Vhembe District Municipality

The Vhembe District Municipality (Venda: Masipala wa Tshiṱiriki tsha Vhembe; Tsonga: Masipala wa Xifundza xa Vhembe) is one of the 5 districts of the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is the northernmost district of the country and shares its northern border with the Beitbridge District in Zimbabwe and on the east with the Gaza Province in Mozambique. Vhembe consists of all the territories that were part of the former Venda Bantustan; however, two large densely populated districts of the former Tsonga homeland of Gazankulu, in particular, Hlanganani and Malamulele, were also incorporated into the municipality, hence the ethnic diversity of the district. The seat is Thohoyandou, the capital of the former Venda Bantustan. According to 2011 census, the majority of the municipality's 800,000 inhabitants spoke TshiVenda as their mother language, while 400,000 spoke Xitsonga as their home language. However, the Tsonga people form the majority south of the Levubu River, while the Venda are the minority south of Levubu at 15%. The Sepedi speakers number 27,000. The district code is DC34.

Vhembe
Official seal of Vhembe
Location in Limpopo
Location in Limpopo
Coordinates: 22°56′S 30°28′E
CountrySouth Africa
ProvinceLimpopo
SeatThohoyandou
Local municipalities
Government
  TypeMunicipal council
  MayorNenguda Dowelani[1]
Area
  Total25,597 km2 (9,883 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[2]
  Total1,294,722
  Density51/km2 (130/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
  Black African98.2%
  Coloured0.1%
  Indian/Asian0.4%
  White1.1%
First languages (2011)
  Venda67.2%
  Tsonga24.8%
  Northern Sotho1.6%
  Afrikaans1.3%
  Other5.1%
Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)
Municipal codeDC34

History

Vhembe is settled by the Venda people who constitute the majority of the population of Vhembe. Later, from around 1820 onwards, the Tsonga people started to invade from the south east and are today a majority in the whole southern and eastern part of Vhembe, which are known today as Malamulele (in the east of Vhembe) and Hlanganani (in the south of Vhembe). At the same time, the Boer Voortrekkers arrived in Vhembe, at around 1836. Venda communities are only found in Vhembe district and as a result, there are no existing Venda communities or villages outside the district. Vhembe means Limpopo river in the Venda language.

Before the renaming of Limpopo Province in 2002, the name Vhembe was submitted to the Limpopo legislature as one of the desired name for the new Province but the majority of the members of the Legislature voted against the name Vhembe in favour of the name Limpopo. The Dzata ruins in Thulamela Local Municipality once served as the main settlement and capital of the Venda empire which had dominated the area during the 18th century.

Boer settlement of the territory began in the late 18th century and gradually upsurged throughout the 19th century. By the turn of the century, the Soutpansberg was taken by the Boers from the Venda rulers, making it one of the last areas in the future republic of South Africa to come under white rule. During the apartheid era, the bantustan of Venda (declared independent in 1979) was established in the eastern part of the Vhembe area, and was reintegrated into the country in 1994. The former bantustan capital, Thohoyandou (named after a chief that had led the expansion of the Venda empire in the 18th century) is the current seat of the Vhembe district.

On 11 December 2008, Vhembe was declared a disaster zone by the Limpopo government due to the spread of cholera from across the Zimbabwean border to the district.

The Vhembe region became the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve in 2009, which was officially declared a biosphere reserve in 2011.[4] The reserve includes the Blouberg Range, the Kruger National Park, the Philip Herd Nature Reserve,[5] the Nwanedi Nature Reserve,[6] the Makgabeng Plateau, the Makuleke Wetlands, the Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape and the Soutpansberg.[7]

Geography

The main geographical feature of the district is the Soutpansberg mountains.

Neighbours

Vhembe is surrounded by:

Local municipalities

The district contains the following local municipalities:

Local municipality Population % Dominant language
Thulamela381 69629.58%Venda and Tsonga
Makhado516 03139.56%Venda and Tsonga
Collins Chabane328 636[8]25.48%Venda and Tsonga
Musina68 3595.38%Venda

Demographics

The following statistics are from the census 2011 10% sample.[9]

Language Population %
Venda861 91067.3%
Tsonga318 97324.9%
Northern Sotho19 9351.6%
Afrikaans16 3171.3%
Sotho12 3691.0%
Other270382.1%
English129941.0%
Ndebele41930.3%
Zulu1 8641.0%
Tswana1 1790.1%
Xhosa6600.1%
Swati2 4120.2%
Sign1 2050.1%

Gender

Gender Population %
Female757 50154.4%
Male645 27845.6%

Population group

Population group Population %
Black African1 272 42798.3%
White14 1681.1%
Indian/Asian5 4350.4%
Coloured1 8580.1%
Other1 1800.1%

Age

Age Population %
00 - 04163 98412.7%
05 - 09142 61211.0%
10 - 14144 31311.1%
15 - 19159 64212.3%
20 - 24130 53410.1%
25 - 2999 8507.7%
30 - 3480 0426.2%
35 - 3971 0385.5%
40 - 4459 3944.6%
45 - 4953 8814.2%
50 - 5445 4183.5%
55 - 5935 5082.7%
60 - 6427 3152.1%
65 - 6921 2051.6%
70 - 7418 5261.4%
75 - 7916 0451.2%
80 - 8413 8471.2%
85+11 9160.9%

Politics

Election results

Election results for Vhembe in the South African general election, 2004.

  • Population 18 and over: 621 522 [51.80% of total population]
  • Total votes: 386 629 [32.22% of total population]
  • Voting % estimate: 62.21% votes as a % of population 18 and over
Party Votes %
African National Congress348 76890.21%
Democratic Alliance15 5534.02%
United Democratic Movement5 8211.51%
African Christian Democratic Party4 6871.21%
Pan African Congress2 8750.74%
New National Party2 0980.54%
Azanian People's Organisation1 7670.46%
Independent Democrats9160.24%
Freedom Front Plus8640.22%
Inkhata Freedom Party5850.15%
United Christian Democratic Party4690.12%
NA3590.09%
SOPA3360.09%
PJC3010.08%
EMSA2820.07%
CDP2580.07%
TOP1980.05%
UF1910.05%
KISS1290.03%
NLP920.02%
Minority Front800.02%
Total386 629100.00%

References

  1. "Executive Mayor". Vhembe District Municipality. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  2. "Statistics by place". Statistics South Africa. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  3. "Statistics by place". Statistics South Africa. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  4. "The official launch of the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve". Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
  5. "ArcGIS Web Application". South Africa Protected Areas Register (PAR). Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  6. "Protected Areas Register (PAR)". Protected Areas Register (PAR) South Africa. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  7. UNESCO - Biosphere Reserve Information. Accessed 31 July 2023.
  8. NOTE: official census statistics for Collins Chabane not available (March 2020).
  9. Statistics South Africa. Census 2011 10% sample
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