Under Secretary of Defense for Policy

The United States under secretary of defense for policy (USDP) is a high level civilian official in the United States Department of Defense. The under secretary of defense for policy is the principal staff assistant and adviser to both the secretary of defense and the deputy secretary of defense for all matters concerning the formation of national security and defense policy.

Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
Seal of the Department of Defense
Flag of an Under Secretary of Defense
Incumbent
Sasha Baker
Acting
 since 14 July 2023
United States Department of Defense
Office of the Secretary of Defense
StyleMr Under Secretary
Reports toSecretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
AppointerThe President
with Senate advice and consent
Term lengthNo fixed term
Formation1978
First holderStanley Rogers Resor
Succession5th in SecDef succession
DeputyPrincipal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
SalaryExecutive Schedule, level III
Websitepolicy.defense.gov

The under secretary is normally appointed from civilian life by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. The incumbent under secretary is Colin Kahl, who was confirmed by the Senate on 27 April 2021, and sworn in the following day.

Overview

The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy is the principal staff element of the secretary of defense in the exercise of policy development, planning, resource management, fiscal, and program evaluation responsibilities, the rank of Under Secretary, the USD(P) is a Level III position within the Executive Schedule.

Reporting officials

Officials reporting to the USD(P) include:

  • Principal deputy under secretary of defense for policy

Strategy, Plans, & Capabilities

The assistant secretary of defense for strategy, plans, and capabilities (ASD(SPC)) is responsible for national security and defense strategy, leading the National Defense Strategy, nuclear deterrence and missile defense policy, security cooperation plans and policies, and force design and development planning.

Mission:[1]

  • Support the secretary and deputy secretary of defense and the under secretary of defense for policy in providing the Department of Defense (DoD) with guidance to align resources, activities and capabilities with national security and defense strategy goals.
  • Provide DoD input to the National Security Strategy and associated national, regional and functional strategies.
  • Develop National Defense Strategy (NDS), Guidance for Development of the Force (GDF) and Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF)
  • Review campaign and contingency plans, major force deployments and military operational plans
  • Evaluate the capability of forces to accomplish U.S. Defense and National Security Strategy.
  • Develop policy and strategy guidance to enhance partner capabilities and compatibility with DoD.
  • Develop Global Force Posture policy and strategy and oversee implementation
  • Lead the Quadrennial Defense Review

International Security Affairs

The assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs (ASD (ISA)) is responsible for international security strategy, defense policy, and oversight of security cooperation programs and foreign military sales programs relating to Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Russia, Eurasia, the Middle East, Africa, and the Western Hemisphere.

  • The deputy assistant secretary of defense for African affairs provides advice on international security strategy, defense policy, and oversight of security cooperation programs relating to Sub-Sahara Africa.
  • The deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East provides advice on international security strategy, defense policy, and oversight of security cooperation programs relating to the Middle East and North Africa.
  • The deputy assistant secretary of defense for Europe and NATO provides advice on international security strategy, defense policy, and oversight of security cooperation programs relating to Europe and NATO.
  • The deputy assistant secretary of defense for Russia, Ukraine, and Eurasia provides advice on international security strategy, defense policy, and oversight of security cooperation programs relating to conventional arms control, Russia, Ukraine, Western Balkans, and Eurasian nations.
  • The secretary of defense representative in the United States Mission to NATO.
  • The secretary of defense representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Homeland Defense & Global Security

The assistant secretary of defense for homeland defense and the assistant secretary of defense for global strategic affairs (AD(HDGS)) are responsible for the policy, strategy, and implementation guidance for national and global security issues across countering weapons of mass destruction, cyber operations, homeland defense activities, antiterrorism, continuity of government and mission assurance, defense support to civil authorities, and space-related matters. The AD(HDGS) is also responsible for the Protected Critical Infrastructure Program (PCII), the Domestic Preparedness Support Initiative, and the Defense Critical Infrastructure Program (DCIP).

Special Operations & Low Intensity Conflict

The assistant secretary of defense for special operations/low-intensity conflict (ASD(SO/LIC)) is responsible for the policy, resources, strategic capabilities and force transformation, and oversight of special operations and low-intensity conflict matters of the United States Department of Defense across counterterrorism, unconventional warfare, direct action, special reconnaissance, foreign internal defense, civil affairs, information and psychological operations, and counterproliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

  • The deputy assistant secretary of defense for counternarcotics and global threats is responsible for the policy, resources, strategic capabilities and force transformation, and oversight of special capabilities for counternarcotics and global threats.
  • The deputy assistant secretary of defense for stability and humanitarian affairs is responsible for the policy, resources, strategic capabilities and force transformation, and oversight of conflict stabilization activities, peace operations, and humanitarian relief efforts.
  • The deputy assistant secretary of defense for special operations and combatting terrorism is responsible for the policy, resources, strategic capabilities and force transformation, and oversight of counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, foreign internal defense, and psychological operations as well as providing staff oversight of the United States Special Operations Command resources, budget, and program development issues.

Indo-Pacific Security Affairs

The assistant secretary of defense for Indo-Pacific security affairs (ASD(IPSA)) is responsible for international security strategy, defense policy, and oversight of security cooperation programs relating to the Asia-Pacific region.

Space Policy

The assistant secretary of defense for space policy (ASD(SP)) is responsible for the overall supervision of DoD policy for space warfighting.

Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency

The director of the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency is responsible for the personnel recovery of United States Department of Defense personnel who are listed as prisoners of war (POW) or missing in action (MIA), from all past wars and conflicts around the world.

Defense Security Cooperation Agency

The director of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency is responsible for providing allies and partner nations with financial and technical assistance, transfer of defense matériel, training, and the promotion of military-to-military contacts.

Defense Technology Security Administration

The director of the Defense Technology Security Administration is responsible for the formulation and enforcement of technology security policies related to international transfers of defense-related goods, services, and technologies.

Budget

Budget features

  • Defense Critical Infrastructure Program (DCIP): Oversees policy formulation and strategic planning for the Defense Critical Infrastructure Program, to include the Defense Industrial Base, which provides defense-related products and services that are essential to equip; mobilize; deploy and sustain military operations, enabling the Warfighter to minimize risk. Ensures the resiliency of networked infrastructure assets, whether owned or operated by the DoD or private industry, that are critical to executing military missions. Activities include the identification, assessment, monitoring, and risk management of cyber and physical infrastructure assets critical to the execution of the National Military Strategy. DCIP is run under the auspices of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense and Americas' Security Affairs, where it is overseen by the DASD, Homeland Defense Strategy and Force Planning.
  • Global Threat Management: Provides policy, guidance and oversight on existential threats, supranational threats and non-state actor threats. OUSD(P) fulfills this global mission by crafting and implementing initiatives to expand cultural understanding throughout the world in governed and ungoverned areas to aid in preventing the expansion of terrorist cells. Utilizes table top exercises to enable Members of Congress, Administration Officials, and DoD personnel to form strategies in addressing catastrophic security events. Active research and involvement in the ever-changing cyber environment to protect security assets and prevent sophisticated threats in cyberspace from adversaries domestic and foreign. This funding appears to primarily support the programs of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs.
  • Homeland Defense Support Activities: Formulates policy and conducts DoD strategic planning for homeland defense and defense support of civil authorities, including installation preparedness; CBRNE preparedness and consequence management; border security and National Security Special Events. Supports the U.S. Northern Command in homeland defense strategy, and enhances the U.S. Southern Command mission through engagement with the ministries of defense of Western Hemisphere nations. It supervises intradepartmental and inter-agency coordination of the above issues. Conducts oversight of DoD processes to exercise force readiness through the National Exercise Program. Manages defense continuity and conducts crisis management. This funding appears to primarily support the programs of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense and Americas' Security Affairs.
  • Policy Planning and Integration: OUSD(P) coordinates activities to aid in formulating strategies for DoD programs at national and international levels. This involves establishing and monitoring strategic direction, planning and force development as laid out in reporting documents such as the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and Defense Planning and Programming Guidance (DPPG). OUSD(P) ensures decisions are not made in a vacuum by integrating policies and resources related to humanitarian efforts and their compliance with international laws. Initiates crisis decision-making in an interagency setting; creates forums to explore emerging national security issues; and examines the capabilities and limitations of national power through various instruments. Funding allows interagency integration and coordination to determine requirements for potential dual-use application of Defense assets.
  • Regional Security Affairs: Provides analysis of management of cultural situations in nation states and oversight to military joint ventures and cooperative DoD-Foreign government programs including educational, training, and developmental opportunities. Using a variety of resources, maintains regional expertise to support DoD leadership in forming and implementing strategies and contributes to coordinating holistic government engagement in programs and policies. Regional expertise provides the ability to: monitor and solve security cooperation issues, effectively execute coalition management, monitor international security operations, and further develop cooperative relations with foreign countries. This funding appears to primarily support the programs of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Asian and Pacific Security Affairs and Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
  • Rewards Program: Provides funds to publicize the program and pay rewards for information to disrupt international terrorist activities.
  • Travel: This funding supports travel in support of the OUSD(P) mission.
  • US Mission to NATO: Funding provides regional stability interface with US allies, NATO resolution of regional conflicts, response to terrorism and unstable conditions in fragile and failed nation states that include NATO involvement, weapons of mass destruction bilateral measures, and support of overseas facilities.
  • Warfighting Support Activities: OUSD(P) provides resources to orchestrate the development of special technologies and capabilities. It sustains these efforts by conducting in-depth analyses of the assignment of additional military and civilian personnel to long-term, non-intelligence positions in high-priority countries. Prepares the military for confronting threats in culturally diverse countries, supports policies and strategies that develop skills unique to counterinsurgency and stabilization efforts; reinforces and builds international support over shared security concerns, homeland security, counterterrorism and other critical nation alliances, and promotes humanitarian activities through military resources in a non-combative manner. Provides funds to pay rewards for information to disrupt international terrorist activities and enhance US security capabilities. This funding appears to primarily support the programs of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict & Interdependent Capabilities

List of under secretaries of defense for policy

Portrait Name[3] Tenure SecDef(s) served under President(s) served under
Stanley Rogers Resor 14 August 1978 – 1 April 1979 Harold Brown Jimmy Carter
Robert Komer 24 October 1979 – 20 January 1981
Fred Iklé 2 April 1981 – 19 February 1988 Caspar Weinberger
Frank Carlucci
Ronald Reagan
Paul Wolfowitz 15 May 1989 – 19 January 1993 Dick Cheney George H. W. Bush
Frank G. Wisner 6 July 1993 – 9 June 1994 Les Aspin
William Perry
Bill Clinton
Walter B. Slocombe 15 September 1994 – 19 January 2001 William Perry
William Cohen
Peter F. Verga
(acting)
20 January 2001 – 16 July 2001 Donald Rumsfeld George W. Bush
Douglas J. Feith 16 July 2001 – 8 August 2005 Donald Rumsfeld
Eric S. Edelman 9 February 2006 – 20 January 2009 Donald Rumsfeld
Robert Gates
Michèle Flournoy[4] 9 February 2009 – 3 February 2012 Robert Gates
Leon Panetta
Barack Obama
James N. Miller 18 February 2012 – 8 January 2014 Leon Panetta
Chuck Hagel
Michael D. Lumpkin (acting) 9 January 2014 – 23 June 2014 Chuck Hagel
Christine Wormuth 23 June 2014 – 10 June 2016 Chuck Hagel
Ash Carter
Brian P. McKeon 10 June 2016 – 20 January 2017 Ash Carter
Theresa Whelan
(acting)
20 January 2017 – 7 June 2017[5] James Mattis Donald Trump
Robert S. Karem
(acting)
7 June 2017 – 27 October 2017
David Trachtenberg (acting) 27 October 2017 – 8 January 2018
John Rood 9 January 2018 – 28 February 2020 James Mattis
Mark Esper
James Anderson (acting) 1 March 2020 – 10 November 2020[6]
Anthony Tata (performing the duties of) 10 November 2020 – 20 January 2021[7] Christopher C. Miller (acting)
Amanda J. Dory (performing the duties of) 20 January 2021 – 28 April 2021 Lloyd Austin Joe Biden
Colin Kahl 28 April 2021 – 14 July 2023
Sasha Baker (performing the duties of) 14 July 2023 – Present

Principal Deputy

The Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy is the chief staff assistant to the USD(P). Originally established as the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) by the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 1992–93 (P.L. 102–190), the post was re-designated Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Policy), or PDUSD(P) in December 1999 by DoD Directive 5111.3.[4] The PDUSD(P) provides advice and assistance to the Secretary of Defense, Deputy Secretary of Defense, and USD(P) on national security policy, military strategy, and defense policy.

Principal Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense for Policy[3]
Name Tenure USD(P) served under SecDef(s) served under President(s) served under
I. Lewis Libby 12 August 1992 – 10 January 1993 Paul Wolfowitz Dick Cheney George H. W. Bush
Walter B. Slocombe 1 June 1993 – 14 September 1994 Frank G. Wisner Les Aspin
William J. Perry
Bill Clinton
Jan M. Lodal 3 October 1994 – 30 September 1998 Walter B. Slocombe William J. Perry
William S. Cohen
James M. Bodner 1 October 1998 – 19 January 2001 William S. Cohen
Stephen A. Cambone 25 July 2001 – 1 July 2002 Douglas Feith Donald H. Rumsfeld George W. Bush
Christopher "Ryan" Henry 7 February 2003 – August 2008 Douglas Feith
Eric S. Edelman
Donald H. Rumsfeld
Robert M. Gates
Peter F Verga (performing the duties of) August 2008 – 1 April 2009 Eric S. Edelman Michele Flournoy Robert M. Gates George W. Bush
Barack Obama
James N. Miller 2 April 2009 – 18 February 2012 Michele Flournoy Robert M. Gates Barack Obama
Elissa Slotkin 2 April 2009 – 18 February 2012 Michael D. Lumpkin
Christine Wormuth
Chuck Hagel
Kathleen H. Hicks 25 May 2012 – July 2013 James N. Miller Chuck Hagel
Brian P. McKeon 28 July 2014 – 10 June 2016 Christine Wormuth Ash Carter
David B. Shear 14 July 2015 – 19 January 2017 Brian P. McKeon
David Trachtenberg 18 October 2017 – 22 July 2019 John Rood James Mattis
Mark Esper
Donald Trump
James Anderson March 1, 2020 – July 31, 2020 vacant Mark Esper
Anthony Tata July 31, 2020 – November 10, 2020 James Anderson Mark Esper
Thomas M. Williams November 10, 2020 – January 20, 2021 Anthony Tata Christopher C. Miller
Jennifer C. Walsh (performing the duties of)

Dr. Mara Karlin (performing the duties of)

20 January 2021 – 14 February 2022 Amanda J. Dory (performing the duties of)
Colin Kahl
Lloyd Austin Joe Biden
Sasha Baker 14 February 2022 – 14 July 2023 Colin Kahl
Mara Karlin 14 July 2023 – present Sasha Baker

Notes and references

  1. ASD for Strategy, Plans, and Capabilities, accessed August 2021.
  2. "Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy".
  3. "Department of Defense Key Officials" (PDF). Historical Office, OSD. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  4. Moore, Sara (16 January 2009). "Defense Policy Nominee Pledges Work on Iraq, Afghanistan, National Security". American Forces Press Service. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  5. "Theresa Whelan > U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE > Biography View". www.defense.gov. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  6. Seligman, Lara; Lippman, Daniel (10 November 2020). "Pentagon's top policy official resigns after clashing with the White House". POLITICO. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  7. Seligman, Lara; Lippman, Daniel (10 November 2020). "Official who once called Obama a 'terrorist leader' takes over Pentagon policy". Politico. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
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