Vermont's at-large congressional district

Vermont has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single at-large congressional district since the 1930 census, when the state lost its second seat, obsoleting its 1st and 2nd congressional districts. There were once six districts in Vermont, all of which were eliminated after various censuses.

Vermont's at-large congressional district
Representative
  Becca Balint
D–Brattleboro
Area9,620 sq mi (24,900 km2)
Distribution
  • 61.1% rural
  • 38.9% urban
Population (2022)647,064
Median household
income		$73,991[1]
Ethnicity
Occupation
Cook PVID+16[2]

Bernie Sanders (Independent) held the seat from 1991 until 2007, when he became a U.S. senator. Democrat Peter Welch, who succeeded Sanders in 2007, represented the state until 2023, when he was elected to succeed Patrick Leahy in the Senate. Progressive Democrat Becca Balint was elected to succeed Welch in the House for the 118th Congress. Balint is the first woman and LGBT person to represent Vermont, making Vermont the last state to be represented in Congress by a woman.

List of representatives

Vermont has elected its representatives at-large from 1813 to 1821, beginning with the 13th Congress; 1823 to 1825, with the 18th Congress; and from 1933 to the present, beginning with the 73rd Congress, after being reduced to one representative as a result of the 1930 census. In all other years, Vermont elected its representatives from separate districts.

All members were elected statewide at-large on a general ticket.

1933–present: one seat

After the 1930 United States census, Vermont was reduced to one seat, which it has used ever since.

Representative Party Years Cong
ress		 Electoral history
District re-established March 4, 1933

Ernest W. Gibson		 Republican March 4, 1933 –
October 19, 1933		 73rd Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1932.
Resigned when appointed U.S. senator.
Vacant October 19, 1933 –
January 16, 1934

Charles A. Plumley		 Republican January 16, 1934 –
January 3, 1951		 73rd
74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
79th
80th
81st		 Elected to finish Gibson's term.
Re-elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Retired.

Winston L. Prouty		 Republican January 3, 1951 –
January 3, 1959		 82nd
83rd
84th
85th		 Elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

William H. Meyer		 Democratic January 3, 1959 –
January 3, 1961		 86th Elected in 1958.
Lost re-election.

Robert Stafford		 Republican January 3, 1961 –
September 16, 1971		 87th
88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd		 Elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Resigned when appointed U.S. senator.
Vacant September 16, 1971 –
January 7, 1972		 92nd

Richard W. Mallary		 Republican January 7, 1972 –
January 3, 1975		 92nd
93rd		 Elected to finish Stafford's term.
Re-elected in 1972.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Jim Jeffords
(Rutland)		 Republican January 3, 1975 –
January 3, 1989		 94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th		 Elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Peter P. Smith
(Burlington)		 Republican January 3, 1989 –
January 3, 1991		 101st Elected in 1988.
Lost re-election.

Bernie Sanders
(Burlington)		 Independent January 3, 1991 –
January 3, 2007		 102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th		 Elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Peter Welch
(Norwich)		 Democratic January 3, 2007 –
January 3, 2023		 110th
111th
112th
113th
114th
115th
116th
117th		 Elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Becca Balint
(Brattleboro)		 Democratic January 3, 2023 –
present		 118th Elected in 2022.

Electoral history

1990

Independent Bernie Sanders defeated incumbent Republican Peter Plympton Smith.

1990 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Bernie Sanders 117,522 56.0
Republican Peter Plympton Smith (incumbent) 82,938 39.52
Democratic Lewis E. Young 6,315 3.01
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 1,965 0.94
Write-in Write-ins 1,116 0.53
Majority 34,584 16.48
Turnout 209,856
Independent gain from Republican Swing

1992

Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election.

1992 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 162,724 57.78 +1.78%
Republican Tim Philbin 86,901 30.86 +2.35%
Democratic Lewis E. Young 22,279 7.91 +4.9%
Natural Law John Dewey 3,549 1.26 +1.26%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 3,660 1.30 +0.36%
Freedom for LaRouche Douglas M. Miller 2,049 0.73 +0.73%
Write-in Write-ins 464 0.16 −0.37%
Majority 75,823 26.92
Turnout 281,626
Independent hold Swing

1994

Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election.

1994 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 105,502 44.84 −12.94%
Republican John Carroll 98,523 41.87 +11.01%
Natural Law Carole Banus 2,963 1.26 +0.00
Green Jack Rogers 2,664 1.13 +1.13%
Liberty Union Annette Larson 1,493 0.63 −0.67%
Write-in Write-ins 304 0.13 −0.03%
Majority 6,979 2.97 -23.95%
Turnout 235,279
Independent hold Swing

1996

Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election.

1996 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 140,678 55.23 +10.39%
Republican Susan W. Sweetser 82,021 32.59 −9.28%
Democratic Jack Long 23,830 9.36 +9.36%
Libertarian Thomas J. Morse 2,693 1.06 +1.06%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 1,965 0.77 +0.14%
Green Robert Melamede 1,350 0.53 −0.60%
Natural Law Norio Kushi 812 0.32 −0.94%
Write-in Write-ins 357 0.14 +0.01%
Majority 57,657 22.64 +19.67%
Turnout 254,706
Independent hold Swing

1998

Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election.

1998 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 136,403 63.40 +8.17%
Republican Mark Candon 70,740 32.88 +0.29%
Green Matthew Mulligan 3,464 1.61 +1.08%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 2,153 1.01 +0.24%
Libertarian Robert Maynard 2,097 0.97 −0.09%
Write-in Write-ins 276 0.13 −0.01%
Majority 65,663 30.52 +7.88%
Turnout 215,133
Independent hold Swing

2000

Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election.

2000 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 196,118 69.21 +5.81%
Republican Karen Ann Kerin 51,977 18.34 −14.54%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 14,918 5.26 +3.65%
Independent Stewart Skrill 4,799 1.69 +1.69%
Green Jack Rogers 2,978 1.05 −0.56%
Libertarian Daniel H. Krymkowski 2,978 1.05 +0.08%
Write-in Write-ins 760 0.27 +0.14%
Majority 144,141 50.87 +20.35%
Turnout 283,366
Independent hold Swing

2002

Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election.

2002 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 144,880 64.32 −4.89%
Republican William Meub 72,813 32.32 +13.98%
Liberty Union Jane Newton 3,185 1.41 −3.85%
Grassroots Fawn Skinner 2,344 1.04 −0.01%
Libertarian Daniel H. Krymkowski 2,033 0.90 −0.15%
Majority 72,067 32.00
Turnout 225,255
Independent hold Swing

2004
Further information: 2004 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont

Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election.

2004 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 205,774 67.47 +2.8%
Republican Greg Parke 74,271 24.35 −7.7%
Democratic Larry Drown 21,684 7.11 +7.1%
Liberty Union Jane Newton 3,018 0.99 −0.3%
Write-in Write-ins 261 0.09 New
Majority 131,503 43.12
Turnout 305,008
Independent hold Swing +5.3

2006
Further information: 2006 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont

Incumbent Bernie Sanders retired to successfully run for a U.S. Senate seat.

Vermont Senate President Pro Tempore Peter Welch (D-Windsor County) was the Democratic nominee and the eventual winner.

Three candidates competed for the Republican nomination:

Rainville won the Republican primary on September 12, beating Shepard by a wide margin.

There were also numerous third party and independent candidates: Chris Karr (WTP), Bruce Marshall (Green Party), Dennis Morrisseau (Ind), Jane Newton (Liberty Union Party), Keith Stern (Ind), and Jerry Trudell (Ind). Morrisseau gathered the most votes, with 1% or 1,383 votes.

By September 14, 2006, the race between Rainville and Welch was close. An American Research Group poll showed Welch with a 48–45% lead.[4]

On October 4, 2006, The Burlington Free Press reported that one of Rainville's staffers, Christopher Stewart, resigned from her campaign after committing plagiarism—copying policy statements from other politicians, including senator Hillary Clinton, and using them on Rainville's website. Rainville's website was off-line for some time while her staff removed the plagiarized passages.[5]

Welch beat Rainville 53% to 45%, or 139,585 votes to 117,211.

2006 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Peter Welch (incumbent) 139,815 53.22 +46.1
Republican Martha Rainville 117,023 44.54 +20.1
Independent Dennis Morrisseau 1,390 0.53 +0.53
Independent Jerry Trudell 1,013 0.39 +0.39
Green Bruce Marshall 994 0.38 +0.38
Independent Keith Stern 963 0.37 +0.37
Liberty Union Jane Newton 721 0.27 −0.7
We the People Chris Karr 599 0.23 +0.23
Write-in Write-ins 208 0.08 +0.08
Majority 22,792 8.68 −34.4
Turnout 262,726
Democratic gain from Independent Swing

2008
Further information: 2008 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
2008 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Peter Welch (incumbent) 248,203 83.25 +30.03%
Independent Mike Bethel 14,349 4.18 +4.18
Energy Independence Jerry Trudell 10,818 3.63 +3.63%
Progressive Thomas James Hermann 9,081 3.05 +3.05%
Independent Cris Ericson 7,841 2.63 +2.63%
Liberty Union Jane Newton 5,307 1.78 +1.51%
Write-in Write-ins 2,552 0.86 +0.78%
Majority 233,854 79.07
Turnout 298,151
Democratic hold Swing

2010
Further information: 2010 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
2010 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Peter Welch (incumbent) 154,006 64.57 −18.68%
Republican Paul D. Beaudry 76,403 32.03 +32.03%
Independent Gus Jaccaci 4,704 1.97 +1.97%
Socialist Jane Newton 3,222 1.35 −0.43%
Write-in Write-ins 186 0.08 −0.78%
Majority 77,603 32.54
Turnout 238,521
Democratic hold Swing

2012
Further information: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
2012 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Peter Welch (incumbent) 208,600 72.01 +7.44%
Republican Mark Donka 67,543 23.32 −8.71%
Independent James "Sam" Desrochers 8,302 2.87 +0.90%
Liberty Union Jane Newton 4,065 1.40 +1.40%
VoteKISS[6] Andre Laframboise 1,153 0.40 +0.40%
Majority 141,057 48.69
Turnout 289,663
Democratic hold Swing

2014
Further information: 2014 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
2014 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Peter Welch (incumbent) 123,349 64.41% -7.60%
Republican Mark Donka 59,432 31.03% +7.71%
Independent Cris Ericson 2,750 1.44% N/A
Liberty Union Matthew Andrews 2,071 1.08% -0.34%
Independent Jerry Trudell 2,024 1.06% N/A
Independent Randall Meyer 1,685 0.88% N/A
n/a Write-ins 193 0.10% N/A
Total votes '191,504' '100.0%' N/A
Democratic hold

2016
Further information: 2016 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
2016 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district[8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic/Republican Peter Welch (incumbent) 264,414 89.53 +25.12
Liberty Union Erica Clawson 29,410 9.96 +8.88
Write-in 1,510 0.51 +0.41
Total votes 295,334 100.0
Democratic hold

2018
Further information: 2018 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
2018 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district[9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Peter Welch (incumbent) 188,547 69.20% -13.31%
Republican Anya Tynio 70,705 25.95% N/A
Marijuana Cris Ericson 9,110 3.34% N/A
Liberty Union Laura Potter 3,924 1.44% -7.74%
Write-in 165 0.07% -0.39%
Total votes 272,451 100.0% N/A
Democratic hold

2020
Further information: 2020 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
2020 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district[10]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Peter Welch (incumbent) 238,827 67.31% -1.89%
Republican Miriam Berry 95,830 27.01% +1.06%
Independent Peter R. Becker 8,065 2.27% N/A
Independent Marcia Horne 4,334 1.22% N/A
Communist Christopher Helali 3,432 0.97% N/A
Independent Shawn Orr 1,926 0.54% N/A
Independent Jerry Trudell 1,881 0.53% N/A
Write-in 542 0.15% +0.08%
Total votes 345,837 100.0% N/A
Democratic hold

2022
Further information: 2022 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
2022 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont: Vermont's at-large district[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Becca Balint 176,494 60.45% –6.86
Republican Liam Madden 78,297 26.85% -0.16%
Libertarian Ericka Redic 12,590 4.31% N/A
Independent Matt Druzba 5,737 1.97% N/A
Independent Luke Talbot 4,428 1.52% N/A
Independent Adam Ortiz 3,376 1.16% N/A
Total votes 291,955 100.0%
Democratic hold

Sources
  • Office of the Clerk: Election Statistics since 1920
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

Notes

    References
    1. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
    2. "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". The Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
    3. Dritschilo, Gordon (July 21, 2005). "GOP candidate calls for impeachment". Rutland Herald. Archived from the original on October 31, 2005. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
    4. "Vermont US Congress". American Research Group, Inc. September 29, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
    5. Hallenbeck, Terri (October 4, 2006). "Rainville staff rewrites statements. Web site closed over plagiarism". Burlington Free Press. Retrieved April 13, 2017. Alt URL
    6. "VoteKISS Home". VoteKISS party.
    7. "VT Elections Database: Election Results Archive".
    8. "Official Results - General Election - November 8, 2016". Vermont Secretary of State. November 8, 2016. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
    9. Johnson, Cheryl L. (February 28, 2019). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 2018". Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
    10. "2020 General Election Canvass Report" (PDF). Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
    11. "Election Results". Vermont Secretary of State.
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