Victor Rios

Victor M. Rios is a professor, author, and speaker.[1] His research examines how inequality plays a determining role in the educational and life outcomes of marginalized populations.[2] Rios is of Mexican American origin.[3] He has written several books and is known for developing the theories of the youth control complex,[4] Cultural Misframing,[5] Legitimacy Policing,[6] Masbloom,[7] and Educator Projected Self-Actualization.[8]

Early life

Rios grew up in a single parent household in some of the poorest neighborhoods in Oakland, California where he was surrounded by drugs and gangs. Rios dropped out of school starting in the eighth grade and ended up in Juvenile Hall by the age of fifteen. After multiple negative life experiences he decided to resume his schooling with the help of one of his high school teachers, Flora Russ and various other mentors.[1]

In 1995 Rios began attending California State University, East Bay, with the condition that he take part in a summer program that would teach him basic college academic skills.[9] He graduated from East Bay in 2000 and by 2005, had earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley.[9]

Career

Rios is currently employed by University of California, Santa Barbara, where he has been an Associate Dean of Social Sciences and is currently MacArthur Foundation Professor of Sociology.[10] He is the winner of various book awards including the 2013 Oliver Cromwell Cox Award for his book Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys,[11] and is the creator of the sociological theories, "The Youth Control Complex", "Racialized Punitive Social Control", and "Cultural Misframing."[12] In the youth control complex theory Rios argues that the prison and education systems work together to "criminalize, stigmatize, and punish young inner city boys and men."[12] He opposes terms such as "at risk youth", as he feels that the term "at risk" has damaging affects on children. He recommends the term "at-promise" instead.[9][13]

Based on over a decade of research, Rios created Project GRIT (Generating Resilience to Inspire Transformation) a human development program that works with educators to refine leadership, civic engagement and personal and academic empowerment in young people placed at-risk. This program is featured in The Pushouts a documentary funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Rios' Ted Talk “Help for kids the education system ignores” has garnered over 1.5 Million views. In June 2015, Rios was invited to the White House for a discussion related to “Exploring Issues and Solutions at the Intersection of Gun Violence, Policing and Mass Incarceration.” He met with the Obama Administration's Domestic Policy Council to give his insight on his research with youth who have experienced gun violence, aggressive policing, and the school-to-prison pipeline. This event was organized by the Joint Center and the Joyce Foundation.

In 2017, Rios was awarded the Public Understanding of Sociology Award by The American Sociological Association. He was one of eight major award recipients from an association of over 13,000 members.

In April 2019 the State of California passed a bill, AB 413, changing the label of “at-risk” to “at-promise” in education code, policy, and practice. For years, Rios and other education reformers had advocated for this change. In his 2011 book, Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys, Rios wrote: “At-promise youth are those youth who have traditionally been labeled “at-risk”—youth who have been marginalized, have marginalized themselves, or both. An issue with labeling young people as “risks” is that this may generate the very stigma that I am analyzing in this study. Therefore, I am calling them what many community workers call them: at-promise.” By 2019, Rios and other advocates had convinced school districts and educators across the U.S. to change the way they labeled at-promise young people. The state legislator picked up on this momentum and made the motion to eliminate “at-risk” from the law:

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

AB 413, as amended, Jones-Sawyer. Education: at-promise youth. Existing law uses the terms “at-risk” and “high-risk” to describe youth for purposes of various provisions of the Education Code. and Penal Codes. This bill would delete the term “at-risk” and “high-risk” and would replace those terms it with the terms “at-promise” and “high-promise” for purposes of these provisions. The bill would, for purposes of the Education Code, define “at-promise” and “high-promise” to have the same meanings as “at-risk” and “high-risk,” respectively.

Existing law defines and refers to specified young people with the presence of certain risk factors that make them more likely to be involved with criminal street gangs or the criminal justice system as “at-risk youth.” This bill would change the references in statute to these individuals from “at-risk youth” to “at-promise youth.”

Bibliography
  • Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys (NYU Press, 2011)[14]
  • Street Life: Poverty, Gangs, and a Ph.D (Five Rivers Press, 2011)
  • Project GRIT: Generating Resilience to Inspire Transformation (Five Rivers Press, 2016)
  • Buscando Vida, Encontrando Éxito: La Fuerza de La Cultura Latina en la Educación (Five Rivers Press, 2016)
  • Human Targets: Schools, Police, and the Criminalization of Latino Youth (University of Chicago Press, 2017)
  • My Teacher Believes in Me!: The Educator's Guide to At-Promise Students (Five Rivers Press, 2019)
  • From Risk to Promise: A school leader's guide to professional learning in prosperity-based education (Scholar System, 2021)

References
  1. "One Man's Journey From Gang Member to Academia". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  2. Rios, V. (2012-11-16). "Reframing the Achievement Gap". Contexts. 11 (4): 8–10. doi:10.1177/1536504212466324.
  3. Rios, Victor M. (2011). Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys. New York University Press. p. 178. I would like to note that I am a dark-skinned Chicano.
  4. Rios, Victor M. (2007). "The Hypercriminalization of Black and Latino Male Youth in the Era of Mass Incarceration". In Steinberg, I.; Middlemass, K.; Marable, M. (eds.). Racializing Justice, Disenfranchising Lives: The Racism, Criminal Justice, and Law Reader. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 17–21. ISBN 9780230607347.
  5. Rios, Victor M. (10 March 2017). Human targets : schools, police, and the criminalization of Latino youth. Chicago. ISBN 978-0-226-09085-6. OCLC 953792591.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. Rios, Victor M.; Prieto, Greg; Ibarra, Jonathan M. (2020-01-30). "Mano Suave–Mano Dura: Legitimacy Policing and Latino Stop-and-Frisk". American Sociological Review. 85: 58–75. doi:10.1177/0003122419897348. S2CID 213659099.
  7. From Risk to Promise: A School Leader's Guide to Prosperity Based Education. Scholar System. 2021. ISBN 979-8788995106.
  8. My Teacher Believes in Me: The Educator's Guide to At-Promise Students. Five Rivers. 2019. ISBN 978-1722600013.
  9. Tijero, Evelyn. "From East Oakland to Ph.D." The Pioneer. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
  10. "Victor Rios | Sociology". www.soc.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  11. "Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Past Award Recipients". American Sociological Association. 2011-03-08. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  12. Wade, Lisa; on, PhD (November 10, 2010). "Victor Rios and the Youth Control Theory". Sociological Images. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  13. "At Promise Youth | UCSB Sustainability". www.sustainability.ucsb.edu. 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
  14. Monaghan, Peter (2011-07-17). "A Sociologist Returns to the Mean Streets of His Youth". The Chronicle of Higher Education. ISSN 0009-5982. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
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