Vikas (rocket engine)

Vikas
	Model of the Vikas engine
Country of origin	India
Designer	Société Européenne de Propulsion (SEP); ISRO (licensed version);
Manufacturer	Godrej & Boyce and MTAR Technologies[1]
Predecessor	Viking
Status	Active
Liquid-fuel engine
Propellant	N2O4 / UDMH
Cycle	Gas generator
Performance
Thrust	850 kN[2]
Chamber pressure	6.2 MPa (62 bar) [3][4]
Specific impulse, vacuum	293 seconds (2.87 km/s)[3]
Specific impulse, sea-level	262 seconds (2.57 km/s)[3]
Dimensions
Length	3.70 m (12.1 ft)(Vikas-4B)
Dry weight	120 in (3,000 mm)
Used in
	2nd stage of PSLV and GSLV ; Main stage L110 of LVM3

The Vikas (a portmanteau from initials of VIKram Ambalal Sarabhai[5][6] ) is a family of liquid fuelled rocket engines conceptualized and designed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre in the 1970s.[7][8] The design was based on the licensed version of the Viking engine with the chemical pressurisation system.[9] The early production Vikas engines used some imported French components which were later replaced by domestically produced equivalents.[10] It is used in the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and LVM3 for space launch use.

Vikas engine is used to power the second stage of PSLV, boosters and second stage of GSLV Mark I and II and also the core stage of LVM3. The propellant loading for Vikas engine in PSLV, GSLV Mark I and II is 40 tons, while in LVM3 is 55 tons.

History

In 1974, Societe Europeenne de Propulsion agreed to transfer Viking engine technology in return for 100 man-years of engineering work from ISRO. The first engine built from the acquired technology was tested successfully in 1985 by Nambi Narayanan and his team at ISRO and named it Vikas.[11]

Technical details

PSLV-C50 second stage with Vikas engine

The engine uses up about 40 metric tons of UDMH as fuel and Nitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄) as oxidizer with a maximum thrust of 725 kN. An upgraded version of the engine has a chamber pressure of 58.5 bar as compared to 52.5 bar in the older version and produces a thrust of 800 kN. The engine is capable of gimballing.

For launches from 2018 a 6% increased thrust version of the Vikas engine was developed. It was demonstrated on 29 March 2018 in the GSAT 6A launch second stage. It will be used for the four Vikas engines first stage boosters on future missions.[12]

Variants

Type	Nozzle Diameter (m)	Length (m)	Nozzle Area Ratio	Chamber pressure (MPa)	Fuel	Mix Rate	Flow rate (t/sec)	Thrust(kN)		Specific Impulse (Ns/kg)		Launcher Stages
Type	Nozzle Diameter (m)	Length (m)	Nozzle Area Ratio	Chamber pressure (MPa)	Fuel	Mix Rate		Sea Level	Vacuum	Sea Level	Vacuum	Launcher Stages
Booster/first stage
Vikas-2	~1.00	~2.75	13.9	5.30	UDMH / N₂O₄	1.86	0.2469	600.5	680.5	2432	2756	GSLV Mk.I L40H Strapon
Vikas-2B	~1.00	~2.75	13.9	5.30	UH 25 / N₂O₄	1.87	0.2710	677.7	765.5	2501	2824	GSLV Mk.II L40H Strapon
Vikas-X	~1.80	~3.75			UH 25 / N₂O₄		0.2805	756.5	839.0	2697	2991	LVM3 L110 stage
Second stage
Vikas-4	~1.50	~3.50		5.35	UDMH / N₂O₄	1.86	0.2498	-	725.0		2903	GSLV Mk.I GS2 stage, PSLV PS2 stage
Vikas-4B	~1.80	~3.70		5.85	UH 25 / N₂O₄	1.71	0.2716	-	804.5		2962	GSLV Mk.II GS2 stage, PSLV PS2 stage
References:[13]

References

"Manna from Mars ISRO's first mission to the red planet provides a fillip to its local component suppliers". Business Today. 8 December 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines Archived 2015-12-22 at the Wayback Machine Norbert Brügge, Germany 24 December 2014
PSLV Launch Vehicle Information Space Flight 101 24 December 2014
"With eye on lunar mission, ISRO to test high-thrust Vikas engine". Retrieved 21 May 2022.
M Ramesh (18 December 2014). "Godrej Aerospace to make semi-cryogenic engines". The Hindu Business Line.
Narayanan, Nambi; Ram, Arun (2018). Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 191. ISBN 978-93-86826-27-5.
"ISRO tests Vikas engine". The Hindu. 3 December 2001. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
K.S. Jayaraman (2 August 2009). "Unsung hero of moon mission is sad but forgiving". Thaindian.com. IANS. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
Sutton, George Paul (2006). History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 799. ISBN 9781563476495.
Sutton, George Paul (2006). History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 882. ISBN 9781563476495.
Muthunayagam, A.E (10 December 2015). Rao, P.V. Manoranjan (ed.). From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey. Harper Collins. p. 344. ISBN 978-93-5177-690-1.
Clark, Stephen (29 March 2018). "India tests upgraded engine tech in successful communications satellite launch". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
Brügge, Norbert. "India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines". B14643 Internet Presentation to Space Launch Vehicles. Norbert Brügge. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.

External links

"L110 test to follow S200". SuperNova. January 4, 2010.
"Class of 1974: Rocket science & reminiscences". India Today. IANS. 19 October 2015.

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[1] "Manna from Mars ISRO's first mission to the red planet provides a fillip to its local component suppliers". Business Today. 8 December 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

[Vikas1-2] India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines Archived 2015-12-22 at the Wayback Machine Norbert Brügge, Germany 24 December 2014

[PS-3] PSLV Launch Vehicle Information Space Flight 101 24 December 2014

[4] "With eye on lunar mission, ISRO to test high-thrust Vikas engine". Retrieved 21 May 2022.

[5] M Ramesh (18 December 2014). "Godrej Aerospace to make semi-cryogenic engines". The Hindu Business Line.

[6] Narayanan, Nambi; Ram, Arun (2018). Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 191. ISBN 978-93-86826-27-5.

[7] "ISRO tests Vikas engine". The Hindu. 3 December 2001. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2012.

[8] K.S. Jayaraman (2 August 2009). "Unsung hero of moon mission is sad but forgiving". Thaindian.com. IANS. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2012.

[9] Sutton, George Paul (2006). History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 799. ISBN 9781563476495.

[10] Sutton, George Paul (2006). History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 882. ISBN 9781563476495.

[FFHRP-11] Muthunayagam, A.E (10 December 2015). Rao, P.V. Manoranjan (ed.). From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey. Harper Collins. p. 344. ISBN 978-93-5177-690-1.

[sfn-20180329-12] Clark, Stephen (29 March 2018). "India tests upgraded engine tech in successful communications satellite launch". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 30 March 2018.

[13] Brügge, Norbert. "India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines". B14643 Internet Presentation to Space Launch Vehicles. Norbert Brügge. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.