Venance Payot

Venance Payot (June 26, 1826 – March 13, 1902) was a naturalist, glaciologist, alpine mountain-guide, scholar, author, and two-time mayor of Chamonix, France. He published a wide range of early scientific literature relating to the mountains of the Mont Blanc massif and undertook some of the earliest continued measurements of the movement of glaciers within that mountain range. He has been posthumously credited in mountaineering literature with being the youngest person (as of 1843) to have climbed Mont Blanc, and would have been sixteen years old at the time; other sources have challenged this.

Personal life

Payot was born in Chamonix on June 26, 1826.[1] He was the seventh child of his mother, Marie Pierrette Simond (1797–1852). His father was Pierre-Joseph Payot (1791–1858), who was a mountain guide and who led the writer Alexandre Dumas on a journey to the Mer de Glace, accompanied by the young Venance.[2]

Payot died in Chamonix on March 13, 1902, leaving behind at least one son, Paul.[3][4]

Mountain guide

Payot first became a porter, helping to carry the provisions and equipment of clients and guides into the mountains, and then became an aspirant (trainee) guide. He was then accepted into the Chamonix Guides Company (Compagnie des guides du Chamonix), receiving his certificate of admission on 11 May 1852.[2][5]

Youngest ascent of Mont Blanc

Payot has been reported in respected 20th-century mountaineering literature as being the youngest person at that time to have reached the summit of Mont Blanc. In 1843, and at the age of 16, he is stated to have been amongst a party which reached the summit of Mont Blanc.[6][7] However, one source states that he was the leader of the party,[8]: 162  whilst another source subsequently cast doubt on this accolade, suggesting the inclusion of Venance Payot's name as leader of the party could have resulted from confusion between the names of V. Payot and H. Jacot in a published account.[9]

Naturalist
View of the "Garden" on the glacier du Talefre, Mont Blanc, whose plants were studied by Payot.[10]

He was an avid collector of minerals, rocks and plants, and came to be a respected and renowned naturalist. Some of the carefully labelled specimens he amassed are now in Château d'Annecy and in the Chamonix Alpine Museum.[11] He also built up a considerable collection of books on the natural sciences and later donated some 385 items to Annecy Library, along with a 2,000 franc sum to maintain and expand it.[12]

He was a member of the Association Florimontane d'Annecy, founded in 1607, and contributed articles to that association's journal of research in the Savoy region.[13] Payot made many botanical studies of the mountains of the Mont Blanc massif, publishing numerous academic books or pamphlets on the subject, including vascular plants, ferns, bryophytes, and herpetology.

Geologist

Payot published the first systematic account of the minerals of the Mont Blanc area in 1873. His list, titled "Statistique minéralogique des environs du Mt–Blanc", catalogued 90 mineral types.[14]

Glaciologist

In 1861, Payot published the first account of bodies lost in a glacier in the Mont Blanc range being rediscovered 40 years later and some 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) lower down from the point where they were lost.[15][16] Payot's studies of the glaciers of the Mont Blanc massif resulted in his being named among some of the first glaciologists, along with the likes of Tyndall, Forbes, and Agassiz.[17]

Local politician

Payot was twice mayor of the town of Chamonix: between 1863 and 1864, and between 1881 and 1882. He later obtained a seat on the Haute-Savoie borough council from 1892 to 1898.[18][19][20]

In 1866 he worked to install a new wooden refuge for climbers attempting to climb Mont Blanc via the Grand Mulets route.[8]: 263 

In 1892 he was at the forefront of a campaign to stop the construction of the Montenvers Railway (from Chamonix to Montenvers) near the Mer de Glace. He argued that it would not attract tourists to the town, but would adversely affect the town's economy by taking trade away from the mule owners and porters who had previously taken visitors and their belongings up the mountain path.[18][21]

Honours

In 2006 a book was published containing photographs of over 90 of Payot's original, hand-labelled plant specimens.[22]

Selected publications
  • Herbier des Alpes, ou collection de plantes alpines recueillies dans les montagnes de Chamonix qui avoisinent le Mont- Blanc, by Venance Payot and Louis Coppier, Bonneville : A. Chavin, 1844.
  • Guide du botaniste au Jardin de la Mer de glace, Geneva, 1854.
  • Guide-itinéraire au Mont-Blanc, à Chamonix et dans les vallées voisines, Geneva : C.Gruaz ; Chamonix, 1857
  • Catalogue des fougères, prêles et lycopodiacées des environs du Mont-Blanc…, Paris : Cherbuliez, 1860.
  • Erpétologie, malacologie et paléontologie des environs du Mont-Blanc, Lyon : impr de Barret, 1864.
  • Lithologie – catalogue de la série des roches de la chaîne du Mont-Blanc, 3rd edition. Genève : impr. Soullier et Wirth, 1872.
  • Géologie et minéralogie des environs du Mont-Blanc, Geneva : H.Georg, 1873.
  • Guide du botaniste ou catalogue des plantes rares de la Suisse française, Lausanne : impr. Vue S. Genton and Sons, 1878.
  • Florule du Mont-Blanc : guide du botaniste et du touriste dans les Alpes Pennines, Paris : Sandoz and Thuillier, 18... 1886 . 3 volumes : 1 Phanerogams ; 2 Cryptogams ; 3 Bryophytes.
  • Oscillations des quatre grands glaciers de la vallée de Chamonix et énumération des ascensionnistes au Mont-Blanc…, Genève, J.Sandoz, 1879
  • Description pétrographique des roches des terrains cristallins primaires et sédimentaires du massif de la chaîne du Mont-Blanc…, Geneva : impr. Richter, 1885
  • Excursion au Mont Lachat et au pavillon de Bellevue, 1895
  • Statistique minéralogique et pétrographique des roches de la chaîne du Mont-Blanc. Lyon : impr. L. Jacquet, 1895.
  • Énumération des lichens des roches des Grands Mulets. Genève : impr. Romet, 1899.

Further reading
  • Vivian, R. (1986) L'épopée Vallot au Mont Blanc, ISBN 9782207232514
  • Vivian, R. (2005) Les glaciers du Mont-Blanc, La Fontaine de Siloé, ISBN 2-84206285X

References
  1. "Venance Payot (1826–1902)". data.bnf.fr. Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  2. "Venance Payot, un guide-naturaliste". www.lectura.fr. Library Portal of the Rhone-Alpes Central Cities. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  3. "Alpine Notes" (PDF). The Alpine Journal. 50: 144. 1938. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  4. "Venance Payot, Biographie & Informations". www.babelio.com. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  5. "Intendance du Faucigny". 11 May 1852. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  6. Gaillard, M.C.date=1943. "Alpine Notes: Youth and Age on Mont Blanc" (PDF). The Alpine Journal. 54 (266): 79. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  7. "Two Early Mountaineers – Chapman and Blacker" (PDF). The Alpine Journal. 61 (293): 352–355. 1956.
  8. Matthews, Charles Edward (1900). The Annals of Mont Blanc. Boston: L.C.Page & Co. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  9. Gaillard, M.C. (1950). "Edouard Ordinaire's Two Ascents of Mont Blanc in 1843" (PDF). The Alpine Journal. 57 (280): 501–506. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  10. Vénance Payot (1854). Guide du botaniste au jardin de la Mer de glace, ou, Catalogue des plantes qui croissent à cette limite de la végétation: accompagné d'un aperçu d'une notice sur l'avancement des deux principaux glaciers de la vallée. Impr. Ch. Gruaz.
  11. "Quels objets composent la collection de Venance Payot?". www.lectura.fr. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  12. "Combien de livres composent le fonds Venance Payot?". www.lectura.fr. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  13. "Académie florimontane (Annecy). Auteur du texte". visualiseur.bnf.fr. Bibliotheque Nationale Francaise. 1890. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  14. "Resources minéralogiques du massif du Mont-Blanc et des régions limitrophes". www.mineralogie-chamonix.org. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  15. de Catelin, E. (1861). Notice sur la dècouverte de cadavres après quarante et un ans de sejour dans la glace (PDF). Chamonix: V. Payot. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  16. ""Notice on the discovery of corpses after forty-one years of living in the Ice" – Edmond de Catelin (Stephen d'Arve)". Annecy Library. 20 April 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  17. "Chamonix – argentiere mag" (PDF). June 2015. p. 7. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  18. "Un homme politique dans sa cité et contre le chemin de fer". www.lectura.fr. Rhone-Alpes Libraries Portal. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  19. Benoist, Roger (1961). "Les botanistes de Savoie". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. 108 (2): 115. doi:10.1080/00378941.1961.10838087.
  20. "Célébrités:Venance Payot". www.geologie-montblanc.fr. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  21. "A quel projet Venance Payot s'oppose-t-il en 1892?". www.lectura.fr. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  22. Payot, Venance (9 September 2006). Herbier Des Alpes. Les éditions de l'amateur. ISBN 978-2859174422.
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