Underground hydrogen storage

Underground hydrogen storage is the practice of hydrogen storage in caverns,[1][2] salt domes and depleted oil/gas fields.[3][4] Large quantities of gaseous hydrogen have been stored in caverns for many years.[5] The storage of large quantities of hydrogen underground in solution-mined salt domes,[6] aquifers,[7] excavated rock caverns, or mines can function as grid energy storage,[8] essential for the hydrogen economy.[9] By using a turboexpander the electricity needs for compressed storage on 200 bar amounts to 2.1% of the energy content.[10]

Chevron Phillips Clemens Terminal

The Chevron Phillips Clemens Terminal in Texas has stored hydrogen since the 1980s in a solution-mined salt cavern. The cavern roof is about 2,800 feet (850 m) underground. The cavern is a cylinder with a diameter of 160 feet (49 m), a height of 1,000 feet (300 m), and a usable hydrogen capacity of 1,066 million cubic feet (30.2×10^6 m3), or 2,520 metric tons (2,480 long tons; 2,780 short tons).[11]

Development
  • Sandia National Laboratories released in 2011 a life-cycle cost analysis framework for geologic storage of hydrogen.[12]
  • The European project Hyunder[13] indicated in 2013 that for the storage of wind and solar energy an additional 85 caverns are required as it cannot be covered by pumped-storage hydroelectricity and compressed air energy storage systems.[14]
  • ETI released in 2015 a report The role of hydrogen storage in a clean responsive power system noting that the UK has sufficient salt bed resources to provide tens of GWe.[15]
  • RAG Austria AG finished a hydrogen storage project in a depleted oil and gas field in Austria in 2017, and is conducting its second project "Underground Sun Conversion".[16]

A cavern sized 800 m tall and 50 m diameter can hold hydrogen equivalent to 150 GWh.[17][18]

See also

References
  1. 1979 - Underground hydrogen storage. Final report.
  2. hydrogen storage cavern system
  3. Hassanpouryouzband, Aliakbar; Joonaki, Edris; Edlmann, Katriona; Haszeldine, R. Stuart (2021). "Offshore Geological Storage of Hydrogen: Is This Our Best Option to Achieve Net-Zero?". ACS Energy Lett. 6 (6): 2181–2186. doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00845. S2CID 236299486.
  4. Energy storage 2012
  5. 1994 - ECN abstract
  6. 2006-Underground hydrogen storage in geological formations
  7. Brookhaven National Lab -Final report
  8. Large-scale hydrogen underground storage for securing future energy supplies Archived 2014-07-28 at the Wayback Machine
  9. LINDBLOM U.E. ; A conceptual design for compressed hydrogen storage in mined caverns
  10. Energy technology analysis: Prospects for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (International Energy Agency 2005) p.70
  11. ORNL-Pag.20 Archived 2008-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
  12. a life-cycle cost analysis framework for geologic storage of hydrogen
  13. Hyunder
  14. Storing renewable energy: Is hydrogen a viable solution?
  15. The role of hydrogen storage in a clean responsive power system
  16. "Underground Sun Storage - Publikationen - Presse/Publikationen". Archived from the original on 2019-04-16. Retrieved 2019-04-16.
  17. Hornyak, Tim (1 November 2020). "An $11 trillion global hydrogen energy boom is coming. Here's what could trigger it". CNBC. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021.
  18. Cyran, Katarzyna (June 2020). "INSIGHT INTO A SHAPE OF SALT STORAGE CAVERNS". Archives of Mining Sciences. AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków. 65(2):363-398: 384. doi:10.24425/ams.2020.133198.
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