Vasily Tatishchev
Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev (Russian: Васи́лий Ники́тич Тати́щев; 19 April 1686 – 15 July 1750) was a prominent Russian Imperial statesman, historian, philosopher, and ethnographer. He is known as the author of a book on Russian history titled The History of Russia (Russian: История Российская, romanized: Istoriia Rossiiskaia), posthumously published in 1767. Throughout this work, he advocates the idea that autocracy is the perfect form of government for Russia. He also founded three cities in the Russian Empire: Stavropol-on-Volga (now Tolyatti), Yekaterinburg, and Perm.
Vasily Tatishchev | |
|---|---|
Василий Татищев | |
 Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, a portrait by an unknown painter, 1800s. | |
| Born | 19 April 1686 Boredki, Ostrovsky Uyezd, Pskov Governorate |
| Died | 15 July 1750 (aged 64) Boldino, Dmitrovsky Uyezd, Moscow Governorate |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Alma mater | Jacob Bruce Moscow Artillery and Engineering School |
| Occupation(s) | historian, geographer, ethnographer, linguist, statesman |
| Known for | Book on Russian history |
| Spouse | Anna Vasilyevna Andreevskaya |
| Children | Eupraksiya Tatishcheva (1715–1769) Eugraf Tatishchev (1717–1781) |
| Parents |
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| Family | Tatischev family |
Tatishchev often did not cite his sources, which required later critical historians to find out where he got his information from. After several sources were discovered, the texts of Tatishchev which remained unaccounted for (such as the alleged Ioachim Chronicle, which has never been found) became known as "Tatishchev information", which is not to be trusted until it is supported by another extant source.[1][2]
Life
A male-line descendant of the 9th-century prince Rurik, Tatischev was born near Pskov on 19 April 1686. Having graduated from the Artillery and Engineering school in Moscow, he took part in the 1700–1721 Great Northern War with Sweden. In the service of Peter the Great he gained a prominent post in the Foreign Office, which he used to oppose the policies of the Supreme Privy Council and support Anna's ascension to the Russian throne in 1730.
He was entrusted by Anna with a lucrative office of the management of Ural factories. At that post he founded the cities of Perm and Yekaterinburg, which have since grown into the veritable capitals of the Urals. A monument to him was opened in Perm in 2003. During the Bashkir War of 1735-40 he was in command of Siberian operations from the winter of 1736-37 and head of the whole operation from the spring of 1737. He was removed from command after March 1739, nominally on charges of corruption, but mainly because he had made too many enemies. Tatischev finished his official career as a governor of Astrakhan (1741–44). He died at the Boldino estate near Moscow on 15 July 1750.
Work
Having retired from active service, the elderly statesman dedicated himself to scholarly pursuits. Feeling that the Russian historiography had been neglected, he discovered and published several legal monuments of great interest, e.g., Russkaya Pravda and Sudebnik of 1550. His magnum opus was the first sketch of Russian history, entitled Russian History Dating Back to the Most Ancient Times and published in 5 volumes after his death. He also compiled the first encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language.
The scientific merits of Tatischev's work were disputed even in the 18th century. It is true that he used some chronicles that have since been lost, leading Iakov Lur'e to write of "Tatishchev Information," which he defined as "data unique to that historian,"[3] but most of them (notably the Ioachim Chronicle) were of dubious authenticity. It is also true that he could never tell a genuine work from a fake, and some incidents inserted in his history could have been products of his own fancy.
Memorialization
Places
Several inhabited locations in Saratov Oblast, Samara Oblast and Orenburg Oblast are named after Tatishchev.
There are Tatishchev Streets in Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Kaliningrad, Samara, Buribay and Astrakhan and a Tatishchev Boulevard in Tolyatti.
Monuments
- In September 2003 a monument was erected in honour of V.N. Tatishchev in front of the building of the Solnechnogorsk Local History Museum - a bust on a polished granite column;
- In 1998 a large equestrian statue of Tatishchev was established in Tolyatti;
- In 2003 on the 280th anniversary of Perm a monument of V.N. Tatishchev, the founder of the city, was erected in a historical place (Razgulyaysky Square that nowadays is named after Tatishchev);
- In the lobby of the Volga University n.a. Tatishchev (Tolyatti) there is a statue of V.N. Tatishchev;
- In Astrakhan there is a garden named after Tatishchev and a bust is installed on the Walk of Fame of Astrakhan land;
- In 1998 in Yekaterinburg at Plotinka (the dam of the city pond on the Iset River) a monument was erected in honour of the founders of Yekaterinburg titled "Glorious sons of Russia V.N. Tatishchev and W. de Gennin, Yekaterinburg is thankful, 1998" (rus. Славным сынам России В. Н. Татищеву и В. И. де Геннину Екатеринбург благодарный 1998 год).[4] The author of the monument is the sculptor Peter Chusovitin.[5]
Other
- An award n.a. Tatishcheva and de Gennin was established in Yekaterinburg[6] and Moscow.
- Mount Tatishchev is the highest point in the territory of modern Yekaterinburg;[7]
- In 1985 a postal envelope dedicated to Tatishchev was issued;[8]
- In 1991 in USSR as part of "Russian historians stamp series" a stamp depicting Vasily Tatishchev was issued;[9]
- A small planet, after being discovered on 27 September 1978 by the Soviet astronomer L.I. Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, was named after Tatishchev - (4235) Tatishchev;
- The Baltic sailors sail on the ship "Vasily Tatishchev" (this was requested and achieved by the inhabitants of Tolyatti);
- A school competition was named after Tatishchev;[10]
- Gymnasium No. 108 of the city of Yekaterinburg was named after Vasily Tatishchev.
See also
References
- Tolochko 2005, pp. 458–468.
- Ostrowski 2018, pp. 36, 38, 47.
- Ia. S. Lur'e, "The Problem of Source Criticism (With Reference to Medieval Russian Documents)," Slavic Review Vol. 27, No. 1. (Mar., 1968), pp. 1-22.
- Anna Zhilova (25 June 2019). "How de Gennin got a hat or why sculptors were not paid for their work" (in Russian). E1, Yekaterinburg online. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
- "Monument to Tatishchev and de Gennin in Yekaterinburg, Russia". Retrieved 2019-12-30.
- "Provisions, a commemorative medal and the procedure for submitting works for the V.N. Tatishchev and G.V. de Gennin Prize" (in Russian). docs.cntd.ru. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
- "Mount Tatishchev" (in Russian). chrontime.com. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
- "Tatishchev Vasily Nikitich on a 1985 envelope" (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-12-30.
- "Russian historian V. N. Tatishchev". Colnect. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
- "List of scientific and scientific-technical events for the federal state-funded educational institution "Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin" for 2012" (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-12-30.
Bibliography
- Anikin, Andréi : Los Pensadores Rusos. Ideas Socioeconómicas en la Rusia de los Siglos XVIII y XIX, Editorial Progreso, pp. 34–37,URRSS, Moscow, 1990.
- Deutch G. M.: Vasily Nikitich Tatischev. Sverdlovsk, 1962.
- Ostrowski, Donald (2018). "Was There a Riurikid Dynasty in Early Rus'?". Canadian-American Slavic Studies. 52 (1): 30–49. doi:10.1163/22102396-05201009.
- Peshtich S. L.: Russian historiography of the 18th century, vol. 1-2. Leningrad, 1961, 1965.
- Popov N.: Tatischev and His Time. Moscow, 1861.
- Tolochko, Oleksiy Petrovych (2005). "История Российская" Василия Татищева: источники и известия "Istoriia Rossiiskaia" Vasiliia Tatishcheva: istochniki i izvestiia [Vasily Tatishchev's "History of Russia": Sources and Information]. Moscow: Новое литературное обозрение Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. p. 543. ISBN 9795867933462. Retrieved 17 May 2023. (also published at Kritika, Kyiv, 2005)