Uvariopsis congolana

Uvariopsis congolana
	Botanical illustration of Uvariopsis congolana using the basionym Thonnera congolana
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Magnoliids
Order:	Magnoliales
Family:	Annonaceae
Genus:	Uvariopsis
Species:	U. congolana
Binomial name
	Uvariopsis congolana; (De Wild.) R.E.Fr.
Synonyms
	Thonnera congolana De Wild. ;

Uvariopsis congolana is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is native to Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo.[2] Émile De Wildeman, the botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Thonnera congolana, named it after the Belgian Congo now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where the specimens he examined were collected near Makanza (then called Bangala) and Yambuya.[3]

Description

It is tree reaching 10 meters in height. Its slender, egg-shaped to oblong, leathery leaves are 27-30 by 6.5-9.5 centimeters. The leaves have rounded to wedge-shaped bases and tapering tips with the tapering portion up to 3 centimeters long. The leaves are hairless. The leaves have around 12 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. The secondary veins arch and connect near the margins of the leaves. Its short petioles are 4-5 millimeters long. Its flowers occur clusters on the lower trunk. Each flower is on an slender, elongated pedicel up to 38 centimeters long. The pedicels have clasping bracts that are 2 millimeters long and covered in rust-colored hair. Its flowers are unisexual. Its flowers have two sepals that are 4 millimeters long and bent back. Male flowers have 3 triangular petals in a single whorl. The petals are 2.2 by 1.7 centimeters. The petals are shallowly pointed and thickened toward their tips. Male flowers have stamens that consist of an anther without a stalk (filament). The anthers have two locules. Female flowers have 3 triangular petals in a single whorl. The petals are 2.2 by 1.7 centimeters. The petals are shallowly pointed and thickened toward their tips. Female flowers have hairy, irregularly cylindrical carpels that are truncated at the top. The carpels have indistinct stigmas. The fruit are oblong to elliptical, with wedge shaped bases and tips and are 5-8 by 2.5-3.2 centimeters. The surface of the fruit has prominent vein-like patterning.[3]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of U. congolana is shed as permanent tetrads.[4]

Distribution and habitat

It has been observed growing in rain forests.[5]

Uses

Bioactive compounds extracted from its tissues, have been reported to have antiplasmodial activity in laboratory tests using cultured Plasmodium falciparum.[6]

References

Harvey-Brown, Y. (2019). "Uvariopsis congolana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T133045403A149068858. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T133045403A149068858.en. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
"Uvariopsis congolana (De Wild.) R.E.Fr". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
De Wildeman, Émile (1909). Études de Systématique et de Géographie Botaniques sur la Flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo [Studies of Systematics and Botanical Geography on the Flora of Lower and Middle Congo]. Annales du Museé du Congo (in French and Latin). Vol. 3. Brussels: Par ordre du Secrétaire d'États.
Knox, R.B.; McConchie, C.A. (1986). "Structure and function of compound pollen". In Blackmore, S.; Ferguson, I.K. (eds.). Pollen and Spores Form and Function. Academic Press. pp. 265–282. ISBN 0-12-103460-7.
"Uvariopsis congolana (De Wild.) R.E.Fr". African Plant Database. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. n.d. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
Boyom, Fabrice Fekam; Kemgne, Eugénie Madiesse; Tepongning, Roselyne; Ngouana, Vincent; Mbacham, Wilfred Fon; Tsamo, Etiene; Zollo, Paul Henri Amvam; Gut, Jiri; Rosenthal, Philip J. (2009). "Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 123: 483–488. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.008.

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[IUCNstatus2019-1] Harvey-Brown, Y. (2019). "Uvariopsis congolana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T133045403A149068858. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T133045403A149068858.en. Retrieved 11 June 2022.

[2] "Uvariopsis congolana (De Wild.) R.E.Fr". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved June 11, 2022.

[Wildeman1909-3] De Wildeman, Émile (1909). Études de Systématique et de Géographie Botaniques sur la Flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo [Studies of Systematics and Botanical Geography on the Flora of Lower and Middle Congo]. Annales du Museé du Congo (in French and Latin). Vol. 3. Brussels: Par ordre du Secrétaire d'États.

[KnoxMcConchie1986-4] Knox, R.B.; McConchie, C.A. (1986). "Structure and function of compound pollen". In Blackmore, S.; Ferguson, I.K. (eds.). Pollen and Spores Form and Function. Academic Press. pp. 265–282. ISBN 0-12-103460-7.

[APD-5] "Uvariopsis congolana (De Wild.) R.E.Fr". African Plant Database. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. n.d. Retrieved June 11, 2022.

[Boyom2009-6] Boyom, Fabrice Fekam; Kemgne, Eugénie Madiesse; Tepongning, Roselyne; Ngouana, Vincent; Mbacham, Wilfred Fon; Tsamo, Etiene; Zollo, Paul Henri Amvam; Gut, Jiri; Rosenthal, Philip J. (2009). "Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 123: 483–488. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.008.