Ulvöspinel

Ulvöspinel or ulvite is an iron titanium oxide mineral with formula: Fe₂TiO₄ or TiFe²⁺₂O₄. It forms brown to black metallic isometric crystals with a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6. It belongs to the spinel group of minerals, as does magnetite, Fe₃O₄.

Ulvöspinel
Ulvöspinel from Apollo 12 landing site, Oceanus Procellarum (Ocean of Storms)
General
Category	Oxide minerals Spinel group Spinel structural group
Formula (repeating unit)	TiFe2+2O4
IMA symbol	Uspl
Strunz classification	4.BB.05
Crystal system	Cubic
Crystal class	Hexoctahedral (m3m) H-M symbol: (4/m 3 2/m)
Space group	Fd3m
Identification
Color	Iron-black, brown in reflected light
Crystal habit	Commonly as an exsolution in magnetite
Mohs scale hardness	5.5 - 6.0
Luster	Metallic
Diaphaneity	Opaque
Specific gravity	4.78
References	[1][2][3][4]

Ulvöspinel forms as solid solutions with magnetite at high temperatures and reducing conditions, and grains crystallized from some basalt-gabbro magmas are rich in the ulvöspinel component. The ulvöspinel component tends to oxidize to magnetite plus ilmenite during subsolidus cooling of the host rocks, and the ilmenite so produced may form apparent exsolution (trellis type) laminae in magnetite. The texture was once interpreted as indicating solid solution between ilmenite and magnetite, until the oxidation reaction and resultant textures were reproduced in laboratory experiments first described by Buddington and Lindsley (1964, Journal of Petrology 5, p. 310-357). The results are important to plate tectonics because magnetite is an important recorder of rock magnetism.

Ulvöspinel was first described by Fredrik Mogensen (1904-1978) [5] from a dolerite layered intrusion in the Ulvö Islands, Ångermanland, Sweden in 1943. The locality is an iron, titanium and vanadium mining area that has been active since the 17th century.[6] It is common in titaniferous magnetite iron ore deposits. It also occurs in kimberlites, in some reduced iron-bearing basalts and is common in lunar basalts.