Viola de cocho

The viola de cocho is a singular plucked string instrument from Brazil. It is typical in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul and has been designated a part of Brazil's intangible national heritage by IPHAN, the Brazilian institution responsible for the preservation of the national cultural heritage.[1] It is unusual in that although it has only three frets at most and is left unvarnished.[2][3][4] The Portuguese word cocho, used by farm labourers, refers to a hollowed-out log forming a sort of container. The cocho is widely used, for example, to provide salt for cattle on grassland farms.[5]

Viola de cocho
Viola de Cocho made by Braz da Viola
String instrument
Classification String instrument
Hornbostel–Sachs classification
(Composite chordophone)
DevelopedMato Grosso, Brazil.
Related instruments
Viola caipira, Mejoranera, Viola De Buriti

Design

The viola-de-cocho is a musical instrument of the group of short lutes, produced by master craftsmen. After choosing the wood, cut the trunk into two flat parts. With a cast the wood is scratch and on which is carved a sounding board. Once carved the body of the instrument, the soundboard is glued and then the bridge, fingerboard and pegs are placed, and, finally, the frets and strings. Some instruments have a small circular hole on top, sometimes not. The viola without hole is something new. Some viola players justified that the viola with hole gave a lot of work, because always came by this hole, spiders or other animals, damaging the instrument's sound. Some former viola players prefer it to the hole because, in the words of one, the hole gives a better sound.[6]

  • A traditional viola de cocho
    A traditional viola de cocho
  • Viola de cocho in a museum in Osaka, Japan.
    Viola de cocho in a museum in Osaka, Japan.
  • Viola de cocho, Front view.
    Viola de cocho, Front view.
  • Viola de cocho, Back view.
    Viola de cocho, Back view.

Tuning

With unique shape and sound, the viola-de-cocho has always five orders of strings, called prima, contra, corda do meio, canotio and resposta. The strings are tuned in two different ways, canotio solto (open) and canotio preso (stopped): bottom-up, re, la, mi, re, sol, and re, la, mi, do, sol.[7]

  • canotio preso
    canotio preso
  • canotio solto
    canotio solto

(Tunings sound one octave below than notated.)

Notable performers

Braz da Viola, besides being a virtuoso instrumentalist is also a maker of beautiful violas-de-cocho.[5] Another well known performer of the viola-de-cocho is the Brazilian instrumentalist Roberto Corrêa.

See also

References
  1. Vianna, Letícia (2005). "O caso do registro da Viola-de-cocho como patrimônio imaterial" [The case of the record of the Viola-de-Cocho as an untangible patrimony]. Sociedade e Cultura (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal de Goiás. 8 (2): 53–62. ISSN 1980-8194. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  2. "ATLAS of Plucked Instruments - South America". Atlasofpluckedinstruments.com. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  3. "Untitled Document". Archived from the original on 2009-04-01. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  4. "Viola-de-Cocho Produção Artística". Archived from the original on 2009-07-09. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  5. "Luciano Queiroz - Viola-de-cocho" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  6. "A viola de cocho". Robertocorrea.com.br (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2010-05-02. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  7. "Viola-de-cocho". Cnfcp.gov.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2010-05-05.
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