Typhoon Son-Tinh

Typhoon Son-Tinh (transliterated from Vietnamese Sơn Tinh), known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Ofel, was a powerful, late-forming typhoon that devastated the Philippines with tropical storm strength, and battered Northern Vietnam with hurricane-force winds at landfall on October 28, 2012. Originating from a broad area of low pressure over Palau on October 20, the system strengthened into a tropical depression by October 21, and on October 22, it became the 23rd named storm of the season.

This article is about the 2012 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Son-Tinh and List of storms named Ofel.
Typhoon Son-Tinh (Ofel)
Typhoon Son-Tinh near peak intensity on October 27
Meteorological history
FormedOctober 21, 2012
DissipatedOctober 29, 2012
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds155 km/h (100 mph)
Lowest pressure945 hPa (mbar); 27.91 inHg
Category 3-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds195 km/h (120 mph)
Lowest pressure944 hPa (mbar); 27.88 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities42 total
Damage$776 million (2012 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Vietnam, China
IBTrACS
Part of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season

Twenty-seven people were killed in the Philippines due to the heavy rain from Son-Tinh. Six fishermen were reported missing, and more than 13,000 passengers were stranded at ferry terminals and ports. Widespread flooding was reported as rivers burst their banks, in some instances rising as much as 12.8 meters in 24 hours. A cargo ship, called the ML Lady RP II, sank with around 1,200 sacks of copra near Zamboanga City at the height of the storm. Strong winds derailed a train in Quezon.[1]

Meteorological history
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On October 19, a tropical disturbance formed southeast of Yap, and the JMA mentioned the system as a tropical depression on October 21.[2] On October 22, the PAGASA started to monitor the tropical depression and named it Ofel. On October 23, as the system started to increase in size, strong thunderstorms which were fragmented in a band that was wrapping loosely around the center of circulation, reaching high into the troposphere with cloud top temperatures are as cold as −63 Fahrenheit (−52 Celsius). On October 24, the storm made landfall over Leyte, as a tropical storm, with convection stretching over the entire republic, and the strongest convection remained to the east of the storm, over the Philippine Sea. On October 25, as Son-Tinh strengthened into a severe tropical storm, the western half of the storm, associated with the low level circulation center, had already moved into the South China Sea, while powerful thunderstorms in the eastern half were still dropping heavy rainfall the Philippines.[3] Son-Tinh reached typhoon strength on October 27. Late on October 27, the system rapidly strengthened into a category 3 typhoon in just 6 hours, as it developed a ragged eye, but soon developed into a well defined eye.[4][5] After affecting Vietnam and Hainan Island, it weakened rapidly, first to a severe tropical storm and then to a tropical depression, due to land interaction and strong wind shear from the north west. Late on October 29, the remnant low of Son-Tinh was pushed to the south by a cold front from the north, reentered the Gulf of Tonkin, and soon made landfall over the western half of Hainan Island on 07:00 (UTC). On October 31, the remnant low of Son-Tinh moved south, into the South China Sea, before dissipating completely off the coast of Vietnam.[6][7][8]

Preparations and impact

Philippines
The track and the Public Storm Warning Signal of Tropical Storm Ofel during it affects the Central Philippines. Area's under the orange color are signal No. 2 while the light green color are signal No. 1

Son-Tinh was forecast to hit Central Philippines. However, it impacted the entire islands with almost every provinces of the country receiving storm signals. The PAGASA issued Storm Signals as the storm approached. Storm Signal No. 1 was hoisted over Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Norte, Leyte provinces, Western and Eastern Samar. As the tropical depression neared the country, it intensified into a tropical storm. Signal No. 2 was hoisted over Cebu, Leyte provinces, Samar provinces and Surigao provinces. As a precaution, All classes in Cebu City were suspended because gale-force winds and moderate to heavy rains were battering the area.

On October 24, the storm capsized 6 boats in Tacloban City.[9] The storm caused heavy rains and strong winds over the Visayas. At the night of October 24, the storm hardly hit Cebu with rain and winds. Classes in Cebu City were suspended the next day.[10]

Throughout the Philippines, 27 people were killed by the storm and damage amounted to PHP155 million (US$3.74 million).[11]

China

The center warned ships and people in affected areas to be careful urging authorities to take full precautions. It was forecast up to 80 cm of precipitation that day along the coast of eastern and southern Hainan province and eastern coast of Leizhou peninsula.

In all, 7 people lost their lives in China.[12] Total economic losses in China were counted to be CN¥1.52 billion (US$243 million).[12]

Vietnam

In Vietnam, the typhoon moved along the Tonkin Gulf, ravaging the coastal provinces of Nghệ An, Thanh Hóa, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình before making landfall 20 kilometers west of Halong Bay on October 29. A 180 m (590 ft) tall mast tower in Nam Định collapsed during the storm.[13] A total of eight people were killed in the country while three others were listed as missing. Another 90 people were injured in various accidents related to the typhoon. In all, 429 homes collapsed and 55,251 were damaged while about 95,000 hectares (235,000 acres) of crops were flooded. The storm caused ₫11 trillion (US$530 million, 2012 USD) in damage.[14][15]

See also

References
  1. "Tropical Storm 'Ofel' slices across Visayas; 4 dead". News Inquirer. October 21, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  2. "JMA WWJP25 Warning and Summary October 21, 2012 12z". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 21, 2012. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  3. "NASA - Tropical Storm Son-tinh (Northwest Pacific Ocean)".
  4. https://www.webcitation.org/6BimlItl9?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201210261500.htm
  5. "Typhoon Son-Tinh Tropical Cyclone Advisory 0600z". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  6. "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 23W (Son-Tinh) Warning NR 21". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  7. "Hong Kong Observatory".
  8. "Tropical cyclone track information - GIS version".
  9. "16 missing, 6 boats capsize in Tacloban". News Inquirer. October 21, 2012. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  10. "Cebu City classes suspended, Signal No. 2 for Typhoon Ofel". News Inquirer. October 21, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  11. "SitRep No. 17 re Effects of Tropical Storm "Ofel" (Son-Tinh)" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. November 1, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 17, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
  12. China Meteorological Agency (November 26, 2012). Member Report: China (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee: 7th Integrated Workshop. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 2, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  13. "3 người chết, tháp truyền hình đổ sập vì bão Sơn Tinh" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress.net. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  14. "Recent storm causes losses over VND7,000 billion". Government of Vietnam. ReliefWeb. November 5, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
  15. http://danida.vnu.edu.vn/cpis/files/Dac_Diem_KTTV/dacdiemkttv_2012.pdf
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