USS Birmingham (CL-2)

USS Birmingham (CS-2/CL-2), named for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, was a Chester-class scout cruiser, reclassified a light cruiser in 1920. Entering service in 1908, the ship became known for the first airplane takeoff from a ship in history in 1910. During World War I, Birmingham escorted convoys across the Atlantic. The cruiser was decommissioned in 1923 and sold for scrap in 1930.

For other ships with the same name, see USS Birmingham.

USS Birmingham (CS-2), 1908
History
United States
NameBirmingham
NamesakeCity of Birmingham, Alabama
Ordered27 April 1904
Awarded17 May 1905
BuilderFore River Shipyard, Quincy Point, Quincy, Massachusetts
Cost$1,566,000 (contract price of hull and machinery)
Laid down14 August 1905
Launched29 May 1907
Sponsored byMiss Mary Campbell
Commissioned11 April 1908
Decommissioned1 December 1923
ReclassifiedCL-2, 17 July 1920
Identification
FateSold for scrap, 13 May 1930
General characteristics (As built)[1]
Class and typeChester-class Scout cruiser
Displacement
  • 3,750 long tons (3,810 t) (standard)
  • 4,687 long tons (4,762 t) (full load)
Length
  • 423 ft 1 in (128.96 m) oa
  • 420 ft (130 m) pp
Beam47 ft 1 in (14.35 m)
Draft16 ft 9 in (5.11 m) (mean)
Installed power
  • 12 × Fore River boilers
  • 16,000 ihp (12,000 kW)
  • 15,670 ihp (11,690 kW) (produced on Trial)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph)
  • 24.33 knots (45.06 km/h; 28.00 mph) (Speed on Trial)
Complement42 officers 330 enlisted
Armament
Armor
  • Belt: 2 in (5.1 cm)
  • Deck: 1 in (25 mm) (aft)
General characteristics (1921)[2][3]
Complement64 officers 332 enlisted
Armament
  • 4 × 5 in (130 mm)/51 caliber guns
  • 2 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 caliber rapid-fire guns
  • 1 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 caliber anti-aircraft gun
  • 2 × 3-pounder (47 mm (1.9 in) saluting guns
  • 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes

Construction and career

The cruiser was laid down by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company at Quincy, Massachusetts, on 14 August 1905, and launched on 29 May 1907; sponsored by Miss Mary Campbell. Birmingham was commissioned on 11 April 1908, Commander Burns Tracy Walling in command.[4]

Pilot Eugene Ely takes off from USS Birmingham, Hampton Roads, Virginia, 14 November 1910

Birmingham served with the Atlantic Fleet until 27 June 1911, and went into reserve at Boston three days later. One of her sailors, Chief Electrician William E. Snyder, received the Medal of Honor for rescuing a shipmate from drowning on 4 January 1910.[5] From Birmingham's deck, civilian pilot Eugene Ely made the first airplane take-off from a warship on 14 November 1910[6] in a Curtiss Model D biplane designed by Glenn Curtiss.

Recommissioned on 15 December 1911, she made a short cruise to the West Indies and then reverted to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Philadelphia on 20 April 1912. From 19 May – 11 July, she was in commission for service on Ice Patrol and then returned to the Philadelphia Reserve Group. Recommissioned on 1 October 1913, Birmingham carried the Commissioners of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition on a South American tour from 3 October – 26 December, and was then outfitted at Philadelphia Navy Yard as a tender to the Torpedo Flotilla.

She left the yard on 2 February 1914, and resumed operations with the Atlantic Fleet as flagship of the Torpedo Flotilla. On April 20, she received orders to carry a detachment of aircraft to Tampico as part of the US occupation of Veracruz, becoming part of the first operational use of naval aircraft.[4] On May 24, after spending a month near Tampico, she rendezvoused with the fleet at Veracruz before returning to the United States.

World War I and fate

Following American entrance into World War I, Birmingham patrolled along the northeast U.S. coast until 14 June 1917, when she sailed from New York as part of the escort for the first US troop convoy to France. After returning to New York she was fitted for service in Europe and in August reported to Gibraltar as flagship for Rear Admiral A. P. Niblack, Commander, US Forces Gibraltar. She escorted convoys between Gibraltar, the British Isles, and France until the Armistice. After a short cruise in the eastern Mediterranean, she returned to the United States in January 1919.

From July 1919 to May 1922, she was based at San Diego, California, as flagship of Destroyer Squadrons, Pacific Fleet, and then moved to Balboa, Canal Zone as flagship of the Special Service Squadron. After cruising along the Central American and northern South American coast, she returned to Philadelphia and was decommissioned there on 1 December 1923, being sold for scrap on 13 May 1930.

Commanders

References
  1. "Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels, 1911–". US Naval Department. 1 January 1914. pp. 40–47.
  2. "Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels, 1921–". US Naval Department. 1 July 1921. pp. 60–67. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  3. Toppan, Andrew (22 January 2000). "Chester class scout cruisers". US Cruisers List: Light/Heavy/Antiaircraft Cruisers, Part 1. Hazegray.org. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  4. "Birmingham I (Scout Cruiser No. 2)". Naval History and Heritage Command. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  5. "Medal of Honor Recipients – Interim Awards, 1901–1911". Medal of Honor Citations. U.S. Army Center of Military History. 3 August 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
  6. Friedman, Norman (1983). U.S. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History. Naval Institute Press. p. 31. ISBN 0-87021-739-9.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.

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