Vickers MBT Mark 3

In 1974, Vickers pressed on with development of a Mark 3 version of their Vickers MBT. This stems from Design No. 51400 T and differs from the Mark 1 mainly in having a turret with a well-shaped cast front welded to a fabricated armour plate body. It also has a cast gun mantlet which is better shaped from the point of view of its resistance to armour-piercing projectiles than the flat mantlet of the Mark. 1.[4] The Mark 3 embodies various other improvements, such as an increase in the depression of its main gun from -7 to -10 degrees below the horizontal and an increase in the ammunition from 44 to 50 rounds. The first production order for Mk. 3 tanks was placed in 1977 by the Government of Kenya.

In 1977,[5] Vickers acquired a £100 million trade deal to produce 76 Mk. 3 MBTs and 7 Mk. 3 ARV/ARRVs for the Kenyan Army. They were built at the Vickers Scotswood factory in Newcastle between 1977 and 1981.

In 1981, after five years of negotiations, Vickers signed a £115 million contract to provide 108 Mk. 3N "Eagle" tanks, 15 Mk. 3 AVLBs and 18 Mk. 3 ARV/ARRVs to the Nigerian Army. Tanzania took delivery of two Mk. 3 ARVs which are used to recover Chinese supplied MBTs.

In 1990, Nigeria ordered 64 more Mk. 3s for an amount of £282 million.

In 2015, several Mk.3N Eagles of the Nigerian Army were involved in the combat in Yola as part of the Boko Haram insurgency. Some of them were captured by Boko Haram insurgents and later re-captured by the Nigerian Army in Maiduguri.

The Mk. 3 retains most of the proposed features of the Mk. 2. Others were the provision for infrared/white-light searchlights and the abandonment of flotation gear. A laser rangefinder of the type being fitted to the Chieftain was also proposed since the range of the L7 105 mm gun was well beyond that of the 12.7 mm ranging machine gun fitted. Some thought was also given the idea of mounting the heavier British L11 120 mm gun on the Vickers tank, but this was abandoned because the 105 mm L7-series rifled gun was becoming the NATO standard, 120 mm ammunition was more expensive than 105 mm and was used only by the British Army in Europe, and the weight advantage of the Vicker's tank would be reduced.

• Length gun rear: 8.53 m
• Ground pressure: 0.89 kg/cm²
• Maximum gradient 58%
• Maximum tilt: 30%
• Trench: 3 m
• Vertical obstacle: 0.83 m
• Fording depth: 1.1 m

• Mk. 3 : original version used delivered to the Kenyan Army between 1977 and 1981, it features a Pilkington PE Condor combined day/night sight. The gunner has a Barr & Stroud TLS (Tank Laser Sight) with a magnification of ×1 and ×10, which is also provided with a ballistic graticule.
• Mk. 3N "Eagle" : Mark 3 used by the Nigerian Army, known locally as Eagle, it is fitted with a solid thermal shroud around its gun barrel and uses a Nanoquest L23 gunner sight featuring a Simrad LV352 laser rangefinder.[6]
• Mk. 3(I) : In 1985, design work began on an improved Mk. 3 tank known as the Mark 3(I) (I stands for Improved) which was unveiled at the 1986 British Army Equipment Exhibition (BAEE). Two Mk. 3(I) were built and underwent trials in the desert in 1987. The improvements over the previous Mk. 3 specification comprise the following:
  • 850 bhp Rolls-Royce/Perkins CV12 TCE diesel coupled to the new T1200 transmission (6 fwd/2 rev)
  • 59 km/h (37 mph) top speed
  • Some design changes to the hull, most noticeably a cast glacis plate which improves its ballistic shape
  • Two additional periscopes for the driver
  • The fitting of a Muzzle Reference System (MRS)
  • New sprocket and wider tracks
  • Strengthened torsion bars suspension
  • Ground clearance raised by 25 mm
  • Weight : 41,000 kg
• Mk. 3(M) : In 1996, a decision was taken to rebuild an existing Mk. 3 to the Mk 3(M) standard (M stands for Modernized or Malaysia). This was completed late in 1996 and subsequently underwent extensive firepower and mobility trials in the UK which were completed early in 1997.
  • Royal Ordnance ROMOR-A explosive reactive armour or Vickers Defence Systems VARMA Series 2 explosive reactive armor on the forward portions of the hull and turret.
  • All-electric, solid state gun control system provided by SIG of Switzerland.
  • Avimo NVL 3200 or Pilkington Optronics Falcon day/thermal sights, with a remote display for the commander.
  • Officine Galileo modular day/night panoramic periscopic
  • Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver
  • Avimo LIRD-2 laser warning system coupled to a bank of eight 76 mm grenade launchers
  • Bustle-mounted air conditioning system

• Mark 3 AVLB : The Vickers AVLB has been designed to transport, launch and recover a scissors bridge with a length of 13.41 m and to provide a clear span of military bridges of class MLC 60/70. The bridge is carried in the horizontal position and launched hydraulically through 180° over the front of the vehicle.
• Mark 3 ARV/ARRV : The ARV was proposed with or without a crane (4,000 kg lifting capacity) for changing complete powerpacks in the field and is provided with a main capstan winch with a nominal direct line pull of 25 t working in conjunction with the anchor spade mounted at the front of the hull. The pull can be increased to 65 t by multi-reeving of the rope using the recovery equipment including pulleys, cables and tow bars. Loaded weight, without a spare powerpack is 36.8 t and armament comprises a 7.62 mm cupola-mounted machine-gun and smoke dischargers.

Silhouette of Kenyan troops on top of a Vickers Mark 3 outside of Kismayo, Somalia in 2012

•  Kenya - 76 MBT Mk 3 and 7 ARV delivered in 1979–1982[7]
•  Nigeria - 136 MBT Mk 3, 12 ARV and 26 AVLB delivered in 1983–1995[7]
•  Tanzania - 4 ARV delivered in 1989[7]

• Vickers MBT Mk. 1 (predecessor)
• Vickers MBT Mk. 4 (successor)
• AMX-32 (French export counterpart)

• C.F. Foss, Vickers Tanks From Landships to Challenger 2, Keepdate Publishing Ltd, 1995.
• R. M. Ogorkiewicz, AFV Weapons Profile No. 45: Vickers Battle Tank, Profile Publications Ltd, 1973. An introductory text.