Uroteuthis chinensis

Uroteuthis chinensis,[3] also known as the Hanchi (Korean:한치)[4],Taiwanese squid (Mandarin Chinese:台灣槍烏賊) or mitre squid,[5] is a species of squid in the west Pacific Ocean, including the China Sea.

Uroteuthis chinensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Myopsida
Family: Loliginidae
Genus: Uroteuthis
Species:
U. chinensis
Binomial name
Uroteuthis chinensis
(Gray, 1849)[1][2]

Characteristics

U. chinesis is a cephalopod which means that it feeds by using tentacles to pull food into its sharp beak. Cephalopods have radula's which are similar to tongues that help them grind up the food they eat so they can digest it. Reproduction occurs once in a lifetime because cephalopods die shortly after reproducing. During mating the male squid uses a specialized arm called a hectocotylus[6] to fertilize the female with his sperm.

The body is elongated,[7] tapered,[8] and the end of the tail is tapered.[7] There is no longitudinal midline on the ventral surface.[7] The average carcass length of mature specimens is 30 cm [7] and the aspect ratio is 7:1.[9] There are two fins on the side of the tube, the fins are diamond-shaped, and the length of the carcass is greater than 2/3,[7] [9] making the carcass of the spear look like a rocket, hence the name.[8]

Like other calamari species, two of the ten tentacles of this species are longer,[8] the wrist style is generally 3>4>2>1, and there are 2 rows of suckers.[9] There are about 12 large horned rings in the horned tentacles group with an average diameter of 1/2 times larger than that of the small horned rings at the edge. The diameter of the largest horned ring is 2 times larger.[7] The horned ring of the largest tentacle has 20-30 sharp teeth, and the arrangement is 6-12 large teeth interspersed with 1-4 small teeth.[7]

U. chinesis can emit light,[8] [9] and the illuminators are on both sides of the rectum and are spindle shaped.[9] Squid are also known to be sensitive to temperature, salinity, and circulation in the water.[10] These habitat components can affect reproduction and life cycles.

Chinese spear squid at different growth stages sometimes have different names among fishermen: they call the larvae of squid "small rolls", and the sub-adults are called "middle rolls".[7] They are attracted to light, so fisherman can use bright lights to guide them closer to the surface of the water and closer to their boats.[8]

Distribution

The main fishing grounds of this species are located in the Penghu Islands on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and the South Fujian Sea,[7] but it can also be seen in the northern part of the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi, around Hainan Island, Nanpeng Islands, and the South China Sea.[7] The peak period of fishing is from May to June,[11][8] but in Hong Kong sometimes they can be caught in April. Compared with other cuttlefish or squid, its taste is thinner and sweeter, and it is generally used to stir-fry, stir-fry or eat as sashimi.[8] U. chinesis when compared to other squid species like U. edulis seems to grow faster and have larger mantles.[12] This could attribute to people preferring U. chinesis over other squid species for eating.

References
  1. Gray, J. E. 1849. Catalogue of the Mollusca in the British Museum. Part I. Cephalopoda Antepedia. 164
  2. Liu., R. (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China Seas. Beijing: Science Press. p. 1267. ISBN 978-7-03-023722-4.
  3. Roper, C.F.E.; Sweeney, M.J.; Nauen, C.E. (1984). "Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries". FAO Species Catalogue. 3: 275. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  4. Yoon, Sung-jin (2018). "Test Study for the introduction of the Ulleung Fishery politics compartment waters". Journal of Korean Society for Marine Life Science. Korean Society of Marine Life Science. 3 (1): 22–30. ISSN 2508-7134. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  5. "Uroteuthis chinensis, Mitre squid : Fisheries".
  6. Hall (April 2018). "Cephalopods". Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  7. "国际贝库：台灣鎖管" (in Traditional Chinese). 台湾贝类资料库. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
  8. "Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis Gray, 1849 ". TaiBIF. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
  9. "海產乾類". 香港食物規格資料庫網站 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 2019-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
  10. Wang, Dongliang; Yao, Lijun; Yu, Jing; Chen, Pimao (2021-01-28). "The Role of Environmental Factors on the Fishery Catch of the Squid Uroteuthis chinensis in the Pearl River Estuary, China". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 9 (2): 131. doi:10.3390/jmse9020131. ISSN 2077-1312.
  11. "南風吹大豐收 鮮墨爆炒爽!" (in Traditional Chinese). 蘋果日報 (香港). 2012-05-29. Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
  12. Jin, Yue; Li, Na; Chen, Xinjun; Liu, Bilin; Li, Jianhua (2019-07-01). "Comparative age and growth of Uroteuthis chinensis and Uroteuthis edulis from China Seas based on statolith". Aquaculture and Fisheries. 4 (4): 166–172. doi:10.1016/j.aaf.2019.02.002. ISSN 2468-550X. S2CID 92459105.
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