Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd

The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (Arabic: مملكة الحجاز ونجد, Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Najd), initially the Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd (Arabic: مملكة الحجاز وسلطنة نجد, Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Salṭanat Najd), was a dual monarchy ruled by Abdulaziz following the victory of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd over the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hejaz in 1925. It was the fourth iteration of the Third Saudi State.

Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
مملكة الحجاز ونجد
Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Najd
1926–1932
Coat of arms
Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
StatusDual monarchy of the Hejaz and Nejd
Capital
Common languagesArabic
Religion
Sunni Islam (Wahhabism)
GovernmentIslamic absolute dual monarchy
King 
• 1926–1932
Abdulaziz al Saud
Viceroy 
• 1926–1932
Faisal (Hejaz)
• 1926–1932
Saud (Nejd)
• 1926–1932
Fahd (Ahsa)
• 1926–1932
Muhammad (Arar)
LegislatureConsultative Assembly
Historical eraInterwar period
19 December 1925
• Abdulaziz crowned King of Hejaz
8 January 1926
• Nejd decreed a kingdom
29 January 1927
• Saudi Arabia
established and
Annexation of Asir
23 September 1932
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Kingdom of Hejaz
Sultanate of Nejd
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Saudi Arabia
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In 1932, the two kingdoms were unified as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

History

On 8 January 1926, Abdulaziz, the Sultan of Nejd, was crowned King of the Hejaz in the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, and he elevated Nejd to the status of a kingdom on 29 January 1927.[1] At the Treaty of Jeddah on 20 May 1927, Abdulaziz's realm was recognised by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and was addressed as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.

For the next five years, Abdulaziz administered the two parts of his dual kingdom as separate units. On 23 September 1932, Abdulaziz proclaimed the union of the main Saudi dominions of al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and the Hejaz as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Foreign policy

The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd could pursue its expansionist policy with British arms supplies because of its close relations with the United Kingdom. Under King Abdulaziz, the Hejaz withdrew from the League of Nations.

In 1926, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd was recognised by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, followed by the United States of America in 1931. By 1932, the United Kingdom, the French Third Republic, the USSR, Turkey, the Imperial State of Iran, Kingdom of Italy and The Netherlands maintained legations in Jeddah; the Kingdom of Egypt maintained unofficial consular representatives.

Rulers of Hejaz and Nejd

King of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932)
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Abdulaziz
  • عبد العزيز
(1876-11-26)26 November 1876 – 9 November 1953(1953-11-09) (aged 76)8 January 192622 September 1932Son of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal and Sara bint Ahmed Al SudairiSaudKing Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia

Viceroy of Hejaz (1926–1932)
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Faisal
  • فيصل
(1906-04-14)14 April 1906 – 25 March 1975(1975-03-25) (aged 68)8 January 192622 September 1932Son of Abdulaziz and Tarfa bint Abdullah Al SheikhSaudPrince Faisal

Viceroy of Nejd (1926–1932)
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Saud
  • سعود
(1902-01-15)15 January 1902 – 23 February 1969(1969-02-23) (aged 67)8 January 192622 September 1932Son of Abdulaziz and Wadha bint Muhammad Al OrairSaudPrince Saud

Notes
  1. Joseph Kostiner. (1993). The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916–1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State. Oxford University Press US, ISBN 0-19-507440-8, p. 104.

Sources

24.6500°N 46.7100°E / 24.6500; 46.7100

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