Zadok HaKohen

Rabbi Zadok ha-Kohen Rabinowitz of Lublin (in Hebrew: צדוק הכהן מלובלין) (Kreisburg, 1823 – Lublin, Poland, 1900), or Tzadok Hakohen or Tzadok of Lublin, was a significant Jewish thinker and Hasidic leader.[1][2]

This article is about the Hasidic leader. For the Biblical figure, see Zadok.

Biography

He was born into a Lithuanian Rabbinic family and then became a follower of the Hasidic Rebbe, Rabbi Mordechai Yosef Leiner of Izbica, and of Yehudah Leib Eiger[3] (grandson of the famed Rabbi Akiva Eiger, son of Rabbi Solomon Eger, and another student of Mordechai Leiner), whom he succeeded in 1888.[4] He was also a disciple of Rabbi Sholom Rokeach of Belz.[5] He is a classic example of a Litvish Jew turned Chasidic.

As a young man he gained widespread acclaim as an illuy (a brilliant talmudist). Rabbi Zadok refused to accept any rabbinic post for most of his life. He eked out a living by his wife running a small used clothing store. Upon the death of Eiger in 1888, Zadok Hakohen agreed to take over the leadership of the Hasidim. It was then that he began to give his public classes that would take place on Shabbat, Holidays, Rosh Chodesh and special occasions. The transcriptions of those classes were compiled into his work known as Pri Tzadik.

Rabbi Zadok was a prolific writer in all areas of Judaism, halakhah, Hasidut, Kabbalah, angelology, and ethics; he also wrote scholarly essays on astronomy, geometry, and algebra.

One of his lone surviving students was Rabbi Michael Mokotovsky, whose son was Rabbi Avraham Eliyahu Mokotovsky, better known by his penname Eliyahu Kitov.

Ideas

Zadok HaKohen's radical philosophy of Judaism very much continues the thinking of his teacher Rabbi Mordechai Yosef Leiner. Zadok HaKohen was much more of a prolific writer than Leiner ever was. It is therefore difficult to determine where Rabbi Zadok's radicalism is a mere articulation of ideas left somewhat veiled (albeit possibly purposely) in the writings of Leiner and where Rabbi Zadok is actually breaking new ground.

Tzidkas HaTzaddik

You can learn a lot about a person from his dreams. What we dream is a reflection of who we are. It is the measure of our aspirations and goals, and of those values we hold dear and place above all else.

One does not squelch the evil inclination but rather helps channel its energies positively.

Pri Tzaddik, Genesis

Humanity's first sin was not Adam and Eve's eating of forbidden fruit, but rather the way they ate it. The Tree of Knowledge, says he, was not a tree or a food or a thing at all. Rather it was a way of eating. Whenever a person grabs self-conscious pleasure from the world, he falls, at that moment, from God consciousness, and eats from the Tree of Knowledge.[6]

Takkanas HaShavim

Zadok HaKohen said that the Oral Law developed to its full potential after the victory of the Hasmoneans over the Greek culture, a culture characterized by deep analysis and hair-splitting argument. These virtues were converted to a holy nature with the victory of Israel over Greece. This was the fulfillment of the verse “God will give beauty to Yefet and this beauty will dwell in the tents of Shem” (as per Megillah 9b). After the victory, Jews could begin the successful integration of natural science, logic, and philosophy into the world of the Written Law. Only then could the Oral Law truly begin to flourish.


Influence

Zadok HaKohen's philosophy was a major influence on Rabbi Yitzchok Hutner.

Rabbi Moshe Tuvia Lieff has given numerous lectures on the works of Zadok HaKohen.[7]

Works
  • Resisei Layla
  • Takkanas HaShavim
  • Tzidkas HaTzadik
  • Machashavos Charutz
  • Sichat Malachei HaShareit
  • Divrei Sofrim
  • Poked Akarim
  • Likkutei Ma'amarim
  • Dover Tzedek
  • Yisrael Kedoshim
  • Ohr Zarua LaTzadik
  • Pri Tzadik (Compiled by his students from his weekly classes)
  • Otzar Hamelech (comments on the Rambam, and a long Tshuva on Tumas Ohel)

References
  1. The Journal of Jewish Thought & Philosophy 1993 3-4 p153 "R. Zadok ha-Kohen Rabinowitz (1823-1900) was born to a rabbinic/mitnagdic family in Latvia; a prodigy, ... He was incredibly prolific, and many of his works, none of which was published in his lifetime, were presumably lost in the destruction of the Lublin ghetto, though some seem to have ."
  2. Alan Brill Thinking God: The Mysticism of Rabbi Zadok of Lublin 2002 "This work also sheds important light on Lithuanian talmudic intellectualism and Polish Hasidism. It is the first book to present a critical, analytical portrait of hasidic theology."
  3. Some say he was a peer of Yehudah Leib Eiger, see Codex Judaica by Matis Kantor, p.274
  4. Codex Judaica, Kantor, p.274
  5. Ami Living. No. 87. Sep/12/12. p. 44.
  6. [1]
  7. Rabbi Moshe Tuvia Lieff. Torah Anytime.

Bibliography
  • Brill, Alan (2002). Thinking God: The Mysticism of Rabbi Zadok HaKohen Of Lublin. Ktav: Yeshiva University Press. ISBN 9780881257267.
  • Elman, Y. (1986). "Reb Zadok Hakohen of Lublin on Prophecy in the Halakhic Process". Jewish Law Association Studies. Scholars Press. 1 (1): 1–16.
  • Elman, Y. (1985). "R. Zadok HaKohen on the History of Halakha". Tradition. 21 (4): 1–26. Archived from the original on 2007-08-07. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
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