Uncancylus concentricus

Uncancylus concentricus
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia; clade Euthyneura; clade Panpulmonata; clade Hygrophila
Superfamily:	Planorboidea
Family:	Planorbidae
Subfamily:	Planorbinae
Tribe:	Ancylini
Genus:	Uncancylus
Species:	U. concentricus
Binomial name
	Uncancylus concentricus; (d'Orbigny, 1835)
Synonyms
	Gundlachia concentrica d'Orbigny, 1835; Uncancylus calverti Pilsbry, 1913; Hebetancylus culicoides Simone, 2006;

Uncancylus concentricus is a species of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

Distribution

U. concentricus occurs in Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.[1][2] The species' type locality, according to d'Orbigny (1835), is close to Montevideo, near the island Isla de Ratas, at the mouth of the Río de la Plata.[3][4]

Description

U. concentricus has a high, thin, transparent shell, with growth lines and radial ribs,[4][5] which may in certain cases appear somewhat fuzzy, especially when it inhabits torrential environments.[4] The apex is acute, quite recurved, moved back from the midpoint and flexed on the right side. The aperture is oval, broad, with somewhat wavy edges. The colour is typically light brown to tawny. The radula has a central bicuspid tooth, with the left cusp predominating and hinting at the birth of two others, one on each side.[6] The lateral tooth has three rather noticeable cusps and a fourth, very small outer cusp.

The species is hermaphrodite; the genitalia are a key diagnostic character at the species level. The ovotestis contains around 25 follicles and the seminal vesicle is located in the middle portion of the ovisperm duct. The prostate usually has five elongated follicles.[4][5]

Habitat and ecology

U. concentricus inhabits shady places on rocks or leaves of aquatic plants, leaves in the process of decomposition, including submerged tree trunks.[4] It occurs in springs, mountainous streams, and medium-sized rivers.[1] It may also be found in stagnant waters, lakes or ponds where a surface that allows adhesion exists; no specimens were observed on silty or sandy substrates. Dos Santos (2003) has associated the species with environments with little current, not polluted, with meso- to oligotrophic features.[4][5]

U. concentricus associates with the roots of the common Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and can withstand periods of low water in lentic habitats.[7] It also associates with Chaetogaster sp., Carchesium sp. (Ciliophora) and green hydra and algae that grow densely on its shell.[4]

Regarding parasitism, U. concentricus has been reported to act as the intermediate host of several families of Trematoda (Digenea).[4]

References

Pastorino, G. & Darrigan, G. (2011). "Uncancylus concentricus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T188906A8660816. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T188906A8660816.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
Scarabino, F. (2004). "Lista sistemática de los Gastropoda dulciacuícolas vivientes de Uruguay" (PDF). Comunicaciones de la Sociedad Malacológica del Uruguay (in Spanish). 8 (84–85/86–87): 347–355. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
dos Santos; S. B.; de Lacerda; L. E. M.; Miyahira & I. C. (2009). "Uncancylus concentricus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Ancylidae): New occurrence in state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" (PDF). Check List. 5 (3): 513–517. doi:10.15560/5.3.513. ISSN 1809-127X. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
Carmen Fuentealba Jara. "Uncancylus concentricus (d´Orbigny, 1835): antecedentes de la especie" (PDF). Amici Molluscarum (in Spanish). 19: 41–43. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
dos Santos; S. B. (2003). "Estado atual do conhecimento dos ancilídeos na América do Sul (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Basommatophora)" (PDF). Revista de Biología Tropical (in Portuguese). 51 (3): 191–223. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
Fernandez, D. (ed.). 1981. Mollusca, Gasteropoda, Ancylidae. In: Ringuelet, R.A. (ed.), Fauna de Ague Dulce de la República Argentina. pp. 99-114. Fundación para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, Buenos Aires.
de Neiff, A.P. & Carignan, R. (1997). "Macroinvertebrates on Eichhornia crassipes roots in two lakes of the Paraná River floodplain". Hydrobiologia. 345 (2/3): 185–196. doi:10.1023/A:1002949528887. S2CID 45519351.

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[iucn-1] Pastorino, G. & Darrigan, G. (2011). "Uncancylus concentricus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T188906A8660816. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T188906A8660816.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.

[2] Scarabino, F. (2004). "Lista sistemática de los Gastropoda dulciacuícolas vivientes de Uruguay" (PDF). Comunicaciones de la Sociedad Malacológica del Uruguay (in Spanish). 8 (84–85/86–87): 347–355. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

[santos1-3] s Santos; S. B.; de Lacerda; L. E. M.; Miyahira & I. C. (2009). "Uncancylus concentricus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Ancylidae): New occurrence in state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" (PDF). Check List. 5 (3): 513–517. doi:10.15560/5.3.513. ISSN 1809-127X. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

[jara-4] Carmen Fuentealba Jara. "Uncancylus concentricus (d´Orbigny, 1835): antecedentes de la especie" (PDF). Amici Molluscarum (in Spanish). 19: 41–43. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

[santos2-5] s Santos; S. B. (2003). "Estado atual do conhecimento dos ancilídeos na América do Sul (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Basommatophora)" (PDF). Revista de Biología Tropical (in Portuguese). 51 (3): 191–223. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

[6] Fernandez, D. (ed.). 1981. Mollusca, Gasteropoda, Ancylidae. In: Ringuelet, R.A. (ed.), Fauna de Ague Dulce de la República Argentina. pp. 99-114. Fundación para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, Buenos Aires.

[7] Neiff, A.P. & Carignan, R. (1997). "Macroinvertebrates on Eichhornia crassipes roots in two lakes of the Paraná River floodplain". Hydrobiologia. 345 (2/3): 185–196. doi:10.1023/A:1002949528887. S2CID 45519351.