Vijayaraga

Vijayaraga (fl. c. 849—895 AD) was the Chera Perumal ruler of Kerala from c. 883/84—c. 895 AD.[1] The reign of Vijayaraga probably witnessed the expansion of Chera Perumal influence into the neighboring Ay and Mushika countries (southern and northern Kerala).[2]

Vijayaraga
Ruler of Chera Perumal Kingdom
Reignc. 883/84—c. 895 AD[1]
PredecessorRama Rajasekhara[1]
SuccessorGoda Goda (or) Kerala Kesari[1]
SpouseKizhan Adikal Ravi Neeli
Issue
HouseChera Perumal of Makotai
ReligionHinduism

Vijayaraga appears as the royal prince as early as the fifth regnal year of Chera Perumal king Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (c. 849 AD).[3] He also married the daughter of Kulasekhara (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neel).[3] A record of the princess can be found in the southern Ay country.[4] It is possible that he was also the nephew (son of sister) of Kulasekhara.[5] Two of his daughters were married to the Chola king Parantaka I.[6]

Vijayaraga was formerly identified with king Goda Ravi (r. 905/06—c. 943/44) of the Chera Perumal dynasty.[1][5]

Sources

Inscriptions
  • Quilon Syrian copper plates (849 AD) — mentioned as the royal prince under king Sthanu Ravi (r. 844/45—c. 870/71 AD).[3]
  • Thirunandikkara inscription — inscription of a Chera Perumal princess (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neeli), wife of Vijayaraga and daughter of Kulasekhara.[3]
  • Thiruvotriyur inscription (936 AD, 29th regnal year) — inscription of a Chera Perumal princess (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neel), wife of Chola king Parantaka I and daughter of Vijayaraga.[3]

Dynastic chronicle

Vijayaraga must be the same royal who is described as the Kerala king 'Jayaraga' in the Mushika Vamsa Kavya, a dynastic chronicle composed in the 11th century AD. According to the kavya, Jayaraga married the daughter of Kunchi Varma, the Mushika king at the time (North Kollam).[2]

Vijayaraga also led a military expedition to the Mushika kingdom against his brother-in-law Ishana Mushika. It was Goda Varma Keralaketu, a son of Jayaraga, who eventually re-established a truce between the two kingdoms.[2]

References
  1. Devadevan, Manu V. (2020). "Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cera State". The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 9781108857871.
  2. Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 65-67 and 97-98. ISBN 9788188765072.
  3. Narayanan, M. G. S., ed. (2013) [1972]. "Index to Cera Inscriptions". Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 437-38 and 442-43. ISBN 9788188765072.
  4. Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9788188765072.
  5. Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 65–67. ISBN 9788188765072.
  6. Spencer, George (1982). "Ties that Bound: Royal Marriage Alliance in the Chola Period". Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Asian Studies. Hong Kong: Asian Research Service: 723.
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