NGC 708

NGC 708 is an elliptical galaxy located 240 million light-years away[2] in the constellation Andromeda and was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786.[3] It is classified as a cD galaxy[4][5] and is the brightest member of Abell 262.[6][7] NGC 708 is a weak[8] FR I radio galaxy[9][10][11][12][13] and is also classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy.[8][14][2]

NGC 708
Pan-STARRS image of NGC 708
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationAndromeda
Right ascension01h 52m 46.5s[1]
Declination36° 09′ 07″[1]
Redshift0.016195[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity4,855 km/s[1]
Distance239 Mly (73.3 Mpc)[1]
Group or clusterAbell 262
Apparent magnitude (V)13.70[1]
Characteristics
TypeE[1]
Size~200,000 ly (62 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)3.0 x 2.5[1]
Other designations
CGCG 522-39, MCG 6-5-31, PGC 6962, UGC 1348, B2 0149+35[1]

NGC 708 is surrounded by 4,700 globular clusters.[15]

Dust lane

Discovered in 1979 by Kotanyi et al., NGC 708 has a thin dust lane[16] with an irregular structure.[17][18][19][5] Besides the dust lane, there are also patches of dust that cross the nucleus.[17][18][19] These features are oriented nearly perpendicular to the radio emission of the galaxy.[20][21][13][8][6] The lane appears to be a nearly edge-on dust disk[22] with a length of 16,000 ly (5 kpc).[23]

The dust lane appears to have formed from a cooling accretion flow of intracluster medium (ICM) onto NGC 708.[23]

The dust lane in NGC 708 as imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope. NGC 705 can be seen at the lower right of the image.

Supermassive black hole

NGC 708 has a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of (2.9×108 M☉) (108.46) M☉.[24][10]

The supermassive black hole is powering the radio jets and lobes in the galaxy.[10]

Radio morphology

NGC 708 contains two radio jets[23] that are mildly bent[23][25] and extend into ''s'' shaped[8][12] double radio lobes[10][11][13][12] with a total length of 200,000 ly (60 kpc).[12]

Chandra observations have shown that the lobes have created a cavity in the intracluster medium of Abell 262.[11]

Possible interaction

NGC 708 may be interacting with NGC 705 which lies about 67,000 ly (20.6 kpc) to the south-west.[21]

See also

References
  1. "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 708. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
  2. "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2018-12-23.
  3. "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 700 – 749". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
  4. Lyskova, N.; Churazov, E.; Moiseev, A.; Sil'chenko, O.; Zhuravleva, I. (2014-05-15). "Stellar kinematics of X-ray bright massive elliptical galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 441 (3): 2013–2033. arXiv:1404.2729. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.441.2013L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu717. ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. Goullaud, Charles F.; Jensen, Joseph B.; Blakeslee, John P.; Ma, Chung-Pei; Greene, Jenny E.; Thomas, Jens (2018-03-20). "The MASSIVE Survey. IX. Photometric Analysis of 35 High-mass Early-type Galaxies with HST WFC3/IR". The Astrophysical Journal. 856 (1): 11. arXiv:1801.08245. Bibcode:2018ApJ...856...11G. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab1f3. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 119458429.
  6. West, M. J. (1994-05-01). "Anisotropic Mergers at High Redshifts - the Formation of CD Galaxies and Powerful Radio Sources". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 268: 79–102. Bibcode:1994MNRAS.268...79W. doi:10.1093/mnras/268.1.79. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. "NGC 708". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Retrieved 2018-12-23.
  8. Durret, F. (1994-05-01). "Nuclear and extranuclear ionized gas in nine Seyfert 2 galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 105: 57–66. Bibcode:1994A&AS..105...57D. ISSN 0365-0138.
  9. Parma, P.; Morganti, R.; Fanti, R.; Ruiter, De; R, H.; Chiaberge, M.; Celotti, A.; Capetti, A. (2001-12-06). "The HST survey of the B2 sample of radio-galaxies: optical nuclei and the FRI/BL Lac unified scheme". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 383: 104–111. arXiv:astro-ph/0112151. Bibcode:2002A&A...383..104C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011714. S2CID 2457431.
  10. Hu, C.; Wang, J.-M. (2005-08-01). "Captures of Red Giant Stars by Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies: Feedback to the Hot Gas". The Astrophysical Journal. 630 (2): L125–L128. arXiv:astro-ph/0508021. Bibcode:2005ApJ...630L.125W. doi:10.1086/491670. S2CID 119078675.
  11. Clarke, T. E.; McNamara, Brian R.; Sarazin, Craig L.; Blanton, Elizabeth L. (2004-05-21). "Chandra Observation of the Central Region of the Cooling Flow Cluster Abell 262: A Radio Source that is a Shadow of its Former Self?". The Astrophysical Journal. 612 (2): 817–824. arXiv:astro-ph/0405425. Bibcode:2004ApJ...612..817B. doi:10.1086/422677. S2CID 2628446.
  12. Kassim, N. E.; Douglass, E. M.; Gopal-Krishna; Anderson, L. D.; Sarazin, C. L.; Blanton, E. L.; Clarke, T. E. (2009-03-04). "Tracing Multiple Generations of AGN Feedback in the Core of Abell 262". The Astrophysical Journal. 697 (2): 1481–1492. arXiv:0903.0844. Bibcode:2009ApJ...697.1481C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1481. S2CID 14636695.
  13. Taylor, G. B.; Giroletti, M.; Giovannini, G.; Liuzzo, E. (2010-06-01). "Parsec-scale properties of brightest cluster galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 516: A1. arXiv:1002.1380. Bibcode:2010A&A...516A...1L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913888. ISSN 1432-0746. S2CID 14536396.
  14. Reddy, Naveen A.; Yun, Min S. (2004-01-10). "Radio and Far-Infrared Emission as Tracers of Star Formation and AGN in Nearby Cluster Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 600 (2): 695–715. arXiv:astro-ph/0309649. Bibcode:2004ApJ...600..695R. doi:10.1086/379871. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15068448.
  15. Harris, William E.; Harris, Gretchen L. H.; Alessi, Matthew (2013-07-09). "A Catalog of Globular Cluster Systems: What Determines the Size of a Galaxy's Globular Cluster Population?". The Astrophysical Journal. 772 (2): 82. arXiv:1306.2247. Bibcode:2013ApJ...772...82H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/82. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119113886.
  16. Kotanyi, C. G.; Ekers, R. D. (1979-03-01). "Radio galaxies with dust lanes". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 73: L1–L3. Bibcode:1979A&A....73L...1K. ISSN 0004-6361.
  17. Capetti, A.; de Ruiter, H. R.; Fanti, R.; Morganti, R.; Parma, P.; Ulrich, M.-H. (2000-09-05). "The HST snapshot survey of the B2 sample of low luminosity radio-galaxies: a picture gallery". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 362: 871. arXiv:astro-ph/0009056. Bibcode:2000A&A...362..871C.
  18. Taylor, G. B.; Giroletti, M.; Giovannini, G.; Liuzzo, E. (2009-10-01). "The Bologna complete sample of nearby radio sources – II. Phase referenced observations of faint nuclear sources". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 505 (2): 509–520. arXiv:0908.4391. Bibcode:2009A&A...505..509L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912586. ISSN 1432-0746. S2CID 5288263.
  19. Taylor, G. B.; Capetti, A.; Giroletti, M.; Giovannini, G.; Buttiglione, S.; Liuzzo, E. (2013-02-01). "Compact sources in the Bologna Complete Sample: high-resolution VLA observations and optical data". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 550: A76. arXiv:1209.4204. Bibcode:2013A&A...550A..76L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220012. ISSN 1432-0746. S2CID 119233588.
  20. Parma, P.; de Ruiter, H. R.; Fanti, C.; Fanti, R. (1986-04-01). "VLA observations of low luminosity radio galaxies. I – Sources with angular size smaller than two arcminutes". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 64: 135–171. Bibcode:1986A&AS...64..135P. ISSN 0365-0138.
  21. Colina, L.; Perez-Fournon, I. (January 1990). "Optical observations of galaxies containing radio jets – A catalog of sources with redshift smaller than 0.15". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 72: 41–59. Bibcode:1990ApJS...72...41C. doi:10.1086/191408. ISSN 0067-0049.
  22. Wegner, G. A.; Corsini, E. M.; Thomas, J.; Saglia, R. P.; Bender, R.; Pu, S. B. (2012). "Further Evidence for Large Central Mass-to-light Ratios in Early-type Galaxies: The Case of Ellipticals and Lenticulars in the A262 Cluster". The Astronomical Journal. 144 (3): 78. arXiv:1206.5768. Bibcode:2012AJ....144...78W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/3/78. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 118679035.
  23. McCarthy, P. J.; van Bruegel, W. J. M.; Heckman, T.; Miley, G. K.; Filippenko, A. V. (1985-09-01). "Optical and Radio Observations of the Cooling-Flow Galaxy NGC 708". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 17: 865. Bibcode:1985BAAS...17..865M.
  24. Woo, Jong-Hak; Urry, C. Megan (2002). "Active Galactic Nucleus Black Hole Masses and Bolometric Luminosities". The Astrophysical Journal. 579 (2): 530–544. arXiv:astro-ph/0207249. Bibcode:2002ApJ...579..530W. doi:10.1086/342878. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118160249.
  25. Sofue, Yoshiaki; Wakamatsu, Ken-Ichi (August 1993). "CO in elliptical galaxies and the universal CO-to-dust ratio". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 45 (4–6264): 529–538. Bibcode:1993PASJ...45..529S.
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