Isotopes of vanadium

Isotopes of vanadium (₂₃V)
β−	50Cr
Standard atomic weight Ar°(V)
	50.9415±0.0001; 50.942±0.001 (abridged)[1][2];

Naturally occurring vanadium (₂₃V) is composed of one stable isotope ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope ⁵⁰V with a half-life of 2.71×10¹⁷ years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days, and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being ⁴²V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for ⁶⁰V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture. The next most common mode is beta decay. The primary decay products before ⁵¹V are element 22 (titanium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium) isotopes.

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life [n 4][n 5]	Decay mode [n 6]	Daughter isotope [n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 5]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)		Note
Nuclide [n 1]	Excitation energy[n 5]			Half-life [n 4][n 5]	Decay mode [n 6]	Daughter isotope [n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 5]	Normal proportion	Range of variation	Note
⁴⁰V	23	17	40.01109(54)#		p	³⁹Ti	2−#
⁴¹V	23	18	40.99978(22)#		p	⁴⁰Ti	7/2−#
⁴²V	23	19	41.99123(21)#	<55 ns	p	⁴¹Ti	2−#
⁴³V	23	20	42.98065(25)#	80# ms	β⁺	⁴³Ti	7/2−#
⁴⁴V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β⁺ (>99.9%)	⁴⁴Ti	(2+)
⁴⁴V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β⁺, α (<.1%)	⁴⁰Ca	(2+)
^44mV	270(100)# keV			150(3) ms	β⁺	⁴⁴Ti	(6+)
⁴⁵V	23	22	44.965776(18)	547(6) ms	β⁺	⁴⁵Ti	7/2−
⁴⁶V	23	23	45.9602005(11)	422.50(11) ms	β⁺	⁴⁶Ti	0+
^46mV	801.46(10) keV			1.02(7) ms	IT	⁴⁶V	3+
⁴⁷V	23	24	46.9549089(9)	32.6(3) min	β⁺	⁴⁷Ti	3/2−
⁴⁸V	23	25	47.9522537(27)	15.9735(25) d	β⁺	⁴⁸Ti	4+
⁴⁹V	23	26	48.9485161(12)	329(3) d	EC	⁴⁹Ti	7/2−
⁵⁰V[n 9]	23	27	49.9471585(11)	2.71(13)×10¹⁷ y	EC (83%)	⁵⁰Ti	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487–0.002502
⁵⁰V[n 9]	23	27	49.9471585(11)	2.71(13)×10¹⁷ y	β⁻ (17%)	⁵⁰Cr	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487–0.002502
⁵¹V	23	28	50.9439595(11)	Stable			7/2−	0.99750(4)	0.997498–0.997513	See V-51 nuclear magnetic resonance
⁵²V	23	29	51.9447755(11)	3.743(5) min	β⁻	⁵²Cr	3+
⁵³V	23	30	52.944338(3)	1.60(4) min	β⁻	⁵³Cr	7/2−
⁵⁴V	23	31	53.946440(16)	49.8(5) s	β⁻	⁵⁴Cr	3+
^54mV	108(3) keV			900(500) ns			(5+)
⁵⁵V	23	32	54.94723(11)	6.54(15) s	β⁻	⁵⁵Cr	(7/2−)#
⁵⁶V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁶Cr	(1+)
⁵⁶V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁵Cr	(1+)
⁵⁷V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁷Cr	(3/2−)
⁵⁷V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁶Cr	(3/2−)
⁵⁸V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁸Cr	3+#
⁵⁸V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁷Cr	3+#
⁵⁹V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁹Cr	7/2−#
⁵⁹V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁸Cr	7/2−#
⁶⁰V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁶⁰Cr	3+#
⁶⁰V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁹Cr	3+#
^60m1V	0(150)# keV			40(15) ms			1+#
^60m2V	101(1) keV			>400 ns
⁶¹V	23	38	60.96848(43)#	47.0(12) ms	β⁻	⁶¹Cr	7/2−#
⁶²V	23	39	61.97378(54)#	33.5(20) ms	β⁻	⁶²Cr	3+#
⁶³V	23	40	62.97755(64)#	17(3) ms	β⁻	⁶³Cr	(7/2−)#
⁶⁴V	23	41	63.98347(75)#	10# ms [>300 ns]
⁶⁵V	23	42	64.98792(86)#	10# ms			5/2−#
⁶⁶V[3]	23	43	65.99324(54)#	10# ms (>620 ns)	β⁻?[n 10]	⁶⁶Cr
					β⁻, n?[n 10]	⁶⁵Cr
					β⁻, 2n?[n 10]	⁶⁴Cr
⁶⁷V[4]	23	44	66.99813(64)#	8# ms (>620 ns)	β⁻?[n 10]	⁶⁷Cr	5/2−#
					β⁻, n?[n 10]	⁶⁶Cr
					β⁻, 2n?[n 10]	⁶⁵Cr
This table header & footer:

^mV – Excited nuclear isomer.
( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
Primordial radionuclide
Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.

References

"Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (April 2009). "Evidence for a Change in the Nuclear Mass Surface with the Discovery of the Most Neutron-Rich Nuclei with 17 ≤ Z ≤ 25". Physical Review Letters. 102 (14): 142501. arXiv:0903.1975. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.142501. PMID 19392430. S2CID 42329617. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (May 2013). "Production cross sections from 82 Se fragmentation as indications of shell effects in neutron-rich isotopes close to the drip-line". Physical Review C. 87 (5): 054612. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.87.054612.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.

"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).

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[3] V – Excited nuclear isomer.

[4] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-5] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[6] Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.

[TNN-7] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[8] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[9] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[10] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[11] Primordial radionuclide

[decay_mode_1-13] Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[12] Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (April 2009). "Evidence for a Change in the Nuclear Mass Surface with the Discovery of the Most Neutron-Rich Nuclei with 17 ≤ Z ≤ 25". Physical Review Letters. 102 (14): 142501. arXiv:0903.1975. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.142501. PMID 19392430. S2CID 42329617. Retrieved 3 January 2023.

[14] Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (May 2013). "Production cross sections from 82 Se fragmentation as indications of shell effects in neutron-rich isotopes close to the drip-line". Physical Review C. 87 (5): 054612. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.87.054612.