Two-way indicator species analysis

Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) is a Fortran-based statistical analysis method described in 1979 by Mark O. Hill.[1] It is widely used in ecological research.[2]

As of 1997, it was the only widespread standardized method to identify indicator plants.[1]

References

Dufrene, Marc; Legendre, Pierre (August 1997). "Species Assemblages and Indicator Species: The Need for a Flexible Asymmetrical Approach". Ecological Monographs. 67 (3): 345. doi:10.2307/2963459. hdl:2268/145383. JSTOR 2963459.
Vermeerscha, Sophie; de Genstc, William; Vermoesend, Frank; Triestb, Ludwig (2003). "The influence of transformations of an ordinal scale of a floristic gradient, applied on a TWINSPAN classification". Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 198 (5): 389–403. doi:10.1078/0367-2530-00111.

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[dufrene-1] Dufrene, Marc; Legendre, Pierre (August 1997). "Species Assemblages and Indicator Species: The Need for a Flexible Asymmetrical Approach". Ecological Monographs. 67 (3): 345. doi:10.2307/2963459. hdl:2268/145383. JSTOR 2963459.

[vermeerscha-2] Vermeerscha, Sophie; de Genstc, William; Vermoesend, Frank; Triestb, Ludwig (2003). "The influence of transformations of an ordinal scale of a floristic gradient, applied on a TWINSPAN classification". Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 198 (5): 389–403. doi:10.1078/0367-2530-00111.