Demographics of Ukraine

According to the United Nations, Ukraine has a population of 36,744,636 as of 2023. In July 2023, Reuters reported that due to the refugee outpouring into Western Europe, the population of Kyiv-controlled areas may have decreased to as low as 28 million.[4] This is a steep decline from 2020, when it had a population of almost 44 million people.[5] This is in large part due to the ongoing Ukrainian refugee crisis and loss of territory caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The most recent (and only) census of a post-Soviet Ukraine occurred over 20 years ago, in 2001. Thus, much of the information presented here could be inaccurate and/or outdated.

Demographics of Ukraine
Ukraine population pyramid on 1 January 2023, estimations by the United Nations Note: Data and estimations after February 2022 are subject to considerable correction due to the effects of the war, emigration and the inability of authorities to gather timely and reliable demographic data.
PopulationIncluding Russian occupied territory: 41,130,432 Decrease (State Statistics Service of Ukraine) [1] Excluding Russian occupied territory: 36,744,636 Decrease (UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs) [2]
Growth rate−6.6 Decrease people/1,000 population (2023)
Birth rate8.6 Increase births/1,000 population (2023)
Death rate15.2 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 population (2023)
Life expectancy71.76 years Increase (2018)[3]
 • male66.69 Decrease years
 • female76.72 Increase years
Fertility rate1.30 Increase children born/woman (2023)
Infant mortality rate7.0 deaths/1,000 Positive decrease infants (2019)[3]
Net migration rate−5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015)
Age structure
0–14 yearsIncrease 15.4%
15–64 yearsDecrease 68.4%
65 and overNegative increase 16.2% (2017)
Sex ratio
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Under 151.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.92 male(s)/female
65 and over0.51 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian
Major ethnicUkrainians (77.8%) 2001
Minor ethnicRussians (17.3%) 2001, Other (4.9%) 2001
Language
OfficialUkrainian
SpokenUkrainian, Russian, others
Animated population pyramid since 1989
Population density in Ukraine by raion.

History
Main article: Censuses in Ukraine
See also: Polish census of 1931, First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union, Soviet Census (1937), Soviet Census (1989), and Ukrainian Census (2001)

There were roughly four million Ukrainians at the end of the 17th century.[6] The majority of the historical information is sourced from Demoscope.ru.[7] The territory of modern Ukraine at the times listed above varied greatly. Western Ukraine, west of the Zbruch river, until 1939 was for most of the time part of the Kingdom of Galicia and later the Polish Republic. Detailed information for those territories is missing, for more information see Demographics of Poland. Crimea changed hands as well; in 1897 it was a part of the Taurida Governorate, but after the October Revolution became part of the Russian SFSR, and in 1954 was brought under the administration of the Ukrainian SSR.

The territory of Budjak (southern Bessarabia) became a part of the Ukrainian SSR in June 1940. The censuses of 1926 through 1989 were taken in the Ukrainian SSR. The census of 1897 is taken from the statistics of nine governorates that were in the territory of today's Ukraine. The statistics of the 1906 records are taken from www.statoids.com which provides a broad degree of historical explanation on the situation in Imperial Russia. The census statistics of 1931 were estimated by Professor Zenon Kuzela.[8] His calculations are as of 1 January 1931. This ethnographer is mentioned in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine as one of the sources only available due to a lack of an official census.[9][10]

[nb 1]

Famines and migration

The famines of the 1930s, followed by the devastation of World War II, created a demographic disaster. Life expectancy at birth fell to a level as low as ten years for females and seven for males in 1933 and plateaued around 25 for females and 15 for males in the period 1941–44.[11] According to The Oxford companion to World War II, "Over 7 million inhabitants of Ukraine, more than one-sixth of the pre-war population, were killed during the Second World War."[12]

Ukrainian refugees entering Romania, 5 March 2022

Significant migration took place in the first years of Ukrainian independence. More than one million people moved into Ukraine in 1991–92, mostly from the other former Soviet republics. In total, between 1991 and 2004, 2.2 million immigrated to Ukraine (of these, 2 million came from the other former Soviet Union states), and 2.5 million emigrated from Ukraine (of these, 1.9 million moved to other former Soviet Union republics).[13] As of 2015, immigrants constituted an estimated 11.4% of the total population, or 4.8 million people.[14] In 2006, there were an estimated 1.2 million Canadians of Ukrainian ancestry,[15] giving Canada the world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine itself and Russia. There are also large Ukrainian diaspora communities in Russia, Poland, the United States, Brazil, Kazakhstan, and Argentina.

Since about 2015, there has been a growing number of Ukrainians working in the European Union, particularly Poland. Eurostat reported that 662,000 Ukrainians received EU residence permits in 2017, with 585,439 being to Poland. In 2019, World Bank statistics show that money remittances back to Ukraine have roughly doubled from 2015 to 2018, and are worth about 4% of GDP.[16][17] The Ukrainian authorities only records its citizens who apply for foreign citizenship, not those who apply for foreign resideny[18]

After the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present), eight million people fled during the ensuing 2022–2023 Ukrainian refugee crisis, Europe's biggest refugee crisis since World War II. Most have gone to Central Europe.

Population decline
Population of Ukraine from 1950[19][20]
Ukraine's population pyramid from 2015 to 2030 estimations, showing the effects of the Russo-Ukraine War.

According to estimations of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea) on 1 May 2021 was 41,442,615.[1]

The country's population has been declining since the 1990s because of a high emigration rate, coupled with high death rates and low birth rates. The population has been shrinking by an average of over 300,000 annually since 1993.

In 2007, the country's rate of population decline was the fourth highest in the world.[21] During the years 2008 to 2010, more than 1.5 million children were born in Ukraine, compared to fewer than 1.2 million during 1999–2001. In 2008, Ukraine posted record-breaking birth rates since its 1991 independence. Infant mortality rates have also dropped from 10.4 deaths to 8.3 per 1,000 children under one year of age. This is lower than in 153 countries of the world.[22]

In 2019 the government ran an electronic census using multiple sources, including mobile phone and pension data, and estimated that Ukraine's population, excluding Crimea and parts of the Donbas, to be 37.3 million. About 20 million were of active working age.[23][24]

The Russian invasion considerably deepened the country's demographic crisis. A July 2023 study by the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies stated that "[r]egardless of how long the war lasts and whether or not there is further military escalation, Ukraine is unlikely to recover demographically from the consequences of the war. Even in 2040 it will have only about 35 million inhabitants, around 20% fewer than before the war (2021: 42.8 million) and the decline in the working-age population is likely to be the most severe and far-reaching." The study took different scenarios, from a "best case" (end of the war in 2023 without much further escalation) to a "worst case" (end of the war in 2025 with further escalation) into account. Flight from war affects especially the southern and eastern regions and especially educated women of child-bearing age and their children. With an estimate of more than 20% of refugees not returning, study author Maryna Tverdostup concludes that this will lead to long-term shrinking and will significantly impair the conditions for reconstruction.[25]

Fertility and natalist policies
Population pyramid of Ukraine in 2023

The current birth rate in Ukraine, as of 2020, is 8.1 live births/1,000 population, and the death rate is 14.7 deaths/1,000 population.[3]

The phenomenon of lowest-low fertility, defined as total fertility below 1.3, is emerging throughout Europe and is attributed by many to postponement of the initiation of childbearing. Ukraine, where total fertility (a very low 1.1 in 2001), was one of the world's lowest, shows that there is more than one pathway to lowest-low fertility. Although Ukraine has undergone immense political and economic transformations during 1991–2004, it has maintained a young age at first birth and nearly universal childbearing. Analysis of official national statistics and the Ukrainian Reproductive Health Survey show that fertility declined to very low levels without a transition to a later pattern of childbearing. Findings from focus group interviews suggest explanations of the early fertility pattern. These findings include the persistence of traditional norms for childbearing and the roles of men and women, concerns about medical complications and infertility at a later age, and the link between early fertility and early marriage.[26] Ukraine subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 40.8 years.[27]

To help mitigate the declining population, the government continues to increase child support payments. Thus it provides one-time payments of 12,250 hryvnias for the first child, 25,000 hryvnias for the second and 50,000 hryvnias for the third and fourth, along with monthly payments of 154 hryvnias per child.[28][29] The demographic trend was showing signs of improvement, as the birth rate was steadily growing from 2001 to 2013.[30] Net population growth over the first nine months of 2007 was registered in five provinces of the country (out of 24), and population shrinkage was showing signs of stabilising nationwide. In 2007 the highest birth rates were in the western oblasts.[31] In 2008, Ukraine emerged from lowest-low fertility, and the upward trend has continued to 2012, with the population still decreasing but at a pace that was slowing year to year. If early 2010s trends were continuing, the population of Ukraine could have returned to positive growth later in the same decade. Similar trends were seen in Russia and Belarus as well, who experienced population growth in the 2010's. In 2014 the strong decline in births was re-established, with 2018 having fewer than half the number of births as in 1989. (see demographic tables) In 2020 the number of births decreased to 293,000, reaching levels not seen even in the late 90s and early 2000s when the number of births started to increase.

Due to mass emigration and destruction of property caused by Russian Invasion of Ukraine, the country's birth rate has declined significantly, and was 28% lower in the first six months of 2023 compared to the same period in 2021.[32] However, there could very well be a small, but meaningful increase in births, with the fertility rate possibly increasing to 1.60 children per women, even higher than the peak of 1.53 seen in 2012.[33]

Population
Life expectancy in Ukraine since 1900
Life expectancy in Ukraine since 1960 by gender

Life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth in Ukraine by oblast in 2012
  • total population: 71.37 Increase years
  • male: 66.34 Increase years
  • female: 76.22 Increase years (2013 official)

Average life expectancy at birth of the total population.[34]

Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 61.83
1955–1960 Increase 67.11
1960–1965 Increase 69.69
1965–1970 Increase 70.66
1970–1975 Decrease 70.57
1975–1980 Decrease 69.65
1980–1985 Decrease 69.15
1985–1990 Increase 70.55
1990–1995 Decrease 68.72
1995–2000 Decrease 67.36
2000–2005 Increase 67.46
2005–2010 Increase 67.89
2010–2015 Increase 71.12
The natural population growth of Ukraine in 1950–2010.[35][36][37]
  Birth rate
  Death rate
  Natural growth rate

Total fertility rate
  • 1.12 Decrease children born/woman (2000)
  • 1.44 Increase children born/woman (2010)
  • 1.22 Decrease children born/women (2020)

Vital statistics

Notable events in Ukraine demography:

Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire

The figures below refer to the nine governorates of the Russian Empire (Volhynia, Katerynoslav, Kyiv, Podilia, Poltava, Tauryda, Kharkiv, Kherson and Chernihiv) with a Ukrainian majority.[38]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Total fertility rates
1900 24,969,000 1,203,334660,723542,611 48.226.521.7
1901 25,505,000 1,123,519657,883465,636 44.125.818.3
1902 25,935,000 1,207,512681,580525,932 46.626.320.3
1903 26,449,000 1,188,404663,067525,337 44.925.119.9
1904 26,961,000 1,228,116682,068546,048 45.625.320.3
1905 27,210,000 1,160,308779,107381,201 41.127.614.0
1906 27,949,000 1,225,951724,045501,906 43.925.918.0
1907 28,418,000 1,279,027701,451577,576 45.024.720.3
1908 29,069,000 1,232,862692,624540,238 42.423.818.6
1909 29,700,000 1,226,155744,818481,337 41.325.116.2
1910 30,297,000 1,225,658839,491386,167 40.527.712.7
1911 30,858,000 1,240,985670,742570,243 40.221.718.5
1912 30,580,000 1,245,358654,157591,201 40.721.419.3
1913 31,142,000 1,222,277715,924506,353 39.223.016.36.00
1914 30,973,000 1,240,114716,875523,239 40.023.116.9

Between WWI and WWII
[39] Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates Life Expectancy (male) Life Expectancy (female)
1924 27,400,000 1,211,000 484,880 726,120 43.3 17.3 25.9
1925 28,000,000 1,246,000 531,819 714,181 43.4 18.5 24.9 5.39
1926 28,700,000 1,258,000 518,656 739,344 42.5 17.5 25.0
1927 29,589,000 1,228,000 579,000 649,000 40.6 19.1 21.5 43.3 46.8
1928 30,251,000 1,178,000 575,000 603,000 38.1 18.6 19.5 44.6 48.7
1929 30,894,000 1,115,000 585,000 530,000 35.5 18.6 16.9 42.8 46.7
1930 31,436,000 1,053,000 580,000 473,000 33.0 18.2 14.8 42.5 46.9
1931 31,882,000 1,001,000 553,000 448,000 31.0 17.1 13.9 43.5 47.9
1932 32,342,000 801,000 746,000 55,000 24.7 23.0 1.7 34.5 39.4
1933 32,456,000 564,0002,104,000-1,540,000 17.464.8-47.4
1934 30,916,000 562,000 508,000 54,000 18.1 16.4 1.7 37.6 42.1
1935 31,006,000 770,000 381,000 389,000 24.5 12.1 12.4 46.3 52.7
1936 31,423,000 905,000 403,000 502,000 28.3 12.6 15.7 47.6 53.0
1937 31,957,000 1,227,000 450,000 777,000 37.5 13.7 23.7 46.2 51.9
1938 32,742,000 1,123,000 451,000 672,000 33.6 13.5 20.1 47.9 52.7
1939 33,425,000 1,080,000 412,600 667,400 31.7 12.1 19.6 47.7 52.5
1940(b) 40,649,000 1,243,000 30.6 3.80 47.4 52.4

(a) Information is given for Ukraine's territory within its old boundaries up to 17 September 1939 (b) Information is given for Ukraine's territory within its present-day boundaries, after the Soviet annexation of Eastern Galicia and Volhynia in September 1939

After WWII

Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine[40]

Average population
 Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates Urban fertility Rural fertility Abortions, reported
1945 435,230
1946 753,493
1947 712,994
1948 757,783
1949 911,641
1950 36,905,000 844,585 315,300 529,300 22.9 8.5 14.3 2.81
1951 37,569,000 858,052 327,500 530,600 22.8 8.7 14.1 2.76
1952 38,141,000 846,434 325,700 520,700 22.2 8.5 13.7 2.64
1953 38,678,000 795,652 326,800 468,900 20.6 8.4 12.1 2.41
1954 39,131,000 845,128 318,500 526,600 21.6 8.1 13.5 2.48
1955 39,506,000 792,696 296,200 496,500 20.1 7.5 12.6 2.70
1956 40,082,000 822,569 293,000 529,600 20.5 7.3 13.2 2.29
1957 40,800,000 847,781 304,800 543,000 20.8 7.5 13.3 2.29
1958 41,512,000 873,483 286,700 586,800 21.0 6.9 14.1 2.30
1959 42,155,000 880,552 316,800 563,800 20.9 7.5 13.4 2.29
1960 42,469,000 878,768 296,171 582,597 20.7 7.0 13.7 2.24
1961 43,097,000 843,482 304,346 539,136 19.6 7.1 12.5 2.17
1962 43,559,000 823,151 331,454 491,697 18.9 7.6 11.3 2.14
1963 44,088,000 794,969 323,556 471,413 17.9 7.3 10.6 2.06
1964 44,664,000 741,668 315,340 426,328 16.5 7.0 9.5 1.96
1965 45,133,000 692,153 342,717 349,436 15.3 7.6 7.7 1.99
1966 45,548,000 713,492 344,850 368,642 15.6 7.5 8.1 2.02
1967 45,997,000 699,381 368,573 330,808 15.1 8.0 7.2 2.01
1968 46,408,000 693,064 374,440 318,624 14.9 8.0 6.9 1.99
1969 46,778,000 687,991 404,151 283,840 14.7 8.6 6.1 2.04
1970 47,127,000 719,213 418,679 300,534 15.2 8.9 6.4 2.10 1,130,315
1971 47,507,000 736,691 424,717 311,974 15.4 8.9 6.6 2.12
1972 47,903,000 745,696 443,038 302,658 15.5 9.2 6.3 2.08
1973 48,274,000 719,560 449,351 270,209 14.9 9.3 5.6 2.04
1974 48,571,000 736,616 455,970 280,646 15.1 9.4 5.8 2.04
1975 48,881,000 738,857 489,550 249,307 15.1 10.0 5.1 2.02 1,110,223
1976 49,151,000 747,069 500,584 246,485 15.2 10.2 5.0 1.99
1977 49,388,000 726,217 517,967 208,250 14.7 10.5 4.2 1.94
1978 49,578,000 732,187 529,681 202,506 14.7 10.7 4.1 1.96
1979 49,755,000 735,188 552,019 183,169 14.7 11.1 3.7 1.96
1980 50,044,000 742,489 568,243 174,246 14.8 11.4 3.5 1.95 1,197,000
1981 50,222,000 733,183 568,789 164,394 14.6 11.3 3.3 1.93 1,112,734
1982 50,388,000 745,591 568,231 177,360 14.8 11.3 3.5 1.94 1,131,437
1983 50,573,000 807,111 583,496 223,615 16.0 11.6 4.4 2.11 1,125,686
1984 50,768,000 792,035 610,338 181,697 15.6 12.0 3.6 2.08 1,127,627
1985 50,941,000 762,775 617,548 145,227 15.0 12.1 2.9 2.02 1,179,000
1986 51,143,000 792,574 565,150 227,424 15.5 11.1 4.4 2.13 1,166,039
1987 51,373,000 760,851 586,387 174,464 14.8 11.4 3.4 2.07 1,168,136
1988 51,593,000 744,056 600,725 143,331 14.4 11.6 2.8 2.04 1,080,029
1989 51,770,000 690,981 600,590 90,391 13.3 11.6 1.7 1.92 1.78 2.33 1,058,414
1990 51,838,500 657,202 629,602 27,600 12.7 12.1 0.5 1.84 1.69 2.27 1,019,038
1991 51,944,400 630,813 669,960 -39,147 12.1 12.9 -0.8 1.78 1.60 2.29 957,022
1992 52,056,600 596,785 697,110 -100,325 11.4 13.4 -1.9 1.67 1.48 2.23 932,272
1993 52,244,100 557,467 741,662 -184,195 10.7 14.2 -3.5 1.56 1.37 2.08 860,996
1994 52,114,400 521,545 764,669 -243,124 10.0 14.7 -4.7 1.47 1.28 1.98 798,538
1995 51,728,400 492,861 792,587 -299,726 9.6 15.4 -5.8 1.40 1.21 1.88 740,172
1996 51,297,100 467,211 776,717 -309,506 9.2 15.2 -6.0 1.34 1.16 1.79 687,035
1997 50,818,400 442,581 754,151 -311,570 8.7 14.9 -6.1 1.27 1.10 1.70 596,740
1998 50,370,800 419,238 719,954 -300,716 8.4 14.4 -6.0 1.21 1.05 1.64 525,329
1999 49,918,100 389,208 739,170 -349,962 7.8 14.9 -7.0 1.13 0.97 1.53 495,760
2000 49,429,800 385,126 758,082 -372,956 7.8 15.4 -7.6 1.12 0.97 1.51 434,223
2001 48,923,200 376,478 745,952 -369,474 7.7 15.3 -7.6 1.08 0.95 1.41 369,750
2002 48,457,102 390,688 754,911 -364,223 8.1 15.7 -7.6 1.10 0.97 1.43 345,967
2003 48,003,463 408,589 765,408 -356,819 8.5 16.0 -7.4 1.17 1.07 1.45 315,835
2004 47,622,434 427,259 761,261 -334,002 9.0 16.0 -7.0 1.22 1.13 1.46 289,065
2005 47,280,817 426,086 781,961 -355,875 9.0 16.6 -7.5 1.21 1.12 1.46 263,950
2006 46,929,525 460,368 758,092 -297,724 9.8 16.2 -6.3 1.31 1.21 1.59 229,618
2007 46,646,046 472,657 762,877 -290,220 10.2 16.4 -6.2 1.35 1.24 1.63 210,454
2008 46,372,664 510,589 754,460 -243,871 11.0 16.3 -5.3 1.46 1.35 1.75 217,413
2009 46,143,714 512,525 706,739 -194,214 11.1 15.3 -4.2 1.47 1.35 1.78 194,845
2010 45,962,947 497,689 698,235 -200,546 10.8 15.2 -4.4 1.44 1.31 1.77 176,774
2011 45,778,534 502,595 664,588 -161,993 11.0 14.5 -3.5 1.46 1.32 1.80 169,131
2012 45,633,637 520,705663,139-142,434 11.414.5-3.1 1.53 1.39 1.87 153,147
2013 45,553,047 503,657 662,368 -158,711 11.1 14.6 -3.5 1.51 1.37 1.83 147,736
2014 45,426,249 465,882 632,296 -166,414 10.3 14.0 -3.7 1.50 1.35 1.83 116,104
2015 42,929,298 411,781 594,796 -183,015 9.6 13.9 -4.3 1.51 1.39 1.71 106,357
2016 42,760,516 397,037 583,631 -186,594 9.3 13.6 -4.3 1.47 1.36 1.64 101,121
2017 42,584,542 363,987 574,123 -210,136 8.5 13.5 -5.0 1.37 1.28 1.52 94,665
2018 42,386,403 335,874 587,665 -251,791 7.9 13.9 -6.0 1.30 1.22 1.43 46,552
2019 42,153,201 308,817 581,114 -272,297 7.3 13.8 -6.5 1.23 1.16 1.34 74,606
2020 41,902,416 293,457 616,835 -323,378 7.0 14.7 -7.7 1.22 1.13 1.36
2021 41,167,336 271,983 714,263 -442,280 6.6 17.4 -10.8 1.16 1.08 1.29
2022[41] 35,100,000(e) 195,146 541,739 -346,593 5.6 15.4 -9.8
2023[6][7] 34,744,634 194,000 338,515 -242,515 8.6 15.2 -6.6 1.0

Note: Data excludes Crimea starting in 2014.[42]

Current vital statistics

[40]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January 2021 21,931 57,721 −35,790
January 2022 18,062 57,248 −39,186
Difference Decrease −3,869 (−17.64%) Positive decrease −473 (−0.82%) Decrease −3,396

Note: Russia occupied and later annexed the Crimean Peninsula in 2014. The annexation is internationally recognized only by a small number of nations. The Ukrainian statistics Service can no longer provide accurate data on Crimea in the post-2014 period. Therefore, starting from 2014, the territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol are not included in the Demographics of Ukraine, but instead are included to the Demographics of Russia. All data from State Statistics Service of Ukraine.

Structure of the population
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (The Government of Ukraine has informed the United Nations that it is not in a position to provide statistical data concerning the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.): [43]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 19 195 376 22 223 341 41 418 717 100
0–4 871 807 817 549 1 689 356 4.08
5–9 1 184 223 1 113 485 2 297 708 5.55
10–14 1 179 905 1 112 800 2 292 705 5.54
15–19 978 279 923 149 1 901 428 4.59
20–24 1 029 297 969 836 1 999 133 4.83
25–29 1 323 862 1 255 946 2 579 808 6.23
30–34 1 705 251 1 646 672 3 351 923 8.09
35–39 1 758 922 1 739 010 3 497 932 8.45
40–44 1 533 807 1 583 673 3 117 480 7.53
45–49 1 420 874 1 541 601 2 962 475 7.15
50–54 1 269 395 1 447 927 2 717 322 6.56
55–59 1 285 999 1 603 824 2 889 823 6.98
60–64 1 225 350 1 685 084 2 910 434 7.03
65-69 921 671 1 454 610 2 376 281 5.74
70-74 656 532 1 190 134 1 846 666 4.46
75-79 323 037 740 699 1 063 736 2.57
80-84 335 863 874 371 1 210 234 2.92
85-89 113 869 308 482 422 351 1.02
90-94 54 945 164 392 219 337 0.53
95-99 15 892 37 973 53 865 0.13
100+ 6 596 12 124 18 720 0.05
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 3 235 935 3 043 834 6 279 769 15.16
15–64 13 531 036 14 396 722 27 927 758 67.43
65+ 2 428 405 4 782 785 7 211 190 17.41

Regional data

Population by oblast
Population of Ukraine by Oblast as of December 2021
Name of OblastPopulation as of Dec 2021
 Donetsk Oblast4,062,839
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast3,100,320
Kyiv Kyiv City2,952,577
 Kharkiv Oblast2,602,207
 Lviv Oblast2,480,137
 Odesa Oblast2,352,648
 Luhansk Oblast2,104,531
 Kyiv Oblast1,795,099
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast1,640,876
 Vinnytsia Oblast1,511,574
 Poltava Oblast1,354,444
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast1,352,973
 Zakarpattia Oblast1,245,491
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast1,230,507
 Zhytomyr Oblast1,180,638
 Cherkasy Oblast1,162,439
 Rivne Oblast1,142,599
 Mykolaiv Oblast1,093,492
 Sumy Oblast1,037,237
 Ternopil Oblast1,022,625
 Volyn Oblast1,022,107
 Kherson Oblast1,002,923
 Chernihiv Oblast961,054
 Kirovohrad Oblast905,715
 Chernivtsi Oblast891,054
 Ukraine41,208,106

Birth data by oblast

Note: Recent data for Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts has been affected by the war in Donbas, and may only include births within the government-held parts of the oblasts.[44]

Number of births by oblast for January–NovemberBirth/2016Birth/2015Death/2016Death/2015
Kyiv Kyiv City33416 Increase32382 Increase27772 Negative increase27767 Negative increase
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast28473 Decrease30620 Decrease47934 Positive decrease49258 Negative increase
 Lviv Oblast25708 Increase25007 Decrease29247 Positive decrease30010 Negative increase
 Odesa Oblast24246 Decrease25182 Decrease30479 Positive decrease31512 Negative increase
 Kharkiv Oblast21992 Decrease22864 Decrease38502 Positive decrease38965 Negative increase
 Donetsk Oblast17772 Increase15608 Decrease33464 Positive decrease36883 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast17559 Decrease18485 Decrease25623 Positive decrease26046 Negative increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast14862 Decrease15525 Decrease13880 Positive decrease14164 Negative increase
 Rivne Oblast14454 Decrease14809 Decrease13261 Positive decrease13426 Negative increase
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast14430 Decrease15140 Decrease25533 Positive decrease25657 Negative increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast14153 Decrease15126 Decrease22521 Positive decrease23237 Positive decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast13547 Decrease14412 Decrease15616 Positive decrease16144 Negative increase
 Volyn Oblast12047 Decrease12307 Decrease12311 Positive decrease12602 Negative increase
 Zhytomyr Oblast11958 Decrease12526 Decrease18301 Positive decrease19085 Positive decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast11793 Decrease12768 Decrease18097 Positive decrease18702 Negative increase
 Poltava Oblast11503 Decrease12381 Decrease22084 Positive decrease22440 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast9904 Decrease10626 Decrease15834 Positive decrease16316 Negative increase
 Kherson Oblast9877 Decrease10476 Decrease14891 Positive decrease15055 Negative increase
 Cherkasy Oblast9721 Decrease10560 Decrease18437 Negative increase18315 Positive decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast9461 Decrease9851 Decrease10399 Positive decrease10738 Negative increase
 Ternopil Oblast9177 Decrease9912 Decrease13584 Positive decrease13962 Negative increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast8189 Decrease8662 Decrease14810 Negative increase14809 Positive decrease
 Sumy Oblast8169 Decrease8959 Decrease16982 Positive decrease17322 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast7816 Decrease8359 Decrease17515 Positive decrease18199 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast5960 Increase4978 Decrease12689 Positive decrease13401 Positive decrease
Number of births by oblastBirth/2014Birth/2013Birth/2012Birth/2011Death/2014Death/2013Death/2012Death/2011
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast36497 Increase36134 Decrease37087 Increase36116 Increase52722 Negative increase51134 Positive decrease51486 Positive decrease52106 Positive decrease
 Donetsk Oblast35595 Decrease41034 Decrease42839 Increase41720 Increase71799 Negative increase69345 Positive decrease70496 Positive decrease71042 Positive decrease
Kyiv Kyiv City34821 Increase33305 Decrease33887 Increase32068 Decrease29992 Negative increase28003 Negative increase27840 Negative increase27050 Positive decrease
 Lviv Oblast30270 Increase29542 Decrease30220 Increase28904 Increase32450 Negative increase31666 Positive decrease31667 Negative increase31162 Positive decrease
 Odesa Oblast29465 Increase29075 Decrease30384 Increase29225 Increase34155 Negative increase33523 Positive decrease33648 Positive decrease33688 Positive decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast27690 Increase26700 Decrease27244 Increase26317 Increase41891 Negative increase39465 Positive decrease40130 Negative increase40079 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast20900 Increase20511 Decrease20966 Increase20083 Increase28264 Negative increase27198 Negative increase27161 Negative increase26847 Positive decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast18713 Increase18134 Decrease18882 Increase18198 Increase27773 Negative increase26498 Negative increase26406 Positive decrease27033 Positive decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast18377 Decrease18490 Decrease18968 Increase18460 Increase14808 Negative increase14801 Positive decrease14813 Negative increase14588 Positive decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast17547 Increase17437 Decrease18339 Increase17894 Increase25567 Negative increase25453 Negative increase25158 Positive decrease25376 Positive decrease
 Rivne Oblast17169 Decrease17445 Decrease18316 Increase17697 Increase14714 Negative increase14556 Negative increase14302 Negative increase14168 Positive decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast16886 Increase16716 Decrease17101 Increase16497 Increase17670 Negative increase17358 Negative increase16801 Negative increase16657 Positive decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast15115 Increase15001 Decrease15486 Increase15154 Increase21185 Negative increase20859 Negative increase20685 Negative increase20417 Positive decrease
 Volyn Oblast14668 Decrease14700 Decrease15346 Increase14620 Decrease13748 Negative increase13666 Positive decrease13710 Positive decrease13842 Positive decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast14631 Increase14548 Decrease14881 Increase14492 Increase20408 Positive decrease20581 Negative increase20362 Negative increase20116 Positive decrease
 Poltava Oblast14504 Increase14296 Decrease14635 Increase14167 Decrease24784 Negative increase24358 Negative increase24223 Positive decrease24384 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast13076 Increase13043 Decrease13515 Increase13029 Increase17750 Negative increase17353 Negative increase17277 Positive decrease17441 Positive decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast12351 Increase12100 Decrease12798 Increase12473 Increase20800 Negative increase20477 Positive decrease20667 Positive decrease20848 Positive decrease
 Kherson Oblast12308 Increase12300 Decrease12643 Increase12085 Decrease16141 Negative increase16048 Negative increase15904 Negative increase15828 Positive decrease
 Ternopil Oblast11717 Decrease11807 Decrease12202 Increase11964 Increase15180 Negative increase14682 Positive decrease14838 Negative increase14829 Positive decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast11679 Increase11465 Decrease11592 Increase11281 Increase11619 Negative increase11520 Negative increase11321 Positive decrease11192 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast11442 Decrease20531 Decrease21743 Increase21320 Increase22755 Positive decrease35822 Positive decrease36316 Positive decrease37256 Positive decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast10576 Increase10562 Decrease11029 Increase10578 Increase16716 Negative increase16513 Positive decrease16521 Positive decrease16697 Positive decrease
 Sumy Oblast10344 Decrease10411 Decrease11093 Increase10473 Increase19452 Negative increase19219 Negative increase19002 Negative increase18833 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast9552 Decrease9852 Decrease10222 Increase10134 Increase20324 Negative increase19909 Positive decrease20208 Negative increase20179 Positive decrease
Birth rate by oblastBirth/2014Birth/2013Birth/2012Birth/2011Death/2014Death/2013Death/2012Death/2011
 Rivne Oblast14.8 Decrease15.1 Decrease15.9 Increase15.3 Increase12.7 Negative increase12.6 Negative increase12.4 Negative increase12.3 Positive decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast14.6 Decrease14.7 Decrease15.1 Increase14.8 Increase11.8 Steady11.8 Steady11.8 Negative increase11.7 Positive decrease
 Volyn Oblast14.1 Steady14.1 Decrease14.8 Increase14.1 Decrease13.2 Negative increase13.1 Positive decrease13.2 Positive decrease13.3 Positive decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast12.9 Increase12.6 Decrease12.8 Increase12.5 Increase12.8 Negative increase12.7 Negative increase12.5 Negative increase12.4 Positive decrease
 Odesa Oblast12.3 Increase12.1 Decrease12.7 Increase12.2 Increase14.3 Negative increase14.0 Positive decrease14.1 Steady14.1 Positive decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast12.2 Increase12.1 Decrease12.4 Increase12.0 Increase12.8 Negative increase12.6 Negative increase12.2 Negative increase12.1 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast12.1 Increase11.9 Decrease12.2 Increase11.7 Increase16.4 Positive decrease15.8 Steady15.8 Negative increase15.6 Positive decrease
Kyiv Kyiv City12.1 Increase11.7 Decrease12.0 Increase11.4 Decrease10.4 Negative increase9.8 Steady9.8 Negative increase9.6 Positive decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast12.0 Increase11.9 Decrease12.2 Increase11.9 Increase16.8 Negative increase16.5 Negative increase16.3 Negative increase16.0 Positive decrease
 Lviv Oblast11.9 Increase11.6 Decrease11.9 Increase11.4 Increase12.8 Negative increase12.4 Positive decrease12.5 Negative increase12.3 Positive decrease
 Kherson Oblast11.5 Increase11.4 Decrease11.7 Increase11.1 Decrease15.1 Negative increase14.9 Negative increase14.7 Negative increase14.6 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast11.2 Increase11.1 Decrease11.5 Increase11.0 Increase15.2 Negative increase14.8 Negative increase14.7 Positive decrease14.8 Positive decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast11.2 Increase11.1 Decrease11.3 Increase11.0 Increase15.6 Positive decrease15.7 Increase15.5 Negative increase15.2 Positive decrease
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast11.1 Increase11.0 Decrease11.2 Increase10.9 Increase16.0 Negative increase15.5 Steady15.5 Positive decrease15.7 Positive decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast10.9 Increase10.8 Decrease11.2 Increase10.9 Increase15.9 Negative increase15.7 Negative increase15.4 Positive decrease15.5 Positive decrease
 Ternopil Oblast10.9 Decrease11.0 Decrease11.3 Increase11.1 Increase14.2 Negative increase13.7 Positive decrease13.8 Negative increase13.7 Positive decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast10.8 Increase10.7 Decrease11.0 Increase10.5 Increase17.0 Negative increase16.7 Negative increase16.5 Positive decrease16.6 Positive decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast10.6 Increase10.2 Decrease10.6 Increase10.1 Increase15.7 Negative increase14.9 Negative increase14.8 Positive decrease15.0 Positive decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast10.1 Increase9.8 Decrease9.9 Increase9.6 Increase15.3 Negative increase14.4 Positive decrease14.6 Steady14.6 Positive decrease
 Poltava Oblast10.0 Increase9.8 Decrease9.9 Increase9.5 Steady17.1 Negative increase16.7 Negative increase16.5 Negative increase16.4 Positive decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast9.8 Increase9.6 Decrease10.1 Increase9.8 Increase16.5 Negative increase16.2 Steady16.2 Positive decrease16.3 Positive decrease
 Sumy Oblast9.2 Steady9.2 Decrease9.7 Increase9.1 Increase17.2 Negative increase16.9 Negative increase16.6 Negative increase16.3 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast9.0 Decrease9.2 Decrease9.4 Increase9.3 Increase19.2 Negative increase18.6 Positive decrease18.7 Negative increase18.5 Positive decrease
 Donetsk Oblast8.2 Decrease9.4 Decrease9.8 Increase9.5 Increase16.6 Negative increase15.9 Positive decrease16.1 Steady16.1 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast5.1 Decrease9.1 Decrease9.6 Increase9.3 Increase10.2 Positive decrease15.9 Positive decrease16.0 Positive decrease16.3 Positive decrease

Year in review 2013

Compared to 2012, amount of attrition increased by 16,278 persons, or 3.1 to 3.5 persons per 1,000 inhabitants real. Natural decrease was observed in 23 oblasts of the country, while natural increases were recorded only in the capital Kyiv, Zakarpattya, Rivne and Volyn oblast (respectively 5,302, 3,689, 2,889 and 1,034 people).

Some regions registered a low natural decline, such as Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Sevastopol, Lviv, Ternopil, Crimea, Kherson and Odesa (respectively, −55, −642, −863, −2,124, −2,875, −2,974, −3,748 and −4,448 people). The largest declines were recorded in Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipro, Kharkiv, Poltava and Chernihiv (respectively −28,311, −15,291, −15,007, −12,765, −10,062 and −10,057), regions which have in common a low birth rate and high mortality of a large urban population and a strong rural population aging.

Net migration rate

-5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015).

Infant mortality rate
  • 9.1 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,564 deaths. (2010)
  • 9.0 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,511 deaths. (2011)
  • 8.4 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,371 deaths. (2012)
  • 8.0 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,030 deaths. (2013)
  • 8.9 Negative increase deaths/1,000 infants live births for 2,193 death for January–June 2011
  • 8.6 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 2,190 death for January–June 2012
  • 7.8 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 1,993 deaths for January–June 2013[45]
Infant mortality by oblastDeath/2012Death/2011Death/2010Death/2009
 Donetsk Oblast540 Negative increase473 Positive decrease497 Positive decrease533 Steady
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast370 Negative increase343 Positive decrease347 Negative increase329 Positive decrease
 Odesa Oblast267 Positive decrease268 Negative increase263 Positive decrease280 Positive decrease
Kyiv Kyiv City262 Negative increase255 Negative increase233 Positive decrease244 Positive decrease
 Lviv Oblast233 Positive decrease272 Negative increase266 Negative increase238 Positive decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast203 Positive decrease234 Positive decrease243 Positive decrease252 Positive decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast168 Positive decrease195 Positive decrease199 Positive decrease238 Negative increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast166 Positive decrease186 Negative increase148 Positive decrease149 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast165 Positive decrease188 Positive decrease199 Positive decrease252 Positive decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast154 Positive decrease169 Positive decrease182 Negative increase174 Positive decrease
 Rivne Oblast147 Positive decrease156 Positive decrease158 Positive decrease164 Negative increase
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast134 Negative increase89 Positive decrease109 Positive decrease174 Negative increase
 Zhytomyr Oblast124 Positive decrease134 Positive decrease135 Negative increase127 Negative increase
 Cherkasy Oblast122 Negative increase101 Positive decrease125 Positive decrease132 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast119 Positive decrease143 Negative increase140 Positive decrease146 Negative increase
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast109 Positive decrease145 Positive decrease170 Negative increase157 Positive decrease
 Volyn Oblast106 Positive decrease116 Positive decrease123 Negative increase118 Negative increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast103 Positive decrease139 Negative increase112 Positive decrease119 Positive decrease
 Kherson Oblast100 Positive decrease120 Negative increase116 Positive decrease136 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast97 Steady97 Positive decrease104 Positive decrease112 Negative increase
 Ternopil Oblast97 Negative increase96 Positive decrease98 Negative increase93 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast94 Negative increase80 Positive decrease82 Positive decrease103 Negative increase
 Chernivtsi Oblast92 Positive decrease96 Negative increase90 Positive decrease91 Positive decrease
 Poltava Oblast85 Positive decrease86 Positive decrease87 Positive decrease105 Positive decrease
 Sumy Oblast76 Positive decrease78 Positive decrease97 Negative increase91 Positive decrease
Infant mortality per 1,000 by OblastDeath/2012Death/2011Death/2010Death/2009
 Donetsk Oblast12.7 Negative increase11.4 Positive decrease12.0 Positive decrease12.3 Negative increase
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast10.0 Negative increase9.5 Positive decrease9.7 Negative increase8.8 Positive decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast9.6 Negative increase8.1 Positive decrease10.0 Positive decrease10.5 Positive decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast9.4 Positive decrease13.2 Negative increase10.6 Positive decrease10.9 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast9.2 Negative increase7.9 Positive decrease8.1 Positive decrease9.9 Negative increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast9.1 Positive decrease10.4 Negative increase8.4 Positive decrease8.3 Positive decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast9.0 Negative increase6.2 Positive decrease7.5 Positive decrease11.8 Negative increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast8.9 Positive decrease10.6 Positive decrease10.9 Positive decrease13.1 Negative increase
 Odesa Oblast8.8 Positive decrease9.2 Steady9.2 Positive decrease9.7 Positive decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast8.2 Positive decrease9.3 Positive decrease10.1 Negative increase9.4 Positive decrease
 Rivne Oblast8.1 Positive decrease8.9 Positive decrease9.2 Positive decrease9.4 Negative increase
 Kherson Oblast8.0 Positive decrease9.9 Negative increase9.4 Positive decrease11.0 Positive decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast8.0 Positive decrease8.9 Positive decrease9.1 Negative increase8.5 Negative increase
 Chernivtsi Oblast8.0 Positive decrease8.5 Negative increase8.2 Steady8.2 Positive decrease
 Ternopil Oblast8.0 Steady8.0 Positive decrease8.2 Negative increase7.5 Positive decrease
 Lviv Oblast7.8 Positive decrease9.4 Negative increase9.2 Positive decrease8.0 Positive decrease
Kyiv Kyiv City7.8 Positive decrease8.0 Negative increase7.3 Positive decrease7.5 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast7.6 Positive decrease8.8 Positive decrease9.4 Positive decrease11.6 Positive decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast7.5 Positive decrease8.9 Positive decrease9.2 Positive decrease9.3 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast7.3 Positive decrease7.5 Positive decrease8.1 Positive decrease8.5 Negative increase
 Volyn Oblast7.0 Positive decrease7.9 Positive decrease8.2 Negative increase7.7 Negative increase
 Sumy Oblast6.9 Positive decrease7.5 Positive decrease9.3 Negative increase8.5 Positive decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast6.4 Positive decrease8.8 Negative increase10.3 Negative increase9.1 Positive decrease
 Poltava Oblast5.8 Positive decrease6.1 Steady6.1 Positive decrease7.1 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast5.7 Positive decrease7.2 Negative increase7.0 Positive decrease7.1 Positive decrease

Total fertility rate by oblast
Fertility rate in Ukraine by oblast in 2011

Although none of the oblasts in 2013 has recorded a higher fertility rate 2.10 children per woman. However, the rate has been in rural areas in the Rivne Oblast (2.50) and the Volyn Oblast (2.20). While a very close generational renewal rate was achieved in the Odesa Oblast (2.04), Zakarpattia Oblast (2.00), Mykolaiv Oblast (1.95), Chernivtsi Oblast (1.93) and Zhytomyr Oblast (1.91) weaker when they have been recorded in the Luhansk oblast (1.41), Sumy oblast (1.47) and Cherkasy Oblast (1.53).

The fertility rate of the highest urban areas were recorded in the Zakarpattia Oblast (1.80), the city of Sevastopol (1.57), Volyn Oblast (1.56), Kyiv Oblast (1.56) and the Rivne Oblast (1.54). The lowest rates were recorded in the Sumy Oblast (1.23), Kharkiv Oblast (1.26), Cherkasy Oblast (1.28), Chernihiv Oblast (1.28), Chernivtsi Oblast (1.28), Luhansk oblast (1.28), Poltava oblast (1.29), Donetsk oblast (1.29) and Zaporizhzhia Oblast (1.32).

Children born per woman by oblastTotal fertility rate/2020Total fertility rate/2012Total fertility rate/2011Total fertility rate/2010
 Rivne Oblast1.54 Decrease2.08 Increase1.99 Increase1.93 Increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast1.60 Decrease1.95 Increase1.90 Increase1.83 Steady
 Volyn Oblast1.51 Decrease1.92 Increase1.81 Decrease1.85 Decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast1.20 Decrease1.71 Increase1.65 Increase1.61 Increase
 Odesa Oblast1.34 Decrease1.71 Increase1.62 Increase1.58 Steady
 Kyiv Oblast1.18 Decrease1.67 Increase1.58 Steady1.58 Decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast1.30 Decrease1.64 Increase1.58 Increase1.53 Steady
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast1.26 Decrease1.62 Increase1.56 Increase1.55 Decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast1.27 Decrease1.63 Increase1.55 Decrease1.58 Decrease
 Kherson Oblast1.20 Decrease1.61 Increase1.51 Steady1.51 Increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast1.10 Decrease1.61 Increase1.51 Increase1.50 Increase
 Lviv Oblast1.24 Decrease1.58 Increase1.49 Decrease1.50 Decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast1.11 Decrease1.57 Increase1.47 Increase1.44 Decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast1.20 Decrease1.59 Increase1.53 Increase1.50 Decrease
 Ukraine1.22 Decrease1.53 Increase1.46 Increase1.45 Decrease
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast1.09 Decrease1.52 Increase1.44 Increase1.43 Decrease
 Ternopil Oblast1.13 Decrease1.50 Increase1.45 Decrease1.46 Decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast1.03 Decrease1.46 Increase1.37 Increase1.34 Decrease
 Poltava Oblast1.04 Decrease1.41 Increase1.33 Decrease1.34 Increase
 Cherkasy Oblast1.01 Decrease1.43 Increase1.37 Increase1.36 Increase
 Chernihiv Oblast1.02 Decrease1.40 Increase1.36 Steady1.36 Increase
Kyiv Kyiv City1.44 Decrease1.38 Increase1.29 Decrease1.30 Steady
 Donetsk Oblast1.34 Increase1.27 Increase1.26 Decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast0.98 Steady1.32 Increase1.25 Increase1.24 Decrease
 Sumy Oblast0.93 Decrease1.36 Increase1.25 Increase1.23 Decrease
 Luhansk Oblast1.33 Increase1.27 Increase1.23 Decrease

Other demographics statistics
Population pyramid of Ukraine in 1897
Population pyramid of Ukraine in 1926
Population pyramid of Ukraine in 2017
Population change, 1970–2010
Population change, 1970–1979
Population change, 1989–2001
Population change, 1989–2012
Population change of urban settlements, 1970–1989
Population change of urban settlements, 1989–2010

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[46]

  • One birth every 1 minute
  • One death every 48 seconds
  • Net loss of one person every 2 minutes
  • One net migrant every 30 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[27]

Age structure:
0-14 years: 15.95% (male 3,609,386 /female 3,400,349)
15-24 years: 9.57% (male 2,156,338 /female 2,047,821)
25-54 years: 44.03% (male 9,522,108 /female 9,831,924)
55-64 years: 13.96% (male 2,638,173 /female 3,499,718)
65 years and over: 16.49% (male 2,433,718 /female 4,812,764) (2018 est.)
0-14 years: 15.76% (male 3,571,358/female 3,366,380)
15-24 years: 9.86% (male 2,226,142/female 2,114,853)
25-54 years: 44.29% (male 9,579,149/female 9,921,387)
55-64 years: 13.8% (male 2,605,849/female 3,469,246)
65 years and over: 16.3% (male 2,409,049/female 4,770,461) (2017 est.)
0–14 years: 15.1% = 6,449,171 (2015 official.)
15–64 years: 69.3% = 29,634,710
65 years and over: 15.6% = 6,675,780
0–14 years: 14.8% = 6,989,802
15–64 years: 69.2% = 32,603,475
65 years and over: 16.0% = 7,507,185 (2005 official.)
0–14 years: 21.6% = 11,101,469
15–64 years: 66.7% = 34,320,742
65 years and over: 11.7% = 6,022,934 (1989 official.)
Median age
total: 40.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 47th
male: 37.7 years
female: 43.9 years (2018 est.)
total: 40.6 years
male: 37.4 years
female: 43.7 years (2017 est.)
total: 39.8 years
male: 39.7 years
female: 40.1 years (2014 official)
total: 39.7 years
male: 39.5 years
female: 40.1 years (2013 official)
total: 34.8 years
male: 31.9 years
female: 37.7 years (1989 official)
Birth rate
10.1 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 190th
10.3 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Death rate
14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 6th
14.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.55 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 190th
1.54 children born/woman (2017 est.)
Net migration rate
4.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
24.9 years (2014 est.)
Population growth rate
0.04% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 187th
-0.41% (2017 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.4 years. Country comparison to the world: 148th
male: 67.7 years
female: 77.4 years (2018 est.)
Ethnic groups

Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)

Languages

Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.)
Note: in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language" – allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions – was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language.

Religions

Orthodox (includes Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox (UAOC), Ukrainian Orthodox – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Ukrainian Orthodox – Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish
Note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority – up to two-thirds – identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the UOC-KP and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8–10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1–2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population (2013 est.)

Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 44.8 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 21.8 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 23 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 4.3 (2015 est.)
note: data include Crimea
Urbanization
urban population: 69.4% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: -0.33% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 99.8%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.7% (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2014)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 23%. Country comparison to the world: 53rd
male: 24%
female: 21.5% (2016 est.)

Statistic rate of regional capitals
Birth rate in

regional centers

 Birth/2012Birth/2011Birth/2010Birth/2009Birth/2007Birth/2005Birth/2003
Simferopol 13.6 Increase12.8 Increase11.8 Steady11.8 Increase11.0 Increase9.5 Increase9.2 Increase
Lutsk 12.6 Increase12.3 Decrease12.6 Decrease13.9 Increase12.6 Increase11.7 Increase10.0 Increase
Rivne 12.6 Increase12.0 Increase11.8 Decrease12.3 Increase10.9 Increase10.1 Decrease9.4 Increase
Uzhhorod 12.1 Increase11.9 Decrease12.0 Decrease12.4 Increase12.8 Increase12.6 Increase10.8 Decrease
Kyiv 12.0 Increase11.4 Decrease11.5 Decrease11.7 Increase10.4 Increase9.8 Increase8.8 Increase
Khmelnytskyi 12.0 Increase11.2 Decrease11.8 Increase11.5 Increase10.4 Steady10.2 Increase9.2 Increase
Sevastopol 12.0 Increase11.1 Increase11.0 Decrease11.2 Increase10.5 Increase9.6 Increase8.7 Increase
Kherson 11.9 Increase11.1 Increase10.1 Increase10.5 Increase9.6 Steady8.6 Decrease8.5 Increase
Ternopil 11.8 Decrease12.2 Increase11.7 Decrease12.3 Increase11.9 Increase11.6 Increase10.4 Increase
Ivano-Frankivsk 11.6 Steady11.6 Increase10.1 Decrease10.8 Decrease11.3 Increase10.7 Increase9.3 Increase
Vinnytsia 11.5 Increase11.2 Increase10.9 Decrease11.1 Increase10.1 Increase9.4 Increase9.1 Increase
Kropyvnytskyi 11.5 Increase11.1 Increase10.5 Decrease11.3 Decrease10.5 Increase8.9 Increase8.4 Decrease
Zhytomyr 11.4 Decrease11.5 Increase10.8 Decrease11.7 Increase10.6 Increase9.5 Increase8.7 Increase
Sumy 11.3 Increase10.3 Increase10.0 Decrease10.3 Decrease9.6 Increase8.2 Increase7.8 Increase
Lviv 11.0 Increase10.4 Increase10.0 Decrease10.5 Increase9.7 Increase9.3 Decrease9.0 Increase
Ukraine Urban 10.9 Increase10.5 Increase10.4 Decrease10.8 Steady9.9 Increase8.9 Steady8.3 Increase
Dnipro 10.5 Increase10.2 Increase10.0 Decrease10.5 Steady9.4 Increase8.5 Increase7.9 Increase
Luhansk 10.5 Increase9.8 Increase8.8 Decrease9.2 Decrease8.2 Increase7.4 Decrease6.8 Increase
Chernivtsi 10.2 Decrease10.3 Increase10.1 Decrease10.2 Decrease9.2 Increase9.6 Increase8.3 Increase
Odesa 10.1 Increase9.8 Increase9.6 Decrease9.9 Decrease9.0 Increase8.3 Increase7.5 Decrease
Cherkasy 9.9 Increase9.4 Steady9.4 Steady9.4 Decrease8.7 Increase7.8 Steady7.4 Decrease
Poltava 9.9 Increase9.1 Increase8.8 Decrease9.7 Decrease8.4 Increase7.8 Increase7.3 Increase
Zaporizhzhia 9.5 Increase9.2 Steady9.2 Decrease9.3 Decrease8.9 Increase8.2 Increase7.5 Decrease
Mykolaiv 9.4 Increase9.3 Increase9.1 Decrease9.4 Decrease8.7 Increase8.0 Decrease7.9 Increase
Chernihiv 9.3 Increase9.2 Increase9.1 Decrease9.6 Steady8.4 Increase8.0 Increase7.6 Increase
Kharkiv 9.2 Increase8.9 Increase8.8 Decrease9.2 Decrease8.4 Increase7.6 Increase7.1 Increase
Donetsk 9.1 Increase8.7 Increase8.6 Decrease9.0 Decrease8.2 Increase7.5 Increase6.6 Increase
Death rate in

regional centers

 Death/2012Death/2011Death/2010Death/2009Death/2007Death/2005Death/2003
Kherson 15.2 Positive decrease15.6 Negative increase14.0 Positive decrease14.2 Positive decrease14.9 Positive decrease14.8 Positive decrease14.5 Positive decrease
Luhansk 14.2 Positive decrease14.3 Negative increase13.6 Negative increase13.4 Positive decrease13.8 Positive decrease14.2 Positive decrease14.1 Negative increase
Simferopol 14.0 Positive decrease14.8 Negative increase13.6 Positive decrease13.8 Positive decrease15.3 Steady15.3 Negative increase15.2 Positive decrease
Sevastopol 13.7 Positive decrease14.1 Positive decrease14.7 Negative increase14.5 Positive decrease15.5 Negative increase15.4 Negative increase14.1 Negative increase
Kropyvnytskyi 13.7 Steady13.7 Positive decrease13.8 Positive decrease14.0 Positive decrease14.4 Negative increase14.1 Steady14.1 Negative increase
Dnipro 13.5 Positive decrease13.7 Positive decrease14.1 Negative increase13.8 Positive decrease15.1 Steady15.1 Positive decrease16.0 Positive decrease
Donetsk 13.4 Positive decrease13.5 Positive decrease14.0 Negative increase13.9 Positive decrease15.2 Positive decrease15.4 Negative increase14.7 Negative increase
Zaporizhzhia 13.2 Positive decrease13.4 Positive decrease14.2 Negative increase13.8 Positive decrease15.0 Negative increase14.7 Negative increase14.2 Positive decrease
Ukraine Urban 13.1 Steady13.1 Positive decrease13.7 Steady13.7 Positive decrease14.7 Negative increase14.8 Negative increase14.3 Negative increase
Mykolaiv 12.8 Steady12.8 Positive decrease13.8 Steady13.8 Positive decrease14.5 Steady14.5 Positive decrease14.9 Negative increase
Poltava 12.8 Negative increase12.6 Positive decrease13.2 Negative increase13.0 Positive decrease13.7 Negative increase13.6 Steady13.6 Negative increase
Sumy 12.1 Negative increase11.9 Positive decrease12.4 Positive decrease12.6 Positive decrease13.0 Positive decrease13.1 Negative increase11.9 Positive decrease
Kharkiv 12.0 Negative increase11.8 Positive decrease12.4 Negative increase12.2 Positive decrease13.1 Steady13.1 Negative increase13.0 Positive decrease
Odesa 11.9 Positive decrease12.2 Positive decrease13.0 Negative increase12.5 Positive decrease13.9 Negative increase14.1 Positive decrease14.0 Positive decrease
Cherkasy 11.2 Negative increase10.7 Positive decrease11.3 Negative increase11.2 Positive decrease11.7 Steady11.7 Negative increase11.0 Positive decrease
Chernihiv 11.4 Negative increase11.1 Positive decrease12.0 Negative increase11.8 Positive decrease12.5 Positive decrease12.4 Negative increase12.0 Positive decrease
Lviv 11.0 Negative increase10.8 Negative increase10.5 Positive decrease10.8 Positive decrease11.5 Negative increase11.4 Positive decrease11.5 Negative increase
Zhytomyr 10.7 Positive decrease10.9 Positive decrease11.2 Negative increase11.1 Positive decrease12.0 Positive decrease12.2 Negative increase11.4 Negative increase
Uzhhorod 10.3 Negative increase10.2 Positive decrease10.5 Positive decrease11.3 Positive decrease12.0 Positive decrease12.4 Negative increase10.3 Negative increase
Kyiv 9.8 Negative increase9.6 Positive decrease10.3 Negative increase10.2 Positive decrease11.4 Negative increase11.2 Negative increase10.7 Negative increase
Lutsk 9.6 Negative increase9.4 Positive decrease9.6 Negative increase9.1 Positive decrease10.4 Negative increase10.2 Positive decrease10.5 Negative increase
Chernivtsi 9.5 Negative increase9.4 Positive decrease9.9 Positive decrease10.3 Positive decrease11.0 Steady11.0 Negative increase10.8 Negative increase
Khmelnytskyi 9.4 Negative increase8.8 Positive decrease9.0 Positive decrease9.5 Negative increase9.8 Steady9.8 Negative increase9.2 Negative increase
Vinnytsia 9.1 Negative increase9.0 Positive decrease9.2 Steady9.2 Positive decrease10.2 Steady10.2 Negative increase10.0 Negative increase
Ivano-Frankivsk 9.1 Negative increase8.7 Negative increase8.2 Positive decrease8.5 Positive decrease9.1 Positive decrease9.3 Steady9.3 Negative increase
Ternopil 8.1 Negative increase7.6 Positive decrease8.1 Negative increase7.7 Positive decrease8.5 Steady8.5 Negative increase7.7 Positive decrease
Rivne 7.9 Negative increase7.8 Positive decrease8.7 Negative increase8.6 Positive decrease9.0 Negative increase9.2 Negative increase8.8 Positive decrease

Ethnic groups
National structure of the population of Ukraine (2001).
  Ukrainians
  Russians
  Others

In 2001, the ethnic composition was: Ukrainians 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Romanian 1.1% (including Moldovan 0.8%), Belarusian 0.6%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 1.0%, Pontic Greeks 0.2% and other 1.6% (including Muslim Bulgarians, otherwise known as Torbesh and a microcosm of Swedes of Gammalsvenskby).[47] It is also estimated that there are about 49,817 ethnic Koreans (0.12%) in Ukraine that belong to the Koryo-saram group. Their number may be as high as 100,000 as many ethnic Koreans were assimilated into the majority population.[48][49] Rusyns are also not recognised by the Ukrainian government as a distinct ethnic group and are instead treated as a sub-group of Ukrainians.[50]

Ethnic Ukrainians in Ukraine by raions (2001 census)
Largest ethnicity in Ukraine's cities and raions, according to 2001 census.

Before World War II
Population of the Ukrainian SSR according to ethnic group 1926–1939
Ethnic
group		 census 19261 census 19392
Number  % Number  %
Ukrainians 23,218,860 80.0 23,667,509 76.5
Russians 2,677,166 9.2 4,175,299 13.5
Jewish 1,574,428 5.4 1,532,776 5.0
Germans 393,924 1.4 392,458 1.3
Polish 476,435 1.6 357,710 1.2
Moldavians / Romanians 257,794 0.9 230,698 0.8
Belarusians 75,842 0.3 158,174 0.5
Pontic Greeks 104,666 0.4 107,047 0.4
Bulgarians 99,278 0.3 83,838 0.3
Tatars 22,281 0.1 55,456 0.2
Romani 13,578 0.0 10,443 0.0
Others 103,935 0.4 174,810 0.6
Total 29,018,187 30,946,218
1 Source:.[51]

After World War II
Population of Ukraine according to ethnic group 1959–2001
Ethnic
group		 census 19591 census 19702 census 19793 census 19894 census 20015
Number  % Number  % Number  % Number  % Number  %
Ukrainians 32,158,493 76.8 35,283,857 74.9 36,488,951 73.6 37,419,053 72.7 37,541,693 77.5
Russians 7,090,813 16.9 9,126,331 19.4 10,471,602 21.1 11,355,582 22.1 8,334,141 17.2
Romanians / Moldovans 391,753 1.1 378,043 1.1 415,371 1.1 459,350 1.2 409,608 1.1
Belarusians 290,890 0.7 385,847 0.8 406,098 0.8 440,045 0.9 275,763 0.6
Crimean Tatars 193 0.0 3,554 0.0 6,636 0.0 46,807 0.1 248,193 0.5
Bulgarians 219,419 0.5 234,390 0.5 238,217 0.5 233,800 0.5 204,574 0.4
Hungarians 149,229 0.4 157,731 0.3 164,373 0.3 163,111 0.3 156,566 0.3
Poles 363,297 0.9 295,107 0.6 258,309 0.5 219,179 0.4 144,130 0.3
Jewish 840,311 2.0 777,126 1.7 634,154 1.3 486,628 1.0 103,591 0.2
Armenians 28,024 0.1 33,439 0.1 38,646 0.1 54,200 0.1 99,894 0.2
Greeks 104,359 0.3 106,909 0.2 104,091 0.2 98,594 0.2 91,548 0.2
Tatars 61,334 0.2 72,658 0.2 83,906 0.2 86,875 0.2 73,304 0.2
Romani 22,515 0.1 30,091 0.1 34,411 0.1 47,917 0.1 47,587 0.1
Azerbaijanis 6,680 0.0 10,769 0.0 17,235 0.0 36,961 0.1 45,176 0.1
Georgians 11,574 0.0 14,650 0.0 16,301 0.0 23,540 0.1 34,199 0.1
Germans 23,243 0.1 29,871 0.1 34,139 0.1 37,849 0.1 33,302 0.1
Gagauz 23,530 0.1 26,464 0.1 29,398 0.1 31,967 0.1 31,923 0.1
Karaites 3,301 0.0 2,596 0.0 1,845 0.0 1,404 0.0 1,196 0.0
Others 129,338 0.3 157,084 0.3 165,650 0.3 209,172 0.4 363,821 1.1
Total 41,869,046 47,126,517 49,609,333 51,452,034 48,240,902
1 Source:.[52] 2 Source:.[53] 3 Source:.[54] 4 Source:.[55] 5 Source: .

Ethnic Groups in Ukraine 2001[56]

  Ukrainian (77.8%)
  Russian (17.3%)
  Belarusian (0.6%)
  Moldovan (0.5%)
  Crimean Tatar (0.5%)
  Bulgarian (0.4%)
  Hungarian (0.3%)
  Romanian (0.3%)
  Polish (0.3%)
  Jewish (0.2%)
  Other (1.8%)

Languages
Main article: Languages of Ukraine

According to the 2001 census, the following languages are common in Ukraine: Ukrainian 67.5%, Russian 29.6%, Crimean Tatar, Urum (Turkic Greeks), Bulgarian, Moldovan/Romanian, Polish, Hungarian. The below table gives the total population of various ethnic groups in Ukraine and the primary language, according to the 2001 census.[47]

Primary language by ethnic group
Ethnic group Population Native Ukrainian Russian Other
Ukrainians 37,541,693 31,970,728 – 5,544,729 532
Russians 8,334,141 7,993,832 328,152 – 402
Moldovans 258,619 181,124 27,775 45,607 1242
Belarusians 275,763 54,573 48,202 172,251
Crimean Tatars 248,193 228,373 184 15,208 43
Bulgarians 204,574 131,237 10,277 62,067 9
Hungarians 156,566 149,431 5,367 1,513 14
Romanians 150,989 138,522 9,367 2,297 170
Polish 144,130 18,660 102,268 22,495 390
Hebrew 103,591 3,213 13,924 85,964 16
Armenians 99,894 50,363 5,798 43,105 11
Greeks 91,548 5,829 4,359 80,992 9
Tatars 73,304 25,770 3,310 43,060 6
Koreans 49,817 2,223 37,932 9,662 0
Romani people 47,587 21,266 10,039 6,378 6
Azerbaijanis 45,176 23,958 3,224 16,968 36
Georgians 34,199 12,539 2,818 18,589 15
Germans 33,302 4,056 7,360 21,549 20
Gagauz 31,923 22,822 1,102 7,232 2
Uzbeks 12,353 3,604 1,818 5,996 0
Chuvash 10,593 2,268 564 7,636 1
Mordvinians 9,331 1,473 646 7,168 0
Turks 8,844 7,923 133 567 0
Lithuanians 7,207 1,932 1,029 4,182 4
Arabs 6,575 4,071 897 1,235 0
Slovaks 6,397 2,633 2,665 335 0
Czechs 5,917 1,190 2,503 2,144 2
Kazakhs 5,526 1,041 822 3,470 11
Latvians 5,079 957 872 3,188 1
Ossetians 4,834 1,150 401 3,110 4
Udmurts 4,712 729 380 3,515 0
Lezghinians 4,349 1,507 330 2,341 4
Tadjiks 4,255 1,521 488 1,983 0
Bashkirs 4,253 843 336 2,920 0
Mari people 4,130 1,059 264 2,758 7
Thai 3,850 3,641 29 164 0
Turkmens 3,709 719 1,079 1,392 0
Albanians 3,308 1,740 301 1,181 0
Assyrians 3,143 883 408 1,730 0
Chechens 2,877 1,581 212 977 0
Estonians 2,868 416 321 2,107 4
Chinese people 2,213 1,817 73 307 0
Kurds 2,088 1,173 236 396 0
Darghins 1,610 409 199 955 0
Komis 1,545 330 127 1,046 0
Karelians 1,522 96 145 1,244 1
Avars 1,496 582 121 761 0
Peoples of India and Pakistan 1,483 1,092 26 192 0
Abkhazians 1,458 317 268 797 0
Karaites 1,196 72 160 931 0
Komi-Permians 1,165 160 79 898 1
Kyrgyz people 1,128 208 221 617 19
Laks 1,019 199 271 514 13
Afghans 1,008 551 60 213 0
other 3,228 1,027 144 790 0
NA 188,639 0 1,108 1,844 1
Native languages according to 2001 census
Ukrainian Russian Romanian and Moldovan
Crimean Tatar Bulgarian Hungarian

Religion
Main article: Religion in Ukraine

A 2018 survey conducted by the Razumkov Centre found that 71.7% of the population declared themselves believers in any religion, while 4.7% declared themselves non-believers, and 3.0% declared to be atheists.[57] Of the total Ukrainian population, 87.4% declared to be Christians, comprising a 67.3% who declared to be Eastern Orthodox, 10.2% Catholic (split into 9.4% Ukrainian Greek Catholics and 0.8% Latin Catholics), 7.7% "Christians", and 2.2% Protestants. Judaism comprises 0.4% of the population. In earlier surveys around 1-2% of the population stated that they adhere to Islam.

According to data from 2018 among those Ukrainians who declared to believe in Orthodoxy, 28.7% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate (being incorporated as of the 5 January 2019 into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine), while 12.8% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscovian Patriarchate (which is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox church under the Russian Orthodox Church). A further 0.3% were members of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which, like the Kyivan Patriarchate, where incorporated in 2019 into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the remaining Orthodox Ukrainians, 23.4% declared to be "simply Orthodox", without affiliation to any patriarchate, while a further 1.9% declared that they "did not know" which patriarchate or Orthodox church they belonged to.[57]

Regional differences

Regional differences in population change
Natural population growth rates by oblast (2009).

Between the Soviet census of 1989 and the Ukrainian census of 2001, Ukraine's population declined from 51,706,600 to 48,457,020,[58] a loss of 2,926,700 people or 5.7% of the 1989 population. However, this trend has been quite uneven and varied regionally. Two regions in western Ukraine — Rivne and Zakarpattia, saw slight population increases of 0.3% and 0.5% respectively. A third western Ukrainian region, Volyn, lost less than 0.1% of its population between 1989 and 2001.[58] Collectively, between 1989 and 2001 the seven westernmost regions of Ukraine lost 167,500 people or 1.7% of their 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 9,593,800.[58]

Between 1989 and 2001, the population of Kyiv City increased by 0.3%[58] due to positive net-migration. Outside the capital, the central, southern and eastern regions experienced a severe decline in population. Between 1989 and 2001, the Donetsk region lost 491,300 people or 9.2% of its 1989 population, and neighbouring Luhansk region lost 11% of its population.[58] Chernihiv region, in central Ukraine northeast of Kyiv, lost 170,600 people or 12% of its 1989 population, the highest percentage loss in of any region in Ukraine. In southern Ukraine, Odesa region lost 173,600 people, or 6.6% of its 1989 population. By 2001, Crimea's population declined by 29,900 people, representing only 1.4% loss of the 1989 population.[58]

However, this was due to the influx of approximately 200,000 Crimean Tatars – a number equivalent to approximately 10% of Crimea's 1989 population – who arrived in Crimea after 1989 and whose population in that region increased by a factor of 6.4 from 38,000 to 243,400 between 1989 and 2001.[59] Collectively, the net population loss in the regions of Ukraine outside the westernmost regions was 2,759,200 people or 6.6% of the 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 39,186,100.[58]

Thus, from 1989–2001 the pattern of population change was one of slight growth in Kyiv, slight declines in western Ukraine, large declines in eastern, central and southern Ukraine and a relatively small decline in Crimea due to a large influx of Crimean Tatars.

Natural population growth
All population, 2012 Urban population, 2009 Rural population, 2009

Regional differences in birth and fertility rates

Ukraine's total fertility rate is one of the lowest in Europe.[60][61] However, significant regional differences in birth rates may account for some of the demographic differences. In the third quarter of 2007, for instance, the highest birth rate among Ukrainian regions occurred in Volyn Oblast, with a birth rate of 13.4/1,000 people, compared to the Ukrainian country-wide average of 9.6/1,000 people.[62] Volyn's birthrate is higher than the average birth rate of any European country with the exceptions of Iceland and Albania.[63]

In 2007, for the first time since 1990, five Ukrainian regions (Zakarpattia Oblast, Rivne Oblast, Volyn Oblast, Lviv Oblast, and Kyiv Oblast) experienced more births than deaths.[64] This demonstrates a positive trend of increasing birthrates in the last couple of years throughout Ukraine. The ratio of births to deaths in those regions in 2007 was 119%, 117%, 110%, 100.7%, and 108%, respectively.[64]

With the exception of Kyiv region, all of the regions with more births than deaths were in the less industrially developed regions of western Ukraine. According to a spokesperson for Ukraine's Ministry of Justice, the overall ratio of births to deaths in Ukraine had improved from 1 to 1.7 in 2004–2005 to 1 to 1.4 in 2008. However, the worst birth to death ratios in the country were in the eastern and central oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Cherkasy and Poltava. In these regions, for every birth there were 2.1 deaths.[65]

Notably, western Ukraine never experienced the Holodomor, as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania ruled it at the time, helping to explain the better demographics there, as the rural population was never devastated. Specifically, during the time of the Holodomor, Poland ruled Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil, and Volyn Oblasts, whereas Zakarpattia Oblast was under Czechoslovak rule, and Romania controlled Chernivtsi Oblast and the Budjak section of Odesa Oblast.

Abortion behavior in the North, South, East and Center regions of Ukraine are relatively homogeneous while the Western region differs greatly. Overall, the abortion rate in western Ukraine is three times lower than in other regions; however this is not due to an increased use of modern contraceptive methods in the West, but simply due to the fact that pregnant women in the Western regions are more likely to keep their babies.[66] Donetsk and Dniproptrovsk oblasts in eastern and central Ukraine have the country's highest rate of abortions.[67]

Natural population growth
The birth rate in Ukraine, 2003. The birth rate in Ukraine, 2010. The death rate in Ukraine, 2010.

Regional differences and death rates and health
Death rate from suicides per 100.000 people

Death rates also vary widely by region; Eastern and southern Ukraine have the highest death rates in the country, and the life expectancy for children born in Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kherson, Kropyvnytskyi, Luhansk, Mikolaiv, and Odesa regions is 1.5 years lower than the national average.[68]

Ukraine had a suicide rate of 16.5 per 100,000 population in 2017, a significant decrease from the suicide rate of 29.6 per 100,000 in 1998. Suicides are more frequent in the central part of the country (the highest suicide rates was in Kirovohrad Oblast; In western Ukraine, the suicide rate was lower than the national average. Lviv Oblast has the lowest suicide rate – 5.3[69]

The Southern and eastern Ukrainian regions also suffer from the highest rates of HIV and AIDS, which impacts life expectancy. In late 2000, 60% of all AIDS cases in Ukraine were concentrated in the Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, and Donetsk regions.[70] A major reason for this is the fact that the urbanized and industrialized regions in the East and South of Ukraine suffered most from the economic crisis in the 1990s, which in turn led to the spread of unemployment, alcoholism, and drug abuse, thus setting the conditions for wider spread of the epidemic.[71]

Regional differences in income
Average Monthly Salary by region in US dollars, 2019.

The western and central regions of Ukraine had lower GDP per capita than Kyiv and the industrialized eastern regions of Ukraine. In December 2019 the average monthly salary in Ukraine was 12,264 hryvnias (or 519 US dollars). Chernihiv oblast (northern Ukraine) and Kirovohrad Oblast (central Ukraine), had the lowest monthly salary of 8,851 and 9,450 hryvnias, respectively. In contrast, the monthly wage in the city of Kyiv was 18,869 hryvnias per month, and in Kyiv oblast – 13,259 per month.[72] In 2013, outside of the capital city of Kyiv, the wealthiest region was Donetsk Oblast with annual income 31,048 hryvnias. But as of 2017, Donetsk Oblast ranks as the second poorest after Luhansk Oblast with annual incomes 25,278 hryvnias and 16,416 hryvnias respectively.[73] Both are in the eastern Ukraine and have sustained direct losses as a consequence of military actions.

Ukraine recorded one of the sharpest declines in poverty of any transition economy in 2001–2016 years. The poverty rate, measured against an absolute poverty line (below $1.25 per day in dollars, based on World Bank) fell from a high of 32 percent in 2001 to 8 percent in 2005. In terms of poverty rates, the central and northern regions have the country's highest poverty rates – 10.0%. The western and southern regions – 9.1% and 9% respectively. Kyiv City had the lowest poverty rate – 1.4%.[74] Percent of population living under $5.50 a day was 19% in 2005 and dropped to 4.0 percent in 2018.[75][76]

Urbanization
Urbanization rate, 2011 Population density, 2013 Median population of rural settlements, 2011

Migration
Migration growth rate in 2012 (per 1,000).

Emigration

Ukraine is the major source of migrants in many of the member states of the European Union. During the 1990s and early 2000s, Ukraine's sputtering economy and political instability contributed to rising emigration, especially to nearby Poland and Hungary, but also to other countries like Italy, Portugal, Spain, Israel and Canada. Although estimates vary, approximately two to three million Ukrainian citizens are currently working abroad, in construction, service, housekeeping, and agriculture industries.

Between 1991 and 2004, the government counted 2,537,400 individuals who emigrated; 1,897,500 moved to other post-Soviet states, and 639,900 moved to other, mainly Western, states.[77]

By the early 2000s, Ukrainian embassies reported that 300,000 Ukrainian citizens were working in Poland, 200,000 in Italy, approximately 200,000 in the Czech Republic, 150,000 in Portugal, 100,000 in Spain, 35,000 in Turkey, 20,000 in the United States and small significant numbers in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. The largest number of Ukrainian workers abroad, about one million, are in the Russian Federation. Since 1992, 232,072 persons born in Ukraine have emigrated to the US.

From the point of view of the economic impact on natives, more appropriate than the absolute numbers is the volume of immigration as a proportion of the native population. Italy has the highest rate of Ukrainian emigrants as a proportion of the native population, while the much larger Russia has the largest absolute confirmed number of Ukrainian emigrants (leaving aside Poland, Portugal and the Czech Republic, for which there is conflicting data).

Immigration

Between 1991 and 2003, about 100,000 illegal immigrants were detained at the western borders.[78] In 2005, about 5,000 illegal immigrants are detained yearly. Most of these are Asian immigrants from China, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.[78] At the time about 3,000 officially registered refugees resided in Ukraine, of whom most were Afghans.[78]

Ukraine accepted some 62,000 refugees from Transnistria following its war in 1992.[78] Thousands were also accepted during decade from other post-Soviet conflicts in Abkhazia, Chechnya and Tajikistan.[78]

Results between the 1989 Soviet census and the 2001 census showed an increased number of CIS people in Ukraine from regions witnessing war. The number of Armenians in Ukraine almost doubled to 99,900 people during this period, while the number of Georgians and Azerbaijanis also had substantial increases.[78]

As of April 2020, 1.4 million Ukrainians are internally displaced due to the ongoing war in Donbas.[79]

See also

General:

Notes
    1. Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.

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