Veillonella
Veillonella are Gram-negative bacteria (Gram stain pink) anaerobic cocci, unlike most Bacillota, which are Gram-positive bacteria.[1] This bacterium is well known for its lactate fermenting abilities. It is a normal bacterium in the intestines and oral mucosa of mammals. In humans they have been implicated in cases of osteomyelitis and endocarditis, for example with the species Veillonella parvula.
| Veillonella | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | Vellionellales |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | Veillonella Prévot 1933 |
| Type species | |
| Veillonella parvula (Veillon & Zuber 1898) Prévot 1933 | |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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"Syzygiococcus" Herzberg 1928 | |
Veillonella dispar is the most nitrate-reducing bacterium in the oral cavity, which is beneficially anti-bacterial.[2]
When Veillonella is responsible for clinical infections in humans, it should be kept in mind that more than 70% of the strains are resistant to penicillin, while more than 95% of the strains are susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate.[3]
Fermentation
Lactate is fermented to propionate and acetate by the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway. Little ATP is produced in this fermentation. High substrate affinity is suggested to be the reason.
3 Lactate → acetate + 2 propionate + CO
2+ H
2O
A study of Veillonella in endurance athletes found that a relative abundance of the bacteria in the gut is associated with increased treadmill run time performance. This effect was demonstrated to be due to the organism's propionate metabolite produced from lactic acid.[4]
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[5] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[6]
| 16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022[7][8][9] | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[10][11][12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Unassigned species:
- "V. agrestimuris" Afrizal et al. 2022
- "Ca. V. atypica" Drancourt et al. 2004 non (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982
- "V. fallax" Afrizal et al. 2022
- "V. intestinalis" Afrizal et al. 2022
- "V. massiliensis" Togo et al. 2017
- "V. variabilis" Magrassi 1944
References
- Megrian D, Taib N, Witwinowski J, Gribaldo S (2020). "One or two membranes? Diderm Firmicutes challenge the Gram-positive/Gram-negative divide". Molecular Microbiology. 113 (3): 659–671. doi:10.1111/mmi.14469. PMID 31975449.
- Mitsui T, Saito M, Harasawa R (2018). "Salivary nitrate-nitrite conversion capacity after nitrate ingestion and incidence of Veillonella spp. in elderly individuals". Journal of Oral Science. 60 (3): 405–410. doi:10.2334/josnusd.17-0337. PMID 30101819.
- Di Bella, Stefano; Antonello, Roberta Maria; Sanson, Gianfranco; Maraolo, Alberto Enrico; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Sepulcri, Chiara; Ambretti, Simone; Aschbacher, Richard; Bartolini, Laura; Bernardo, Mariano; Bielli, Alessandra (June 2022). "Anaerobic bloodstream infections in Italy (ITANAEROBY): A 5-year retrospective nationwide survey". Anaerobe. 75: 102583. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102583. hdl:11368/3020691. PMID 35568274. S2CID 248736289.
- Scheiman, Jonathan; Luber, Jacob M.; Chavkin, Theodore A.; MacDonald, Tara; Tung, Angela; Pham, Loc-Duyen; Wibowo, Marsha C.; Wurth, Renee C.; Punthambaker, Sukanya; Tierney, Braden T.; Yang, Zhen; Hattab, Mohammad W.; Avila-Pacheco, Julian; Clish, Clary B.; Lessard, Sarah; Church, George M.; Kostic, Aleksandar D. (24 June 2019). "Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism". Nature Medicine. 25 (7): 1104–1109. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0485-4. PMC 7368972. PMID 31235964.
- J.P. Euzéby. "Veillonella". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- Sayers; et al. "Veillonella". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
- "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
- "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
- Brook I (May 1996). "Veillonella infections in children". J. Clin. Microbiol. 34 (5): 1283–5. doi:10.1128/JCM.34.5.1283-1285.1996. PMC 228999. PMID 8727920.
Further reading
- Mashima, Izumi; Nakazawa, Futoshi (August 2014). "The influence of oral Veillonella species on biofilms formed by Streptococcus species". Anaerobe. 28: 54–61. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.003. PMID 24862495.
- van den Bogert, Bartholomeus; Erkus, Oylum; Boekhorst, Jos; de Goffau, Marcus; Smid, Eddy J.; Zoetendal, Erwin G.; Kleerebezem, Michiel (August 2013). "Diversity of human small intestinal Streptococcus and Veillonella populations". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 85 (2): 376–388. doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12127. PMID 23614882.
- Scheiman, Jonathan; Luber, Jacob M.; Chavkin, Theodore A.; MacDonald, Tara; Tung, Angela; Pham, Loc-Duyen; Wibowo, Marsha C.; Wurth, Renee C.; Punthambaker, Sukanya; Tierney, Braden T.; Yang, Zhen; Hattab, Mohammad W.; Avila-Pacheco, Julian; Clish, Clary B.; Lessard, Sarah; Church, George M.; Kostic, Aleksandar D. (July 2019). "Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism". Nature Medicine. 25 (7): 1104–1109. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0485-4. PMC 7368972. PMID 31235964.