Tydeidae

Tydeidae is a family of acariform mites. As of 2016, it contained over 300 species in three subfamilies,[1] though more species have been discovered since then.[2]

Tydeidae
Temporal range:
"Yellow mite", Lorryia formosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Arachnida
Subclass:
Acari
Order:
Trombidiformes
Superfamily:
Tydeoidea
Family:
Tydeidae

Kramer, 1877
Subfamilies
  • Australotydeinae
  • Pretydeinae
  • Tydeinae
Diversity
30 genera, >320 species

These mites live in a wide range of habitats and there are predatory, fungivorous and scavenging species.

Description

Tydeidae are soft-bodied mites with an idiosoma that is striated, reticulated or a combination of both. They have two bothridial setae. The chelicerae have fused bases, a movable digit that is relatively short and needle-like, and a fixed digit that is reduced. They may have two or three eyes, though some species are blind.[1]

Of the three subfamilies, Pretydeinae has no setae on the genu of legs II, III or IV, and the palptarsus has a triple eupathidium at the end. The other two subfamilies have one or two setae (Tydeinae) or three setae (Australotydeinae) on the genu of leg II, and the palptarsus ends in a double or triple eupathidium.[1]

Ecology

Tydeids are among the most commonly encountered mites in arboreal habitats, including leaves, stems, tree trunks, canopy soils, sporocarps and nests.[3] They are also found in caves, soil, humus, litter, grass, straw, hay and stored products.[1][4]

Most tydeids are scavengers or fungivores, while some can feed on plants, pollen or animal prey.[1]

Various tydeid species are themselves preyed on by phytoseiid mites.[5]

Species in several genera have been found in beehives. The nature of their relationship with bees is uncertain.[4]

Importance

Some species of Tydeus are medically important: T. interruptus may be a reservoir for scrapie-like agents, while T. molestus causes itching and skin irritation in humans and domestic animals.[4]

Tydeus californicus and Lorryia formosa can damage citrus plants.[4] On the other hand, some tydeid species can benefit agriculture by suppressing (through their feeding) powdery mildew and downy mildew.[1]

Taxonomy

Tydeidae includes three subfamilies with the following genera:[1]

Australotydeinae
  • Australotydeus

Pretydeinae

  • Novzelorryia
  • Prelorryia
  • Pretydeus
  • Ueckermannia

Tydeinae

  • Acanthotydides
  • Afridiolorryia
  • Afrotydeus
  • Apolorryia
  • Brachytydeus
  • Edlorryia
  • Idiolorryia
  • Kenlorryia
  • Krantzlorryia
  • Lorryia
  • Melissotydeus
  • Metalorryia
  • Momenia
  • Neoapolorryia
  • Neolorryia
  • Nudilorryia
  • Oakvillae
  • Orfareptydeus
  • Paralorryia
  • Perafrotydeus
  • Pseudolorryia
  • Quadrotydeus
  • Quasitydeus
  • Tydeus
  • Tydides

It once also included subfamilies Edbakerellinae, Pronematinae, Triophtydeinae and Tydaeolinae. Edbakerellinae and Triophtydeinae have since been moved into family Triophtydeidae, while Pronematinae and Tydaeolinae have been moved into family Iolinidae.[6]

References
  1. Silva, Guilherme Liberato Da; Metzelthin, Maicon Henrique; Silva, Onilda Santos Da; Ferla, Noeli Juarez (2016-07-04). "Catalogue of the mite family Tydeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) with the world key to the species". Zootaxa. 4135 (1): 1–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4135.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27395702.
  2. "Tydeidae - Wikispecies". species.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  3. Walter, David Evans (2004), "Hidden in Plain Sight: Mites in the Canopy", Forest Canopies, Elsevier, pp. 224–241, doi:10.1016/b978-012457553-0/50016-2, ISBN 978-0-12-457553-0, retrieved 2022-12-08
  4. "Family Tydeidae Kramer, 1877". insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  5. Hessein, Nawal A.; Perring, Thomas M. (1986). "Feeding habits of the Tydeidae with evidence of Homeopronematus anconai (Acari: Tydeidae) predation on Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae)". International Journal of Acarology. 12 (4): 215–221. doi:10.1080/01647958608683467. ISSN 0164-7954.
  6. André, Henri M. (2021-12-30). "The Tydeoidea (Ereynetidae, Iolinidae, Triophtydeidae and Tydeidae) - An online database in the Wikispecies platform". Acarologia. 61 (4): 1023–1035. doi:10.24349/6yc5-1lxw.
  • Media related to Tydeidae at Wikimedia Commons
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