Villa rustica

Villa rustica (transl.farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.[1][2][3][4][5]

Scale model of a Roman villa rustica. Remains of villas of this type have been found in the vicinity of Valjevo, Serbia.

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house), and the pars rustica (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

Austria

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Italy

Boscoreale villa
Mosaic floor at Villa dei Volusii

Portugal

Turkey

United Kingdom

Ruins of the Villa rustica, Montmaurin

France

  • Villa Rustica, Coustaty
  • Villa Rustica, Lussas-et-Nontronneau
  • Villa Rustica, Montcaret
  • Montmaurin
  • Villa Rustica, Petit-Bersac
  • Villa Rustica, Pièce de Rance

Germany

Wurmlingen
Villa rustica, Haselburg at Höchst i. Odw., Hypocaust of the main building
Eschweiler

Baden-Württemberg

  • Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg[6]
  • Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
  • Villa rustica at Büßlingen, Konstanz
  • Villa Rustica (Brombach), Lörrach
  • Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen[7]
  • Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier[8]
  • Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
  • Villa rustica at Hechingen-Stein, Zollernalbkreis
  • Villa urbana at Heitersheim
  • Villa Rustica (Meßkirch), Sigmaringen
  • Villa Rustica at Hirschberg[9]
  • Villa Rustica (Inzigkofen), Sigmaringen
  • Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach[10]
  • Villa Rustica at Langenau[11]
  • Villa Rustica (Laucherthal), Sigmaringen
  • Villa Rustica (Lauffen), Heilbronn
  • Villa Rustica at Mühlacker[12]
  • Villa Rustica at Nagold[13][14]
  • Villa Rustica (Nürtingen)
  • Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen[15][16]
  • Villa Rustica (Rommelshausen), Rems-Murr-Kreis
  • Römerbad (Weinsberg), Heilbronn
  • Villa Rustica (Wiesenbach/Baden), Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
  • Römisches Bad (Wurmlingen), Tuttlingen
  • Villa Rustica (Zimmerhof), Heilbronn
  • Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg

Bavaria

  • Villa Rustica (Burgweinting)
  • Villa rustica (Denning), Stadt München
  • Villa Rustica (Friedberg)
  • Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
  • Villa Rustica (Holheim), Donau-Ries
  • Villa Rustica at Hüssingen[17]
  • Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu[18]
  • Villa Rustica (Leutstetten), Stadt Starnberg
  • Villa Rustica (Möckenlohe) (Naturpark Altmühltal)[19][20]
  • Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
  • Villa Rustica (Niederndorf), Freising
  • Villa Rustica (Oberndorf)
  • Villa Rustica (Oberhaunstadt), Ingolstadt
  • Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau[21][22]
  • Villa Rustica (Stadtbergen)
  • Villa Rustica (Zipfwang), Oberallgäu

Hesse

  • Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, Wamboltsches Schlösschen
  • Haselburg Roman villa, Odenwald
  • Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"[23]

Northrhine-Westphalia

  • Villa rustica (Blankenheim (Ahr))[24]
  • Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
  • Propsteier Villa, Eschweiler, Aachen
  • Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
  • Villa rustica (Nettersheim-Roderath) at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen

Rheinland-Palatine

Ceiling painting at the Roman villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
  • Villa rustica Weilberg, Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein
  • Römerhalle (Bad Kreuznach), Bad Kreuznach
  • Roman Villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
  • Villa rustica (Bollendorf), Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
  • Villa Otrang, Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
  • Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)[25]
  • Villa Rustica (Kempten bei Bingen), Mainz-Bingen
  • Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel[26]
  • Roman estate at Lösnich
  • Villa Urbana in Longuich
  • Villa Rustica (Mehring) (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
  • Villa rustica (Wachenheim)
  • Villa Rustica (Weiler bei Bingen), Mainz-Bingen
  • Villa rustica (Wasserliesch), Trier-Saarburg

Saarland

Serbia

Switzerland

Aargau

  • Villa Rustica (Bellikon)
  • Villa Rustica (Oberentfelden)
  • Villa Rustica (Oberlunkhofen)
  • Villa rustica (Zofingen)

Basel-Landschaft

  • Villa Rustica (Bennwil)
  • Villa Rustica (Munzach)

Genf

  • Villa Rustica (Bernex)

Jura

  • Villa Rustica (Vicques JU)

Solothurn

  • Villa rustica (Biberist-Spitalhof)
  • Villa rustica (Breitholz)

Waadt

  • Villa romaine du Prieuré

Zürich

  • Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
  • Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten[28]
  • Villa Rustica (Buchs)
  • Villa Rustica (Kloten)
  • Villa Rustica (Oberweningen)
  • Villa Rustica (Seeb)

References

  1. Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  2. Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  3. Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  4. John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
  5. John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
  6. Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  7. "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
  8. Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  9. gastgeber-hessen.de
  10. ka.stadtwiki.net
  11. W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
  12. Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.
  13. "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  14. naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  15. W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
  16. "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  17. Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  18. "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.
  19. Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
  20. altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  21. "Villa Rustica Peiting". Pfaffenwinkel. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  22. Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  23. "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
  24. roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  25. "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
  26. "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.
  27. Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  28. Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.
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