List of ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands

The United States diplomatic mission to the Netherlands consists of the embassy located in The Hague and a consular office located in Amsterdam.

Ambassador of the United States to the Netherlands
Ambassadeur van de Verenigde Staten in Nederland
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent
Shefali Razdan Duggal
since October 19, 2022
SeatEmbassy of the United States, The Hague
NominatorThe President of the United States
Inaugural holderJohn Adams
as Minister Plenipotentiary
FormationApril 19, 1782
Websitenl.usembassy.gov

In 1782, John Adams was appointed America's first Minister Plenipotentiary to Holland. According to the United States Department of State, the same year came formal recognition by the Netherlands of the United States as a separate and independent nation, along with badly needed financial help that indicated faith in its future. These loans from the United Provinces, which have been called "the Marshall Plan in reverse," were the first the new government received. Adams purchased a home in the Hague at Fluwelen Burgwal 18 (located within Uilebomen, The Hague Center), as the first U.S. embassy.[1]

The current American Embassy building in The Hague opened on January 29, 2018.[2] Notable Americans such as former Presidents Adams and John Quincy Adams, General Hugh Ewing and Iraq Envoy L. Paul Bremer have held the title of Ambassador.

Besides the embassy, a U.S. consulate-general is located on Curaçao which is responsible for the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean.[3] This consulate is not part of the U.S. diplomatic mission to the Netherlands.

April 19, the day John Adams presented his credentials in the Hague, was declared by President Ronald Reagan to be memorialized as "Dutch-American Friendship Day".[4]

Ambassadors

U.S. diplomatic terms

Career FSO
After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time.

Political appointee
A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends).

Appointed
The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office.

Presented credentials
The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely.

Terminated mission
Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy.

Chargé d'affaires
The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country.

Ad interim
Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime".
The former building of the Embassy of the United States, The Hague
#Name[5]Type[5]Start date[6]End date[6]
1John AdamsMPApril 19, 1782March 30, 1788
2William LivingstonMP [7]
3John RutledgeMP [7]
4William ShortMPJune 18, 1792December 19, 1792
5John Quincy AdamsMPNovember 6, 1794June 20, 1797
6William Vans MurrayMPJune 20, 1797September 2, 1801
7William EustisEE/MPJuly 20, 1815May 5, 1818
8Alexander H. EverettChd'AffJanuary 4, 1819April 7, 1824
9Christopher HughesChd'AffJuly 10, 1826January 28, 1830
10William Pitt PrebleEE/MPJanuary 28, 1830May 2, 1831
11Auguste DavezacChd'AffDecember 30, 1831July 13, 1839
12Harmanus BleeckerChd'AffJuly 13, 1839August 22, 1842
13Christopher HughesChd'AffAugust 22, 1842June 28, 1845
14Auguste DavezacChd'AffJune 28, 1845September 16, 1850
15George FolsomChd'AffSeptember 16, 1850October 11, 1853
16 August Belmont Chd'Aff October 11, 1853 September 26, 1854
MR September 26, 1854 September 22, 1857
17Henry C. MurphyMRSeptember 24, 1857June 8, 1861
18James S. PikeMRJune 8, 1861May 29, 1866
19Daniel E. SicklesMR [7]
20John A. DixMR [7]
21Albert RhodesChd'AffOctober 19, 1866December 1, 1866
22Hugh EwingMRDecember 1, 1866October 31, 1870
23Joseph P. RootMR [8]
24Charles T. GorhamMRDecember 15, 1870July 9, 1875
25Francis B. StockbridgeMR [9]
26James BirneyMRMarch 29, 1876April 20, 1882
27William L. Dayton, Jr.MRSeptember 26, 1882June 8, 1885
28Isaac Bell, Jr.MRJune 8, 1885April 29, 1888
29 Robert B. Roosevelt MR August 10, 1888 September 26, 1888
EE/MP September 26, 1888 May 17, 1889
30Samuel R. ThayerEE/MPMay 24, 1889August 7, 1893
31William E. QuinbyEE/MPAugust 11, 1893July 26, 1897
32Stanford NewelEE/MPAugust 19, 1897June 30, 1905
33David J. HillEE/MPJuly 15, 1905June 1, 1908
34Arthur M. BeaupreEE/MPJune 15, 1908September 25, 1911
35Lloyd BryceEE/MPNovember 16, 1911September 10, 1913
36Henry van DykeEE/MPOctober 15, 1913January 11, 1917
37John W. GarrettEE/MPOctober 11, 1917June 18, 1919
38William PhillipsEE/MPApril 23, 1920April 11, 1922
39Richard M. TobinEE/MPMay 1, 1923August 29, 1929
40Gerrit John DiekemaEE/MPNovember 20, 1929December 20, 1930[10]
41Laurits S. SwensonEE/MPApril 29, 1931March 5, 1934
42Grenville T. EmmetEE/MPMarch 21, 1934August 21, 1937
43George A. GordonEE/MPSeptember 10, 1937July 16, 1940[11]
44 Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr.[12] EE/MP March 27, 1941 May 8, 1942
AE/P May 8, 1942 December 1, 1943
45Stanley K. Hornbeck[12]AE/PDecember 8, 1944March 7, 1947
46Herman B. BaruchAE/PApril 12, 1947August 26, 1949
47Selden ChapinAE/POctober 27, 1949October 30, 1953
48H. Freeman MatthewsAE/PNovember 25, 1953June 11, 1957
49Philip YoungAE/PJune 27, 1957December 20, 1960
50John S. RiceAE/PMay 6, 1961May 27, 1964
51William R. TylerAE/PJune 23, 1965June 20, 1969
52J. William Middendorf IIAE/PJuly 9, 1969June 10, 1973
53Kingdon Gould, Jr.AE/POctober 18, 1973September 30, 1976
54Robert J. McCloskeyAE/POctober 22, 1976March 10, 1978
55Geri M. JosephAE/PSeptember 6, 1978June 17, 1981
56William J. DyessAE/PSeptember 2, 1982July 19, 1983
57L. Paul BremerAE/PAugust 31, 1983August 25, 1986
58John ShadAE/PJune 24, 1987February 23, 1989
59C. Howard Wilkins, Jr.AE/PJuly 13, 1989July 11, 1992
60K. Terry DornbushAE/PMarch 16, 1994July 28, 1998
61Cynthia P. SchneiderAE/PSeptember 2, 1998June 17, 2001
62Clifford SobelAE/PDecember 6, 2001August 24, 2005
63Roland ArnallAE/PMar 8, 2006March 7, 2008
64James CulbertsonAE/PJuly 10, 2008January 20, 2009
65Fay Hartog-LevinAE/PAugust 19, 2009September 1, 2011
66Timothy M. BroasAE/PMarch 19, 2014February 12, 2016
67Adam SterlingChd'AffFebruary 12, 2016July 29, 2016
68Shawn CrowleyChd'AffJuly 29, 2016[13]January 10, 2018
69Pete HoekstraAE/PJanuary 10, 2018January 17, 2021
70Marja VerloopChd'AffJanuary 17, 2021July 4, 2022
71Aleisha WoodwardChd'AffJuly 4, 2022October, 18, 2022
72Shefali Razdan DuggalAE/POctober 19, 2022Present

See also

References
  1. "Dutch American Friendship Day / Heritage Day". Archived from the original on December 30, 2006. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  2. "U.S. Embassy moving to Wassenaar". January 19, 2018.
  3. "welcome". Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  4. Eschner, Kat. "John Adams Was the United States' First Ambassador as Well as Its Second President". Smithsonian. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  5. Archived July 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  6. "Nations - Netherlands". AllGov. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
  7. He declined his appointment.
  8. His nomination was withdrawn.
  9. He took the oath of office, but he never proceeded to the post.
  10. He died at his post.
  11. He left with a special ambassador train from The Hague on the July 16. This train was specially meant for ambassadors and their families. See for a picture of ambassador Gordon in this train: http://www.haagsebeeldbank.nl/
  12. He served in England.
  13. U.S. Chargé d'affaires in The Hague accredited, diplomat magazine.nl, 2016/08/04 (in English).
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