Illinois Fighting Illini

The Illinois Fighting Illini (/ɪˈlaɪnaɪ/) are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The university offers 10 men's and 11 women's varsity sports.

Illinois Fighting Illini
Logo
UniversityUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
ConferenceBig Ten
NCAADivision I (FBS)
Athletic directorJosh Whitman
LocationChampaign-Urbana, Illinois
Varsity teams21 (10 men's, 11 women's)
Football stadiumMemorial Stadium
Basketball arenaState Farm Center
Baseball stadiumIllinois Field
Softball stadiumEichelberger Field
Soccer stadiumDemirjian Park
Other venues
NicknameFighting Illini
Fight songIllinois Loyalty, Oskee Wow-Wow
ColorsOrange and blue[1]
   
Websitewww.fightingillini.com
Big Ten logo in Illinois' colors

The university operates a number of athletic facilities, including Memorial Stadium for football, the State Farm Center for both men's and women's basketball, Illinois Field for baseball, the ARC Pool for women's swimming and diving, the Atkins Tennis Center for men's and women's tennis, Eichelberger Field for softball, Huff Hall for men's and women's gymnastics, women's volleyball and men's wrestling, Demirjian Park for women's soccer and for men's and women's outdoor track and field, the Atkins Golf Club at the University of Illinois for men's and women's golf, the University of Illinois Arboretum for cross country and the University of Illinois Armory for men's and women's indoor track and field.

The Fighting Illini lay claim to over 25 National Championships dating back to 1900.

Etymology

The University of Illinois official team name is the Fighting Illini.[2] The Illiniwek, Illinois Confederation, or Illini, were made up of 12 to 13 tribes who lived in the Mississippi River Valley. The term 'Illini', in relation to campus activities, appears to be first mentioned in January 1874, when the weekly newspaper changed its name from The Student to The Illini. An editorial in the first edition of the renamed newspaper indicated that Illini was a new term. During the late 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, it was used to refer to the students, faculty, staff, and alumni of the university, as well as to the campus as a whole. Many NCAA and High School mascots bearing reference to first nation people have changed their names. However, the University of Illinois maintains its position that the Illini nickname does not refer to the first nation inhabitants of the same land.[3]

The term Illini referring to the university's athletic teams seems to come from secondhand accounts of the athletic teams. The earliest reference in the Illio yearbook appears to be one mention in the summary of the 1907 football season. The term was more widely used in the 1910s especially during the 1914, 1915, and 1916 football seasons. The Daily Illini and football programs prior to these dates do not extensively cite the term and also used the terms "Indians," "our men," "Orange and Blue," and the "homecomers".[3]

The Illinois Confederation, also referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, lived in the Mississippi River Valley and expanded their tribes in an area that stretched from Lake Michigan to Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas.[4]

The term Fighting Illini first appeared in a January 29, 1911, newspaper article describing the basketball team's effort during a game versus Purdue. By March 3, 1911, the athletic teams appeared to have earned the Fighting Illini nickname as a formal appellation evidenced in a newspaper report. In 2005, evidence suggested Fighting Illini was first used in 1921 as part of a fundraising campaign for construction of Memorial Stadium, but articles discovered in 2013 show it was first used in 1911.[2] The Fighting Illini nickname was adopted by general consensus as an unofficial school nickname sometime between 1921 and 1930. It was then used in newspaper articles, football programs and other publications eventually becoming the official name.[2]

Sports sponsored
Men's sports Women's sports
BaseballBasketball
BasketballCross country
Cross countryGolf
FootballGymnastics
GolfSoccer
GymnasticsSoftball
TennisSwimming and diving
Track and field†Tennis
WrestlingTrack and field†
Volleyball
† – Track and field includes both indoor and outdoor

Illinois has won 18 overall men's and women's NCAA team national championships through the 2017 NCAA athletic season.[5] Illinois ranks thirty-sixth all-time in total NCAA Division I national championships through the 2020–21 NCAA athletic season.[5]

Baseball
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini baseball
Fightining Illini baseball pitcher Rob McDonnell during a 2013 game at Drayton McLane Baseball Stadium at John H. Kobs Field

Fighting Illini baseball has 10 NCAA Tournament appearances, 33 Big Ten championships and 4 Big Ten Tournament championships in 1989, 1990, 2000 and 2011.

Men's basketball
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball

Fighting Illini men's basketball titles include the 1915 Helms national championship, 5 NCAA Final Four appearances in 1949, 1951, 1952, 1989, 2005, 17 Big Ten championships and 3 Big Ten Tournament championships in 2003, 2005, and 2021. Through the end of the 2013–14 season, Illinois ranks 11th all-time in winning percentage and 14th all-time in wins among all NCAA Division I men's college basketball programs.

A Bristow Adams poster of an Illini football player
1904 NCAA football guide featuring Illini Football. The guide was the official rules book and record book of college football

Women's basketball
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini women's basketball

Fighting Illini women's basketball began play in 1974. The team won the 1997 Big Ten championship. They have made 8 NCAA Tournament appearances, including 2 Sweet Sixteen appearances in 1997 and 1998.

Men's cross country

The men's cross country team were the Big Ten Champions in 1921, 1947 and 1984.

Women's cross country

The Fighting Illini women's cross country team began play in 1977. Illinois won an individual NCAA championship in 2009.

Football
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini football

The University of Illinois has been selected for national championship titles for their accomplishments in five seasons (1914, 1919, 1923, 1927, 1951) by NCAA-designated major selectors, often using mathematical algorithms.[6][7]: 111–113  Illinois claims championships for all five years.[8] The Fighting Illini program recognizes the 1951 national title selection by William F. Boand,[9] but as recently as 2006 this was not mentioned officially by the school.[10] The team also has 15 Big Ten Championship Football victories with 8 Bowl Game Victories at the 1947 Rose Bowl, 1952 Rose Bowl, 1964 Rose Bowl, 1990 Florida Citrus Bowl, 1994 Liberty Bowl, 1999 MicronPC.com Bowl, 2010 Texas Bowl, and 2011 Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl.

Men's golf
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini men's golf

The men's golf team play their home matches on the Atkins Golf Club at the University of Illinois five miles from the university's campus, and are currently led by head coach Mike Small. The Fighting Illini men's golf program has won 18 Big Ten championships and in 2013 finished as national runner-up at the NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships, which was the highest finish in the program's history. 2014 was the third time in the past four years the program had qualified for the match play portion of the NCAA Men's Golf Championships in which the final eight teams compete in a bracket format.[11]

Women's golf

The Fighting Illini women's golf team began play in 1975. The team has made four NCAA Tournament appearances in 2002, 2003, 2011 and 2012.

Men's gymnastics
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini men's gymnastics

The men's gymnastics team have been invited to 44 NCAA tournaments and have won 10 team NCAA championships, which is second most all-time only to Penn State Nittany Lions 12 team titles. Additionally, the Fighting Illini have won an all-time record 53 individual NCAA titles.[12] The Illini hold their competitions at George Huff Hall on the Champaign side of campus, and the team trains and holds practices at the Kenney Gym on the Urbana side of campus.[13]

Women's gymnastics

The Fighting Illini women's gymnastics team began play in 1974. The team won three Big Ten Championships in 1990, 1991 and 1992.

Soccer

The Fighting Illini women's soccer team began play in 1997. The team won two Big Ten Championships in 2003 and 2011. They have made twelve NCAA Tournaments appearances in 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The team has four sweet sixteen appearances in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013 and one elite eight appearance in 2004. The Illini are currently led by Janet Rayfield, who has been the head coach since 2002.[14]

Softball
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini softball

The Fighting Illini softball team began play in 2000. The team has made seven NCAA Tournament appearances in 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2016, 2017 and 2019. The current head coach is Tyra Perry.

Swimming and diving

The Fighting Illini women's swimming and diving team began play in 1974. The team had individual NCAA champions in 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.

Men's tennis
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini men's tennis

The Illinois men's tennis program was founded in 1908, but has enjoyed most of its success in recent years. The Illini have been one of the most successful men's tennis programs in the nation over the past twenty seasons, winning nine consecutive Big Ten Championships from 1997 to 2005; six of seven Big Ten Tournament Championships between 1999 and 2005; appearing in the NCAA Sweet Sixteen fourteen times, including eight years in a row (2002–09); advancing to three NCAA Final Fours between 2003 and 2007; and winning the 2003 NCAA National Championship. They have also won two ITA National Team Indoor Championships (2003, 2004)[15] and lost in the championship match three other times (1998, 1999, 2002). Illinois men's tennis owns the record for longest consecutive win streak in NCAA history at 64 matches, spanning from their first match of the 2002–03 season and ending with a 4–2 defeat by UCLA in the semifinals of the 2004 NCAA Men's Tennis Tournament.

Women's tennis

The Fighting Illini women's tennis team began play in 1975. The women's tennis team has made 13 NCAA Tournament appearances in 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2018 and 2019.

Men's track and field

The men's Indoor Track and Field team has a total of 20 Big Ten Champion titles. For outdoor track and field the team has NCAA National Champions in 1921, 1927,[16] 1944, 1946, and 1947. In addition, the team carries a total of 29 Big Ten Championships.

  • Indoor Track and Field Big Ten Champions: 1912, 1913, 1914, 1916, 1920, 1921, 1924, 1928, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1977, 1981, 1987, 1988, 1989
  • Outdoor Track and Field Big Ten Champions: 1907, 1909, 1913, 1914, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1934, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1975, 1977, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1994, 2015

Women's track and field

The Fighting Illini women's track and field team began play in 1976. The indoor track and field team won five Big Ten Championships in 1989, 1992, 1993, 1995 and 1996. The outdoor track and field team won the 1970 Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women national championship[17][18] and six Big Ten Championships in 1988, 1989, 1992, 1995, 2005 and 2007.

Volleyball
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini women's volleyball

Women's volleyball started in 1974.,[19] Since moving into Huff Hall from the Kenney Gym in 1990, the Illinois Volleyball team has remained in the top 10 in the nation for average home attendance. In 2013, the program broke its previous home attendance record, averaging 3,117 per match.[20] Kenney Gym served as the initial home court from 1974 through the 1989 season. Since the founding of the volleyball program in 1974, the Fighting Illini have had 30+ winning seasons.

Wrestling

The current head coach of the University of Illinois Fighting Illini is Mike Poeta, who was a two-time NCAA finalist for Illinois. He replaced Jim Heffernan, who retired in 2021. State Farm Center is the current home arena for the wrestling team, seating approximately 15,500. Huff Hall served as home arena to the team since 1925. [21]

  • Big Ten Champions: 1913, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1935, 1937, 1946, 1947, 1952, 2005
  • The University of Illinois has had 24 NCAA National Champion wrestlers, with the most recent being Jesse Delgado in 2013 and 2014 and Isaiah Martinez in 2015 and 2016.

Illinois Fighting Illini varsity sports timeline

References: Men's basketball,[22] Men's fencing,[23][24] Men's hockey,[25][26] Men's polo,[27][28] Men's soccer,[29] Men's water polo[22][29]

Former varsity sports

Illinois fencing won National Championships in 1956 and 1958. Fencing was dropped as a varsity sport in 1993. Men's swimming and diving was dropped as a varsity sport in 1993, but were Big Ten Champions in 1911, 1912 and 1913.

Club sports

Club sports include men's ice hockey, women's ice hockey, men's lacrosse, rowing, men's and women's rugby, tennis, men's volleyball, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's ultimate frisbee, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's track and field, and men's and women's boxing.

Boxing

Both the men's and women's boxing teams compete as part of the United States Intercollegiate Boxing Association. Illinois hosted the USIBA national championships in 2018, and the men's team won the 2018 and 2019 tournaments.[30][31] The women's team won the 2022 tournament.[32]

Ice hockey
Main article: Illinois Fighting Illini men's ice hockey

The men's ice hockey team has played in the Division I Central States Collegiate Hockey League conference since 1979, which is part of the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA), winning national championships in 2005 and 2008, with runner-up finishes in 2009 and 2018. A second team competes in the Division II Mid-American Collegiate Hockey Association. A feasibility study published in March 2018, and commissioned by the NHL, NHLPA, and College Hockey, Inc., found a high probability of success for the hockey program to transition to NCAA Division I.[33][34]

Men's rugby

Founded in 1963, the University of Illinois Men's Rugby Football Club plays in Division 1-A in the Big Ten Universities conference. The Illini have experienced success in college rugby, including winning several Big 10 championships in the 1980s and reaching the national semifinals in 1980, 1983 and 1985.[35][36] The Illini play their home matches in Urbana at the Complex Fields.

Wheelchair basketball
Main article: University of Illinois Wheelchair Basketball

The men's wheelchair basketball team was founded in 1948 by Timothy Nugent in response to a large number of disabled veterans using the G.I. Bill to attend the University of Illinois.[37] Nugent later started a women's team in 1970. A total of 29 national championships are claimed between the men and women's teams.

Rowing
Main article: Illini Rowing

Founded in 2005, Illini Rowing is one of the youngest university rowing teams in the country. They practice on Clinton Lake and in the ARC.[38] On Clinton Lake, they host the Illinois Collegiate Rowing Invitational where they race against many other midwestern universities.[39] They compete across the country in the American Collegiate Rowing Association.[40]

Athletic facilities
Memorial Stadium with State Farm Center in background
State Farm Center

Current facilities

Practice facilities
  • Demirjian Golf Practice Facility — Men's and women's golf indoor practice facility
  • Irwin Indoor Practice Facility — Football, women's soccer, baseball, softball
  • Kenney Gym and Kenney Gym Annex — Men's and women's gymnastics
  • Lauritsen/Wohlers Outdoor Golf Practice Facility — Men's and women's golf outdoor practice facility
  • U of I Orange and Blue Golf Courses — Men's and women's golf short-game practice center

Former facilities

Club and intramural facilities

Illinois traditions

Marching Illini
The Marching Illini in USA Formation during Patriotic Medley from the traditional pregame show
Main article: Marching Illini

The Marching Illini is the marching band of the university. The Marching Illini is an organization which annually includes approximately 350 students. Part of the College of Fine and Applied Arts and the School of Music, the Marching Illini represent virtually every college, discipline, and major on the university's diverse Urbana-Champaign campus. The band primarily performs before, during, and after University of Illinois home football games. The band also performs an indoor concert at the Krannert Center for the Performing Arts featuring special lighting effects, performances by individual sections, and slightly pithy comic routines. The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music houses a collection of University Band recordings and performances and recording sessions from 1940 to 1987.[41] The band has several traditions such as the Pregame Show, Three-In-One, Illinois Loyalty and Oskee Wow-Wow.

Illinois Loyalty
Main article: Illinois Loyalty

Illinois Loyalty is the main school song of the university. It was first performed on March 3, 1906, and is one of the oldest songs of its kind in the United States. The song was written by Thacher Howland Guild, instructor in rhetoric and a member of the band's solo cornet section.[42] Due to the song's length, it is normally played only at the beginning, halftime, and end of football games.

Oskee Wow-Wow
Main article: Oskee Wow-Wow

Oskee Wow-Wow is the official fight song of the University of Illinois.[43] Most commonly, it is played "from the hold" at the start of the chorus, when the "O" in "Oskee Wow-Wow" is held out. This version is played after first downs and touchdowns in football, and leading into time outs in basketball. Coincidentally, the buzzers at nearly every arena are in the same chord as the hold.

For many years, the band started playing the song "from the top" toward the end of the warmup period in basketball. When conducted correctly, the "hold" is played just as the buzzer sounds.

Oskee Wow-Wow yell

The Oskee Wow-Wow yell is a University of Illinois spirit yell originated in 1899. The yell was modified in 1912 and 1916.[43][44]

Athletic directors

Notable alumni
Main article: List of University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign people § sports

The university has a number of notable alumni and administrators in the world of athletics. In football, notable Alumni include Dick Butkus, Red Grange, Jeff George, Simeon Rice, Ray Nitschke and George Halas. Famous basketball alumni include Dee Brown, Deron Williams, Luther Head, Derek Harper, Nick Anderson, Chuck Carney, Brian Cook, Kendall Gill, Steve Bardo, Jerry Colangelo, and Johnny Orr. Notable athletes in baseball include Lou Boudreau,[45] Hoot Evers[46] and Ken Holtzman. The university has also a number of Olympic athletes that include George Kerr, Don Laz, Daniel Kinsey, Harold Osborn, Bob Richards, and Justin Spring,

Mascot controversy
Further information: Chief Illiniwek

From 1926 to 2007, Chief Illiniwek was the symbol for the Fighting Illini. Chief Illiniwek was a Native American symbol portrayed by a white student.[47] Chief Illiniwek symbolized the Illini, a confederation of indigenous tribes who historically had inhabited much of present-day Illinois; however the clothing and regalia for the symbol was from the Sioux nation. Chief Illiniwek would perform during halftime at Illinois football and basketball games, wearing a feathered headdress and buckskin clothes, and dancing while the marching band played "Three in One", an arrangement of three original songs. It was customary for Illinois fans and attendees to raise their arms at the end of the halftime proceedings and, in unison, yell 'chief.'

In 2005, the Chief was one of 18 mascots (though Illiniwek was considered a symbol and not a mascot) cited as "hostile or abusive" by the NCAA in a policy that banned schools from full participation in postseason activities as long as they continued to use such mascots.[48] The University of Illinois retired Chief Illiniwek in 2007. Debate about the Chief has continued to this day.[49][50] The university chancellor appointed a Commission on Native Imagery to recommend ways "to provide closure, healing and reconciliation... to facilitate the establishment of new traditions... [and] to honor and partner with the Native Nations for whom Illinois is their ancestral home."[51]

The Fighting Illini are one of three Big Ten programs that do not have a mascot. (The other two are the Wolverines and the Hoosiers.)[52]

In the 2020 student elections, the student body voted 4222 to 3597 for a preliminary proposal to adopt a new mascot, the belted kingfisher. The female belted kingfisher, who is "naturally true to the orange and blue", would be the first female mascot in the Big Ten.[53] The referendum was downplayed by the university administration who said that the "results will be shared with the university administration and the board of trustees but will not result in a new mascot at this time."[54]

References
  1. "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Visual Identity: Color". Retrieved November 13, 2022.
  2. "Fighting Illini Name". archives.library.illinois.edu. October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  3. "Fighting Illini FAQ". archives.library.illinois.edu. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  4. "Illinois Tribe of the Mississippi River Valley – Legends of America".
  5. "NCAA Championship Summary through June 28, 2018" (PDF). ncaa.org. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  6. Christopher J. Walsh (2007). Who's #1?: 100-Plus Years of Controversial National Champions in College Football. Taylor Trade Pub. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-1-58979-337-8.
  7. 2017 NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (PDF). Indianapolis: National Collegiate Athletic Association. August 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  8. Brown, Kent, ed. (2014). 2014 Illinois Football Record Book (PDF). University of Illinois Division of Intercollegiate Athletics. p. 114. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 15, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  9. "The Record Book" (PDF). Grfx.cstv.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 12, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  10. "Records" (PDF). Graphics.fansonly.com. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  11. "Illini Advance to NCAA Match Play for Third Time in 4 Years". University of Illinois DIA. May 26, 2014. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  12. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/ill/sports/m-gym/auto_pdf/2012-13/misc_non_event/2013-record-book.pdf Archived November 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  13. "Illinois Athletics". www.fightingillini.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  14. "Soccer Coaches". University of Illinois Athletics.
  15. "2013 Mens Gymnastics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  16. The Illini were unofficial NCAA National Champions in 1927, as the NCAA did not officially score a team national championship at the competition that year.
  17. Hunt, Virginia (1976) [on microfilm 1977]. Governance of Women's Intercollegiate Athletics: an Historical Perspective (PhD). University of North Carolina - Greensboro. pp. 1–319 – via University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
  18. Archives of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW), Special Collections, University of Maryland Libraries
  19. 2012 Illinois Volleyball Record Book (PDF). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. 2012. p. 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
  20. "Illinois' Most Well-Attended Season Ends at the Hand of Big Ten Foe". Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. 2013. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
  21. "2013–2014 Wrestling Quick Facts". University of Illinois Athletics. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  22. "Water Polo and Basketball Teams Organized". Daily Illini. November 11, 1905. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  23. "A Fencing Meet". Daily Illini. March 4, 1911. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  24. Figueroa, Joey (November 5, 2015). "Athletic scholarships at Illinois by the numbers". Daily Illini. Archived from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  25. "Hockey-Coach". Daily Illini. December 18, 1937. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  26. Roberts, Glenn (July 20, 1945). "After the Deadline". Daily Illini. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  27. Adams, Jack (October 8, 1941). "Illini Polo Rises After 9 Year Struggle". Daily Illini. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  28. Talbot, Phil (April 10, 1934). "Sport Formerly Closed to Men not in ROTC". Daily Illini. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  29. Stoffel, Ron (July 1, 1970). "UI sports started small , now big business here Just check the ticket price". Daily Illini. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  30. "Champions -- USIBA". Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  31. "USIBA 2019 National Tournament Finals 3/24/19". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021.
  32. @collegeboxing (March 21, 2022). "Congratulations to our First Place and Runner Up Women's team trophy recipients: 1.) @illiniboxing 2.) @michigan_college_boxing" – via Instagram.
  33. "Why Illini Hockey". University of Illinois Athletics. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  34. "Feasibility study: UI setting just right for hockey". The News-Gazette (Champaign-Urbana). Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  35. U of I Rugby, Illinois Men's Rugby Football Club, http://uofirugby.com/en/ Archived September 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  36. Rugby Mag, DII Bottom Dweller to DI-A, Illinois Opens BTU Conference Play Saturday, September 27, 2012, http://www.rugbymag.com/college-premier-league-/5909-dii-bottom-dweller-to-di-a-illinois-opens-btu-conference-play-saturday.html Archived June 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  37. Savitz, Harriet (2006). Wheelchair Champions: A History of Wheelchair Sports. Lincoln: iUniverse. ISBN 978-0595385225.
  38. "FACILITIES – Illinois Rowing".
  39. "ICRI 2017 Recap – Illinois Rowing".
  40. "American Collegiate Rowing Association". Archived from the original on September 7, 2018. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  41. "University Bands Tape Recordings, 1942–1987 – The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music". illinois.edu.
  42. Thatcher Howland Guild. "Illinois Loyalty March, recorded 1916-12-05 by the Victor Military Band". Library of Congress National Jukebox. Victor Records. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  43. "University Yells". uihistories.library.illinois.edu. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  44. "'Oskee Wow Wow' predates the Chief". news-gazette.com. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  45. "Lou Boudreau Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
  46. "Hoot Evers Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
  47. Zirin, Dave (October 30, 2007). "Chief concern". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  48. "NCAA American Indian Mascot Ban Will Begin Feb. 1". ESPN. August 12, 2005. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
  49. Quinatana, Chris (September 13, 2018). "'Exhaustion, Confusion, and Anger': U. of Illinois Finds a Community at Odds over Old Mascot". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
  50. Ryan, Shannon (March 7, 2016). "Illinois Students Try to Keep Chief Alive Despite Decades of Criticism". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
  51. Wurth, Julie (November 30, 2018). "UI Chancellor: Chief Panel Tasked Only with Finding Path Forward, Not Paving It". The News-Gazette. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
  52. Bannon, Tim; Rosenthal, Phil (March 13, 2019). "Ohio State Has the Best Big Ten Mascot and Iowa Has the Worst: We Rank – and Try to Explain — Them All". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
  53. "Campus Student Elections Commission 2020 Student Elections". March 9, 2020.
  54. Ditman, Tim (March 10, 2020). "After the vote: No plans to choose mascot now, UI chancellor says". News Gazette. Retrieved March 10, 2020.

Further reading
  • Pearson, Mike. Illini Legends, Lists, and Lore. (University of Illinois Press, 2017; ISBN 9780252041044)
  • News-Gazette. Fighting Illini Basketball - A Hardwood History. (Sports Pub., 2017; ISBN 9781582612737)
  • Dawson, Brett. Tales from the 2004-05 Fighting Illini. (Sports Publishing, LLC, 2005; ISBN 9781596701212)
  • Tate, Loren; Gelfond, Jared. A Century of Orange and Blue - Celebrating 100 Years of Fighting Illini Basketball. (Sports Pub. L.L.C., 2004; ISBN 9781582617930)
  • News-Gazette. One for the Ages - The 2004-05 Fighting Illini's March to the Arch. (Sports Publishing LLC, 2005; ISBN 9781596701342)
  • Stewart, Mark. The Illinois Fighting Illini. (University of Illinois Press, 2010; ISBN 9781599533650)
  • Asmussen, Bob. University of Illinois Football Vault - The History of the Fighting Illini. (Whitman Pub., LLC, 2008; ISBN 9780794825713)
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