Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi

Umm ʿĪsā bint Mūsā al-Hādī (Arabic: أم عيسى بنت موسى الهادي) was an Abbasid dynasty princess, daughter of caliph al-Hadi, niece of caliph Harun al-Rashid and principal wife of al-Ma'mun, the seventh caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi
أم عيسى بنت موسى الهادي
Zawjat al khalifa
Consort of the Abbasid caliph
PredecessorLubana bint Ali ibn al-Mahdi
SuccessorKhadija bint al-Hasan ibn Sahl
Bornc. 783/85
Baghdad or Haditha, Abbasid Caliphate
Died830s
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
Burial
Baghdad
SpouseAl-Ma'mun
Children
  • Muhammad al-Asghar ibn al-Ma'mun
  • Abd Allah ibn al-Ma'mun
DynastyAbbasid
FatherMusa al-Hadi
ReligionIslam

Umm Isa was the daughter of Al-Hadi (r.785–786) from one of his concubine. She was born around 783 or 785. She spend her childhood in Baghdad. She was a young child when her father died in 786. Her father was succeeded by her uncle Harun al-Rashid. Her uncle took care of her and her brothers after al-Hadi's death.

Al-Ma'mun married his first wife Umm Isa, the daughter of his uncle al-Hadi, whom he married when he was eighteen years old. They had two sons, Muhammad al-Asghar, and Abd Allah.[1] This marriage was arranged during Harun al-Rashid's reign. Also, The two sons of al-Hadi, Isma'il and Ja'far married Harun-Rashid's daughters, Hamdunah and Fatimah respectively.[2] Thus, the two daughters of Harun were also cousins and sister-in-laws of Umm Isa. She lived a secluded life in the Caliph's harem, only a few things is known about her.

Umm Isa was one or two years older than her husband al-Ma'mun. Her husband was born on the same day when her father died and her uncle ascended to the Caliphate.

Her uncle, caliph Harun al-Rashid had nominated his two elder sons Al-Amin and al-Ma'mun as heir. Already in 792, Harun had Muhammad receive the oath of allegiance (bay'ah) with the name of al-Amin ("The Trustworthy"), effectively marking him out as his main heir, while Abd Allah was not named second heir, under the name al-Maʾmūn ("The Trusted One") until 799.[3][1] Her husband al-Ma'mun became caliph after the death of her cousin and brother-in-law al-Amin. In 813, al-Amin was beheaded, and al-Maʾmūn became the undisputed Caliph.[4]

Family

Umm Isa was related to the Abbasid ruling House both maternally and paternally. She was contemporary to several Abbasid caliphs, Abbasid prince and Princesses.

No. Abbasids Relation
1 Musa al-Hadi Father
2 Harun al-Rashid Uncle and Father-in-law
3 Al-Amin Cousin and Brother-in-law
4 Al-Ma'mun Husband
5 Muhammad al-Asghar Elder son
6 Abdallah ibn al-Ma'mun Second son
7 Hamdunah bint Harun al-Rashid Sister-in-law
8 Fatimah bint Harun al-Rashid Sister-in-law
9 Jafar ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
10 Al-Abbas ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
11 Abdallah ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
12 Ishaq ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
13 Isma'il ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
14 Sulayman ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
15 Musa ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
16 Umm al-Abbas bint Musa al-Hadi Sister

References

  1. Rekaya 1991, p. 331.
  2. Abbott 1946, pp. 157.
  3. Gabrieli 1960, p. 437.
  4. Kennedy, Hugh (1986). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates (2nd ed.). London and New York: Pearson Longman. pp. 148–150. ISBN 0-582-49312-9.

Sources

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