott, D.L. 1967. Stratigraphy of the lower Rocky Mountain Supergroup in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, vol. 15, no. 2., p. 209.
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021.