Cefpodoxime

Cefpodoxime is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic available in various generic preparations. It is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms with notable exceptions including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. It is typically used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and gonorrhea. It also finds use as oral continuation therapy when intravenous cephalosporins (such as ceftriaxone) are no longer necessary for continued treatment.

Cefpodoxime
Clinical data
Trade namesVantin, others
Other namesCefpodoxime proxetil
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa698024
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability50%
Protein binding21% to 29%
MetabolismNegligible. Cefpodoxime proxetil is metabolized to cefpodoxime by the liver
Elimination half-life2 hours
ExcretionKidney, unchanged
Identifiers
  • (6R,7R)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino-acetyl]amino}-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.210.871
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC15H17N5O6S2
Molar mass427.45 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)C(=N\OC)/c3nc(sc3)N)COC)C(=O)O
  • InChI=1S/C15H17N5O6S2/c1-25-3-6-4-27-13-9(12(22)20(13)10(6)14(23)24)18-11(21)8(19-26-2)7-5-28-15(16)17-7/h5,9,13H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,16,17)(H,18,21)(H,23,24)/b19-8-/t9-,13-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:WYUSVOMTXWRGEK-HBWVYFAYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Cefpodoxime inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls. It has an oral bioavailability of approximately 50%, which is increased when taken with food. It has an elimination half-life of 2-3 hours in adults, which is prolonged in renal failure. Approved indications include community acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1989.[1]

Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and resistance

Cefpodoxime has been used to treat gonorrhoea, tonsillitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis. The following minimum inhibitory concentrations have been reported:[2]

  • Haemophilus influenzae: ≤0.03 – 1 μg/ml
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae: 0.004 – 0.06 μg/ml
  • Streptococcus pyogenes: ≤0.004 – 2 μg/ml

Brand names

Zoetis markets cefpodoxime proxetil under the trade name Simplicef for veterinary use, Finecure,[3] India markets the products under trade name Cefpo.[4]

Vantin (by Pfizer)[5] in suspension or tablet form.

Toraxim (by Delta Pharma Ltd. Bangladesh)

Trucef (by Renata Limited, Bangladesh)

Tricef (by Alkaloid Skopje, North Macedonia)

Orelox (by Sanofi-Aventis)[6]

MAPDOX-CV: Cefpodoxime and Clavulanic acid combination

MONOTAX O (Cefpodoxime)/ MONOTAX CV (Cefpodoxime and Clavulanic acid combination) (by Zydus Healthcare Ltd.)

ACXIME 200/CV (by Allencia Biosciences, India)

POSTPOD-50 (Cefpodoxime 50mg/5ml) (by Laafon Galaxy Pharmaceuticals)[7]

References
  1. Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 495. ISBN 9783527607495.
  2. "Cefpodoxime, Free Acid Susceptibility and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Data" (PDF).
  3. "Pharmaceuticals Manufacturer, Marketer, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company India". www.finecurepharma.com. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  4. "Anti Biotics and Anti Bacterial". Finecurepharmaceuticalsltd. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
  5. "Vantin – Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
  6. "Orelox – Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
  7. "Postpod dry syrup". Laafon Galaxy Pharmaceuticals Company in Karnal. Retrieved 2020-09-16.
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