Villa rustica

Villa rustica (transl. farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.[1][2][3][4][5]

Scale model of a Roman villa rustica. Remains of villas of this type have been found in the vicinity of Valjevo, Serbia.

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house), and the pars rustica (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

Austria

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Italy
Boscoreale villa
Mosaic floor at Villa dei Volusii

Portugal
Villa of Torre de Palma

Turkey

United Kingdom
Orpheus mosaic at Littlecote Roman Villa
Ruins of the Villa rustica, Montmaurin

France
  • Villa Rustica, Coustaty
  • Villa Rustica, Lussas-et-Nontronneau
  • Villa Rustica, Montcaret
  • Montmaurin
  • Villa Rustica, Petit-Bersac
  • Villa Rustica, Pièce de Rance

Germany
Wurmlingen
Villa rustica, Haselburg at Höchst i. Odw., Hypocaust of the main building
Eschweiler

Baden-Württemberg

  • Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg[6]
  • Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
  • Villa rustica at Büßlingen, Konstanz
  • Villa Rustica (Brombach), Lörrach
  • Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen[7]
  • Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier[8]
  • Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
  • Villa rustica at Hechingen-Stein, Zollernalbkreis
  • Villa urbana at Heitersheim
  • Villa Rustica (Meßkirch), Sigmaringen
  • Villa Rustica at Hirschberg[9]
  • Villa Rustica (Inzigkofen), Sigmaringen
  • Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach[10]
  • Villa Rustica at Langenau[11]
  • Villa Rustica (Laucherthal), Sigmaringen
  • Villa Rustica (Lauffen), Heilbronn
  • Villa Rustica at Mühlacker[12]
  • Villa Rustica at Nagold[13][14]
  • Villa Rustica (Nürtingen)
  • Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen[15][16]
  • Villa Rustica (Rommelshausen), Rems-Murr-Kreis
  • Römerbad (Weinsberg), Heilbronn
  • Villa Rustica (Wiesenbach/Baden), Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
  • Römisches Bad (Wurmlingen), Tuttlingen
  • Villa Rustica (Zimmerhof), Heilbronn
  • Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg

Bavaria

  • Villa Rustica (Burgweinting)
  • Villa rustica (Denning), Stadt München
  • Villa Rustica (Friedberg)
  • Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
  • Villa Rustica (Holheim), Donau-Ries
  • Villa Rustica at Hüssingen[17]
  • Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu[18]
  • Villa Rustica (Leutstetten), Stadt Starnberg
  • Villa Rustica (Möckenlohe) (Naturpark Altmühltal)[19][20]
  • Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
  • Villa Rustica (Niederndorf), Freising
  • Villa Rustica (Oberndorf)
  • Villa Rustica (Oberhaunstadt), Ingolstadt
  • Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau[21][22]
  • Villa Rustica (Stadtbergen)
  • Villa Rustica (Zipfwang), Oberallgäu

Hesse

  • Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, Wamboltsches Schlösschen
  • Haselburg Roman villa, Odenwald
  • Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"[23]

Northrhine-Westphalia

  • Villa rustica (Blankenheim (Ahr))[24]
  • Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
  • Propsteier Villa, Eschweiler, Aachen
  • Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
  • Villa rustica (Nettersheim-Roderath) at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen

Rheinland-Palatine

Ceiling painting at the Roman villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
  • Villa rustica Weilberg, Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein
  • Römerhalle (Bad Kreuznach), Bad Kreuznach
  • Roman Villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
  • Villa rustica (Bollendorf), Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
  • Villa Otrang, Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
  • Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)[25]
  • Villa Rustica (Kempten bei Bingen), Mainz-Bingen
  • Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel[26]
  • Roman estate at Lösnich
  • Villa Urbana in Longuich
  • Villa Rustica (Mehring) (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
  • Villa rustica (Wachenheim)
  • Villa Rustica (Weiler bei Bingen), Mainz-Bingen
  • Villa rustica (Wasserliesch), Trier-Saarburg

Saarland

Serbia

Switzerland

Aargau

  • Villa Rustica (Bellikon)
  • Villa Rustica (Oberentfelden)
  • Villa Rustica (Oberlunkhofen)
  • Villa rustica (Zofingen)

Basel-Landschaft

  • Villa Rustica (Bennwil)
  • Villa Rustica (Munzach)

Genf

  • Villa Rustica (Bernex)

Jura

  • Villa Rustica (Vicques JU)

Solothurn

  • Villa rustica (Biberist-Spitalhof)
  • Villa rustica (Breitholz)

Waadt

  • Villa romaine du Prieuré

Zürich

  • Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
  • Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten[28]
  • Villa Rustica (Buchs)
  • Villa Rustica (Kloten)
  • Villa Rustica (Oberweningen)
  • Villa Rustica (Seeb)

References
  1. Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  2. Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  3. Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  4. John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
  5. John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
  6. Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  7. "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
  8. Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  9. gastgeber-hessen.de
  10. ka.stadtwiki.net
  11. W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
  12. Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.
  13. "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  14. naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  15. W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
  16. "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  17. Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  18. "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.
  19. Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
  20. altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  21. "Villa Rustica Peiting". Pfaffenwinkel. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  22. Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  23. "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
  24. roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  25. "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
  26. "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.
  27. Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  28. Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.
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