Demographics of Uruguay

This is a demography of the population of Uruguay including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Uruguay
Uruguay population pyramid in 2020
Population3,426,260[1][2]
Growth rate0.27% (2023 est.)[3]
Birth rate12.65 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]
Death rate9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]
Life expectancy78.66 years
  male75.58 years
  female81.86 years (2023 est.)[3]
Fertility rate1.75 children born/woman (2023 est.)[3]
Infant mortality rate8.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)[3]
Net migration rate-0.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]
Age structure
0–14 years19.02% (male 330,536/ female 319,132)
15–64 years65.55% (male 1,110,881/ female 1,128,546)
65 and over15.43% (male 213,750/ female 313,419) (2023 est.)[3]
Sex ratio
Total0.94 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[3]
At birth1.04 male(s)/female
Under 151.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.98 male(s)/female
65 and over0.68 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityUruguayan(s)
Language
OfficialSpanish language

Population

Census population in thousands
YearPop.±% p.a.
1852132    
1860229.5+7.16%
19081,042.7+3.20%
19632,595.5+1.67%
19752,788.4+0.60%
19852,955.2+0.58%
19963,163.8+0.62%
20043,241+0.30%
20113,286.3+0.20%
20203,530.9+0.80%

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[1][2] the total population was 3,426,260 in 2021, compared to only 2,239,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 21.4%, 64.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 14.4% was 65 years or older.[4]

Total population Proportion
aged 0–14
(%)
Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)
Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
1950 2 239 00027.963.98.2
1955 2 373 00027.664.38.1
1960 2 539 00027.864.18.1
1965 2 695 00028.163.68.3
1970 2 810 00027.963.38.8
1975 2 830 00027.762.79.6
1980 2 916 00026.962.710.4
1985 3 012 00026.862.310.9
1990 3 110 00026.062.411.6
1995 3 225 00025.062.612.4
2000 3 321 00024.562.413.0
2005 3 326 00023.862.813.5
2010 3 374 00022.563.713.8
2015 3 432 00021.464.214.4

Structure of the population

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 04.X.2011) (Excluding 437 homeless persons.): [5]
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 1 577 416 1 708 461 3 285 877 100
0-4 112 704 107 641 220 345 6.71
5-9 121 820 116 248 238 068 7.25
10-14 131 022 125 530 256 552 7.81
15-19 133 042 128 649 261 691 7.96
20-24 119 928 121 078 241 006 7.33
25-29 112 852 115 533 228 385 6.95
30-34 113 884 119 481 233 365 7.10
35-39 108 704 113 817 222 521 6.77
40-44 98 612 104 486 203 098 6.18
45-49 95 812 102 961 198 773 6.05
50-54 93 175 101 390 194 565 5.92
55-59 81 828 91 179 173 007 5.27
60-64 69 864 80 911 150 775 4.59
65-69 58 769 72 794 131 563 4.00
70-74 47 705 64 690 112 395 3.42
75-79 36 806 56 853 93 659 2.85
80-84 24 912 45 593 70 505 2.15
85-89 11 535 25 891 37 426 1.14
90-94 3 636 10 477 14 113 0.43
95-99 733 2 813 3 546 0.11
100+ 73 446 519 0.02
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 365 546 349 419 714 965 21.76
15-64 1 027 701 1 079 485 2 107 186 64.13
65+ 184 169 279 557 464 026 14.12
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021) (Data refer to national projections.): [5]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1 718 089 1 824 936 3 543 026 100
0–4 115 596 110 257 225 853 6.37
5–9 117 523 112 140 229 663 6.48
10–14 120 433 115 127 235 560 6.65
15–19 127 596 122 265 249 861 7.05
20–24 135 201 130 480 265 682 7.50
25–29 134 040 131 180 265 220 7.49
30–34 125 736 124 495 250 231 7.06
35–39 118 584 119 068 237 652 6.71
40–44 118 608 122 445 241 053 6.80
45–49 111 148 115 632 226 780 6.40
50–54 99 048 106 336 205 384 5.80
55–59 94 956 104 859 199 816 5.64
60–64 86 974 99 168 186 142 5.25
65-69 71 453 86 108 157 560 4.45
70-74 54 568 71 791 126 360 3.57
75-79 39 695 58 860 98 555 2.78
80-84 25 487 44 662 70 149 1.98
85-89 14 098 30 179 44 277 1.25
90+ 7 343 19 885 27 227 0.77
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 353 552 337 524 691 076 19.51
15–64 1 151 893 1 175 927 2 327 820 65.70
65+ 212 644 311 485 524 129 14.79

Vital statistics

UN estimates

The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates for Uruguay. [6]

Period Live births
per year
Deaths
per year
Natural change
per year
CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total
Life expectancy
males
Life expectancy
females
1950–195549,00024,00025,00021.210.510.72.735766.063.369.3
1955–196054,00025,00029,00021.910.011.92.835367.064.270.3
1960–196557,00025,00032,00021.99.512.42.904868.365.371.5
1965–197056,00026,00030,00020.59.610.82.804768.565.571.8
1970–197560,00028,00032,00021.110.011.13.004668.765.672.1
1975–198058,00029,00029,00020.210.110.12.894269.566.373.1
1980–198554,00029,00025,00018.39.88.52.573470.967.674.5
1985–199056,00030,00026,00018.29.88.42.532372.168.675.7
1990–199558,00031,00027,00018.29.78.52.492073.069.276.8
1995–200055,00031,00024,00016.99.57.42.301674.270.477.9
2000–200553,00031,00022,00015.99.56.52.201475.371.678.9
2005–201051,00031,00020,00015.19.35.82.121376.472.779.9
2010–201549,00032,00017,00014.59.45.12.051177.173.680.5
2015–202049,00032,00017,00014.19.34.82.001077.974.581.1
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Total fertility rate (1880–1899)

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[7]

Years18801881188218831884188518861887188818891890[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Uruguay5.765.765.765.715.215.455.565.645.635.575.45
Years189118921893189418951896189718981899[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Uruguay5.445.315.045.115.255.074.34.54.6

Births and deaths

Average population[8][9] Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate[fn 1][7]
1900 926,000 30,58012,87817,702 33.013.919.1 4.5
1901 951,000 31,70312,50419,199 33.313.120.2 4.41
1902 976,000 31,52613,43918,087 32.313.818.5 4.31
1903 1,004,000 32,60013,67318,927 32.513.618.9 4.34
1904 1,023,000 26,98411,51515,469 26.411.315.1 4.37
1905 1,056,000 33,70913,61220,097 31.912.919.0 4.4
1906 1,087,000 32,57815,08317,495 30.013.916.1 4.42
1907 1,124,000 33,65715,56118,096 29.913.816.1 4.45
1908 1,043,000 35,52014,42121,099 34.113.820.2 4.43
1909 1,079,000 35,66315,24920,414 33.114.118.9 4.41
1910 1,116,000 35,92716,51519,412 32.214.817.4 4.38
1911 1,160,000 37,53016,55220,978 32.414.318.1 4.36
1912 1,208,000 39,17116,74522,426 32.413.918.6 4.34
1913 1,261,000 40,31515,37424,941 32.012.219.8 4.22
1914 1,297,000 38,57115,35023,221 29.711.817.9 4.1
1915 1,327,000 38,04616,60221,444 28.712.516.2 3.98
1916 1,359,000 36,98320,33816,645 27.215.012.2 3.86
1917 1,387,000 36,75217,34819,404 26.512.514.0 3.74
1918 1,409,000 38,91420,00918,905 27.614.213.4 3.69
1919 1,442,000 39,30718,90420,403 27.313.114.1 3.64
1920 1,473,000 39,33519,04120,294 26.712.913.8 3.59
1921 1,505,000 39,61118,44921,162 26.312.314.1 3.53
1922 1,542,000 40,26116,41523,846 26.110.615.5 3.48
1923 1,579,000 40,23118,11022,121 25.511.514.0 3.45
1924 1,616,000 41,88019,13222,748 25.911.814.1 3.43
1925 1,653,000 42,16719,33222,835 25.511.713.8 3.4
1926 1,695,000 43,09117,82825,263 25.410.514.9 3.37
1927 1,737,000 42,84519,93922,906 24.711.513.2 3.34
1928 1,782,000 44,63219,07025,562 25.010.714.3 3.27
1929 1,823,000 44,23619,66024,576 24.310.813.5 3.2
1930 1,875,000 45,71820,04925,669 24.410.713.7 3.13
1931 1,922,000 44,85421,16323,691 23.311.012.3 3.06
1932 1,956,000 44,03619,82524,211 22.510.112.4 2.99
1933 1,982,000 41,65020,35821,292 21.010.310.7 2.93
1934 2,007,000 41,33720,06521,272 20.610.010.6 2.86
1935 2,030,000 41,42621,51419,912 20.410.69.8 2.8
1936 2,053,000 40,70519,84320,862 19.89.710.2 2.74
1937 2,080,000 41,33721,56119,776 19.910.49.5 2.68
1938 2,108,000 41,70121,65820,043 19.810.39.5
1939 2,132,000 42,86219,34123,521 20.19.111.0
1940 2,155,000 42,89320,69522,198 19.99.610.3
1941 2,175,000 44,28720,38123,906 20.49.411.0
1942 2,194,000 42,67020,64622,024 19.49.410.0
1943 2,211,000 43,50020,73822,762 19.79.410.3
1944 2,216,000 46,44319,99026,453 21.09.011.9
1945 2,266,000 49,02119,62729,394 21.68.713.0
1946 2,290,000 48,97818,41530,563 21.48.013.3
1947 2,317,000 46,79620,13926,657 20.28.711.5
1948 2,343,000 49,03319,32629,707 20.98.212.7
1949 2,383,000 54,83818,35136,487 23.07.715.3
1950 2,239,000 56,85819,19937,659 25.48.616.8
1951 2,261,000 45,28119,19026,091 20.08.511.5
1952 2,286,000 46,71019,08327,627 20.48.412.1
1953 2,313,000 47,46419,40828,056 20.58.412.1
1954 2,342,000 49,88819,15330,735 21.38.213.1
1955 2,373,000 56,11120,61135,500 23.78.715.0
1956 2,405,000 56,38919,89536,494 23.58.315.2
1957 2,438,000 56,33721,72234,615 23.18.914.2
1958 2,471,000 57,10020,93736,163 23.18.514.6
1959 2,505,000 56,58923,52333,066 22.69.413.2
1960 2,539,000 56,30222,10438,507 22.28.715.2
1961 2,572,000 54,95021,95442,503 21.48.516.5
1962 2,604,000 56,12022,56343,541 21.68.716.7
1963 2,635,000 57,14123,52439,542 21.78.915.0
1964 2,666,000 55,10024,11838,707 20.79.014.5
1965 2,695,000 53,83024,77435,440 20.09.213.2
1966 2,723,000 51,12024,86233,966 18.89.112.5
1967 2,750,000 52,01026,48434,024 18.99.612.4
1968 2,775,000 53,33025,99135,277 19.29.412.7
1969 2,795,000 56,75027,54428,456 20.39.910.2
1970 2,810,000 54,87026,44128,429 19.59.410.1
1971 2,818,000 55,99028,52727,463 19.910.19.7
1972 2,822,000 56,47028,32728,143 20.010.010.0
1973 2,822,000 56,64028,43828,202 20.110.110.0
1974 2,824,000 58,28028,28929,991 20.710.010.6
1975 2,830,000 59,14027,43731,703 20.99.711.2
1976 2,842,000 59,19028,84530,345 20.810.210.7
1977 2,857,000 57,97628,92729,049 20.310.110.2
1978 2,876,000 57,27628,04129,235 19.99.810.2
1979 2,896,000 55,77028,32127,449 19.39.89.5
1980 2,916,000 53,85429,84424,010 19.110.68.5
1981 2,935,000 53,92327,64426,279 18.49.49.0
1982 2,954,000 53,71327,18626,527 18.29.29.0
1983 2,973,000 53,40528,47524,930 18.09.68.4
1984 2,993,000 53,34830,01123,337 17.810.07.8
1985 3,012,000 53,76628,56625,200 17.99.58.4
1986 3,031,000 54,08028,79125,289 17.99.58.4
1987 3,050,000 53,36829,88523,483 17.59.87.7
1988 3,069,000 55,79830,91224,886 18.210.18.1
1989 3,089,000 55,32429,62125,703 17.99.68.3
1990 3,110,000 56,01330,21026,277 18.09.78.5
1991 3,132,000 54,75429,77424,980 17.59.58.0 2.51
1992 3,155,000 54,19030,00824,182 17.29.57.7 2.49
1993 3,178,000 55,95331,61624,337 17.69.97.7 2.46
1994 3,201,000 55,99030,12225,868 17.59.48.1 2.43
1995 3,224,000 56,69531,52525,170 17.69.87.8 2.40
1996 3,248,000 58,86231,10827,754 18.19.68.5 2.40
1997 3,271,000 58,03230,45127,581 17.79.38.4 2.24
1998 3,292,000 54,76031,91722,843 16.69.76.9 2.29
1999 3,309,000 54,00432,43021,574 16.39.86.5 2.24
2000 3,321,000 52,77030,45622,314 15.99.26.7 2.21
2001 3,327,000 51,95931,22820,731 15.69.46.2 2.16
2002 3,328,000 51,95331,62820,325 15.69.56.1 2.18
2003 3,325,000 50,63132,58718,044 15.29.85.4 2.14
2004 3,324,000 50,05232,22017,832 15.19.75.4 2.13
2005 3,325,000 46,94432,31914,625 14.19.74.4 1.99
2006 3,330,000 47,41031,05616,354 14.29.34.9 2.01
2007 3,338,000 47,37333,70613,667 14.210.14.1 1.98
2008 3,349,000 47,48431,36316,121 14.29.44.8 1.97
2009 3,360,000 47,15232,17914,973 14.19.64.5 1.93
2010 3,372,000 47,42033,47413,946 14.110.04.2 1.92
2011 3,383,000 46,69932,80713,892 13.99.74.1 1.90
2012 3,426,000 48,20033,00215,198 14.39.84.5 1.94
2013 3,440,000 48,68132,79515,886 14.29.54.7 1.96
2014 3,453,000 48,36832,12016,248 14.09.44.6 1.96
2015 3,467,000 48,92632,96715,959 14.19.54.6 1.94
2016 3,479,000 47,04934,27412,775 13.59.83.7 1.88
2017 3,493,000 43,03633,1739,863 12.39.52.8 1.71
2018 3,506,000 40,13934,2695,870 11.49.81.6 1.60
2019 3,518,000 37,46834,8072,661 10.69.90.7 1.49
2020 3,530,912 35,86632,6403,226 10.29.21.0 1.42
2021 3,543,026 34,59741,729-7,132 9.811.8-2.0 1.35
2022 3,554,915 32,30139,376-7,075 9.111.1-2.0 1.28

Current vital statistics

[10]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - March 2022 10,442
January - March 2023 7,976
Difference Positive decrease -2,466 (-23.62%)

Origins and ethnicity

Ethnic groups in Uruguay[11][12]

  White (87.7%)
  Black (4.6%)
  Indigenous (2.4%)
  Asian (0.2%)
  Other/none (5.1%)

Uruguayans share a Spanish linguistic and heavily Spanish cultural background with its neighbour Argentina. Most Uruguayans are descended from colonial-era settlers and immigrants from Europe with almost 96% of the population being of either sole or partial European descent,[13] with a majority of these being Spaniards, followed closely by Italians, and smaller numbers of French, Germans, Portuguese, British (English or Scots), Irish, Swiss, Russians, Poles, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Estonians, Latvians, Swedes, Danes, Dutch, Belgians, Austrians, Croats, Serbs, Greeks and others.

There are also smaller numbers of Western Asian (Turks, Israelis, and Lebanese) and Caucasian ethnic groups (Armenians, Georgians, and Azeris).

Many Swiss settlements (colonias or "colonies"), such as Colonia Suiza, Colonia Valdense and Nueva Helvecia, were founded in the department of Colonia. Also, there are towns founded by early British settlers, such as Conchillas and Barker. A Russian colony called San Javier is found in the department of Río Negro. There are Mennonite colonies in the department of Río Negro and in the department of Canelones.

Many of the European immigrants arrived in the late 19th century and have heavily influenced the architecture and culture of Montevideo and other major cities. For this reason, Montevideo and life within the city are very reminiscent of Western Europe.

The rest of the Uruguayan population is Black/Afro-Uruguayan of African descent and about 1 or 2% are of Asian descent, mostly are Lebanese/Syrian Arab, and Chinese or Japanese ancestry.

Amerindians descendants make up a small population in the Rural North region, with Mestizos making up 6% of the population.

Demographic distribution

Metropolitan Montevideo, with about one and a half million inhabitants, is the capital and largest city. The rest of the urban population lives in about 20 towns. Montevideo is about 200 kilometers (120 mi) away from Buenos Aires in neighboring Argentina.

Uruguay is distinguished by its high literacy rate (97.3%) and a large urban middle class.

As a result of the low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration of younger people, Uruguay's population is quite mature. In 2006, the country had a birth rate of 13.91 births per thousand population, lower than neighboring countries Argentina (16.73 births/1000 population)[3] and Brazil (16.56 births/1,000 population).

Emigration

During the past four decades, an estimated 500,000 Uruguayans had emigrated, principally to Brazil, Argentina and Europe. (Argentina is the main destination for Uruguayans, but they are also drawn to Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, France and Germany.)[14] Other Uruguayans went to various countries in Europe, Australia and the USA.

Neighboring ties and short distances between Uruguayan cities and Argentine capital Buenos Aires, have drawn a path of success for very talented Uruguayans who settled in the neighbor country and became famous and locally accepted. Some famous Uruguayans who excelled in Argentina are entrepreneur and financier Juan Navarro, sports journalist Victor Hugo Morales, singer and actress Natalia Oreiro, soccer players Antonio Alzamendi, Enzo Francescoli and Carlos Goyen, actor Daniel Hendler, actress China Zorrilla, entertainer Carlos Perciavalle and former playboy and journalist Luis César Avilés.

Emigration to the United States also rose at the beginning of the century, but remains a small part of the US population. The majority of Uruguayans in the US live in New York City, New Jersey, Washington, D.C., Florida, and urban areas of California.

Religion

Religion in Uruguay [15]
Religion Percent
Roman Catholic
47.1%
Nondenominational
23.2%
Agnostic or Atheist
17.2%
Non-Catholic Christian
11.1%
Other
1.1%
Jewish
0.3%

Uruguay has no official religion, church and state are officially separated, and religious freedom is guaranteed. A 2008 survey by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística of Uruguay gave Catholicism as the main religion, with 45.7% of the population, 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are Animists or Umbandists (an Afro-Brazilian religion) and 0.4% Jewish. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were Atheist or Agnostic.[16] Among the sizeable Armenian community in Montevideo the dominant religion is Christianity, specifically Armenian Apostolic.[17]

Political observers consider Uruguay the most secular country in the Americas.[18] Uruguay's secularization began with the relatively minor role of the church in the colonial era, compared with other parts of the Spanish Empire. The small numbers of Uruguay's Indians and their fierce resistance to proselytism reduced the influence of the ecclesiastical authorities.[19]

After independence, anticlerical ideas spread to Uruguay, particularly from France, further eroding the influence of the church.[20] In 1837, civil marriage was recognized and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. In 1907, divorce was legalized and in 1909, all religious instruction was banned from state schools.[19] Under the influence of the Colorado reformer José Batlle y Ordóñez (1903–1911) complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917.[19]

Demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[21]

  • One birth every 11 minutes
  • One death every 16 minutes
  • One net migrant every 180 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 42 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[22]

Population

3,369,299 (July 2014 est.)
3,400,425 (July 2018 est.)
3,416,264 (2023 est.)

Note: The 2011 Census of the National Statistics Institute of Uruguay began in September 2011 and the preliminary results, stating population of departments, were announced in December 2011. Final results with numbers for localities were still pending as of 26 June 2012.

Age structure

Population pyramid of the Uruguay in 2017
0-14 years: 19.91% (male 341,402 /female 329,474)
15-24 years: 15.56% (male 265,486 /female 258,611)
25-54 years: 39.48% (male 658,871 /female 671,172)
55-64 years: 10.68% (male 169,385 /female 190,392)
65 years and over: 14.38% (male 194,269 /female 290,237) (2018 est.)

Median age

total: 35.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 82nd
male: 33.8 years
female: 37.3 years (2020 est.)
total: 33.6 years
male: 32 years
female: 35.2 years (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy in Uruguay since 1900
Life expectancy in Uruguay since 1960 by gender
total population: 78.66 years. Country comparison to the world: 71st
male: 75.58 years
female: 81.86 years (2023 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 95.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Sex ratio

  • at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  • 15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate

0.5% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS

9,900 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS – deaths

fewer than 500 (2007 est.)

Racial groups

Racial groups in Uruguay (2011 est.)[15]
Racial groups Percent
White
87.7%
Black
4.6%
Indigenous
2.4%
Other
0.3%
None or unespecified
5%

Languages

Spanish, Portuguese, Uruguayan Sign Language.

There are other ethnic minorities speaking their original languages: Italian, Catalan, German, etc.

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98.6%
male: 98.2%
female: 99% (2017 est.)
total population: 98%
male: 97.6%
female: 98.4% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years
male: 14 years
female: 17 years (2008)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 23.8%. Country comparison to the world: 52nd
male: 20.2%
female: 28.7% (2016 est.)

Education expenditures

4.5% of GDP (2008)

See also

Notes

  1. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.

References

  1. "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
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