Whirlwinds of Danger
Whirlwinds of Danger (original Polish title: Warszawianka) is a Polish socialist revolutionary song written some time between 1879 and 1883.[1] The Polish title, a deliberate reference to the earlier song by the same title, could be translated as either The Varsovian, The Song of Warsaw (as in the Leon Lishner version[2]) or "the lady of Warsaw". To distinguish between the two, it is often called "Warszawianka 1905 roku" ("Warszawianka of 1905"), after the song became the anthem of worker protests during the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907), when 30 workers were shot[3] during the May Day demonstrations in Warsaw in 1905.
| "Warszawianka" | |
|---|---|
| Song | |
| Language | Polish, Russian |
| English title | Whirlwinds of Danger March Song of the Workers The Song of Warsaw Hostile Whirlwinds The Varsovian |
| Written | between 1879 and 1883 |
| Published | 15 September 1883 |
| Genre | Revolutionary song |
| Songwriter(s) | Wacław Święcicki Douglas Robson (1st English version) Randall Swingler (2nd English version) |
| Composer(s) | Józef Pławiński |
According to one version, Wacław Święcicki wrote the song in 1879 while serving a sentence in the Tenth Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel for socialist activity. Another popular version has it written in 1883, immediately upon Święcicki's return from exile in Siberia.[4][5] By the beginning of the next decade the song became one of the most popular revolutionary anthems in Russian-held Poland.[6] The music was written by composer Józef Pławiński, who was imprisoned together with Święcicki, inspired partially by the January Uprising song "Marsz Żuawów".[7]
Lyrics and variants
Its Russian version with altered lyrics, which removed any mention of Warsaw from the song, the "Varshavianka" (Варшавянка), once experienced considerable popularity. Gleb Krzhizhanovsky is usually reported as the author of the Russian version and the moment of writing the text is thought to be 1897, when Krzhizhanovsky was imprisoned.
The Spanish song "To The Barricades" is set to the same tune. In East Germany, a German translation was created and used as a common piece of marching music by the Army; whilst France's 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment adopted the same music using different lyrics.
In 1924, Isadora Duncan composed a dance routine called Varshavianka to the tune of the song.[8]
An English version of the lyrics, originally titled "March Song of the Workers", but known more widely as "Whirlwinds of Danger", was written by Douglas Robson, a member of the Industrial Workers of the World[9] in the 1920s. A London recording of this version by "Rufus John" Goss, made ca. 1925, is available online.[10] It was notably sung by Paul Robeson (only the first stanza)[11] and Leon Lishner (full version, but with modified lyrics).[2] A different version, which kept Robson's first stanza, but with the second and third completely rewritten by Randall Swingler, was published in 1938.[12] However, this version never achieved major popularity.
In 1936, Valeriano Orobón Fernández adapted "Warszawianka" in Spanish as "A las Barricadas", which became one of the most popular songs of the Spanish anarchists during the Spanish Civil War.
In the early 2010s, Zin Lin, a Burmese student activist, wrote a Burmese version of the song based on the Spanish version.
Polish versions
| Original Polish lyrics (Socialist version) |
|---|
Śmiało podnieśmy sztandar nasz w górę! |
| Modified Polish lyrics (Communist version) |
|---|
Śmiało podnieśmy sztandar nasz w górę! |
English translations
| English literal translation of the Communist lyrics |
|---|
Let us raise boldly our banner, |
| English literal translation of the Socialist lyrics |
|---|
Let us raise boldly our banner, |
| Douglas Robson version[9] |
|---|
Whirlwinds of danger are raging around us, |
| Modernized version[13] |
|---|
Whirlwinds of danger are raging around us, |
Other versions
| Russian version |
|---|
Вихри враждебные веют над нами, |
| German version |
|---|
Feindliche Stürme durchtoben die Lüfte, |
| Faroese version |
|---|
Hungur og neyð alt ov leingi vit kendu, |
| Chinese version |
|---|
仇恨的風在頭上咆哮怒吼， |
| Japanese version |
|---|
暴虐の雲 光を覆い |
| Romanized Japanese |
|---|
Bōgyaku no Kumo Hikari wo o-oi |
| Hungarian version |
|---|
Rontása tört ránk a dúló viharnak, |
| Norwegian version |
|---|
Fiendens stormvinder mot oss seg kaster, |
| Danish version |
|---|
Stormene glammer så vildt over lande, |
| Dutch version |
|---|
Donkere stormen staan op in de wolken, |
| Italian version |
|---|
La classe operaia, compagni, è all'attacco, |
| Swedish version |
|---|
Oss alla unga som längta och strida, |
| French version |
|---|
En rangs serrés, l'ennemi nous attaque, |
| Chinese version |
|---|
敵人的烽火在頭上吼叫，黑暗的勢力還在咆哮。 |
| Finnish version |
|---|
Riistäjät ruoskaa nyt selkäämme soittaa, |
| Greek version |
|---|
Θύελλες, άνεμοι γύρω μας πνέουν |
| Romanised Greek |
|---|
Thýelles, ánemoi gýro mas pnéoun |
| Estonian version |
|---|
Vaenlusetormid meist tuiskavad üle, |
| Bengali version |
|---|
ঝঞ্ঝা ঝড় মৃত্যু ঘিরে আজি চারিদিক |
| Icelandic version |
|---|
Uppreisnin breiðist svo ótt yfir landið. |
| Burmese version |
|---|
အရက်စက်ဆုံးအင်အားသုံး ဖိနှိပ်ကာနေသလေ။ |
| Slovene version |
|---|
Vihre sovražne pode se nad nami, |
In films
- The first words of the Russian version served as a name for 1953 film Hostile Whirlwinds.
- In Doctor Zhivago, an instrumental version of the song is played by the peaceful demonstrators in Moscow.
- The song, in version performed by The Red Army Choir, featured in the opening credits of The Jackal (credited as "Warsovienne"), as well as in the submarine scene of Hail, Caesar! (credited as "Varchavianka").
- The song, with altered lyrics, is used in the second episode of the 2018 Polish Netflix Series 1983
Citations
- Zakrzewski, pp. 13–16
- Leon Lishner – Varshavianka
- Ascher, Abraham (1994). The Revolution of 1905: Russia in Disarray, Stanford University Press, pp. 157–158, ISBN 0-8047-2327-3
- Szurczak, pp. 233–234
- Nadolski, p. 159
- Dobrowolski, p. IV
- Biblioteka Polskiej Piosenki, Warszawianka
- Varshavianka (1924) – Loyola University Chicago Department of Fine and Performing Arts]
- March Song of the Workers – Protest Song Lyrics
- Recording: "Whirlwinds of Danger", Sung by Rufus John – Exploring 20th century London]
- Paul Robeson's performance of the Warszawianka
- Alan Bush and Randall Swingler, The Left Song Book. Gollancz 1938.
- Whirlwinds of Danger – annotated at Genius.com
See also
References
- Books
- Bogdan Zakrzewski (1981). >>Warszawianka<< Wacława Święcickiego [Wacław Święcicki's "Warszawianka"] (in Polish). Ossolineum. p. 44. ISBN 9788304007925.
- Stanisław Ryszard Dobrowolski (1888). Wybór poezyj dla robotników [Selection of poems for the workers]. Biblioteka Robotnika Polskiego (in Polish). Vol. VI. Geneva-Warsaw: Proletaryat. p. 56.
- Artur Nadolski (2008). Pani Chłodna; opowieść o warszawskiej ulicy [Miss Chłodna, story of a Warsaw's street] (in Polish). Bellona. p. 491. ISBN 9788311112582.
- Journals
External links
- The English version, performed by Rufus John
- The English version, performed by Leon Lishner
- Whirlwinds of Danger (Douglas Robson) – annotated lyrics at Genius.com
- Whirlwinds of Danger (Randall Swingler) – annotated lyrics at Genius.com
- Warszawianka (Whirlwinds of Danger) (Vii-Pii) – annoted lyrics at Genius.com
- The Russian version
- The German version
- The French Version
- "The Jackal" opening scene from YouTube