Vorma
Vorma is a river in Norway that brings water from lake Mjøsa into the Glomma river. The Vorma is 30 kilometres (19 mi) long and flows through the town of Eidsvoll. The Vorma flows from Lake Mjøsa at the village of Minnesund to join with the Glomma at Årnes.
| Vorma | |
|---|---|
 Vorma from the Eidsvoll train station looking north | |
 Map of the Vorma River watershed | |
| Location | |
| Country | Norway |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Mjøsa |
| Mouth | |
• location | Glomma, Årnes |
| Length | 30 km (19 mi) |
| Basin size | 17,000 km² |
Vorma was so named because it was a "warm" river that never freezes over, while both the Glomma and the Gudbrandsdalslågen routinely freeze. The junction of the Vorma with the Glomma at Årnes and Nes is the site of the Funnefoss on the Glomma, a 10-metre (33 ft) fall.
History
The junction of the Minnesund and the Vorma, Eidsvoll, served as an ancient 'ting' place - or meeting place for the local council or parliament - for Romerike during the period when travel by boat was much easier than by land. The "Eidsivating" was, according to tradition, founded by Halvdan Svarte, and served as the 'ting' place for all of the Opplands and Viken. Saint Olav also held a ting there and built a church at this site in 1017.
In 1795 a landslide totally blocked the Vorma at Disen for 111 days, completely drying the riverbed. A channel was cut around it to prevent a major overflow, with accompanying downstream damage.
On the Vorma, south of Eidsvoll, lies the Svanfoss where the water level in Lake Mjøsa is regulated. A 6-by-60-metre (20 by 197 ft) lock, which bypassed the Svanfoss, lifting boats 3 metres (10 ft) to allow the bypassing of the fall, opened in 1906.
Geology
The Vorma discharges from Lake Mjøsa at the village of Minnesund on the southern lakeshore. The southern shore of Lake Mjøsa is a terminal moraine deposit formed by a pause in the glacial ice retreat (the Minnesund pause) that occurred ~9,400 years before the present. The terminal moraine is characterized by substantial clay, sand and gravel deposits. The Vorma has eroded through these deposits, leaving steep banks with many high gradient tributaries forming cascades as they join the Vorma. The river cut down until it met the less-easily eroded intrusive sill (part of the Oslo Graben) at the town center of Eidsvoll where it formed the Svanfoss. Falls are also found where the Vorma meets the Glomma - the Funnefoss.[1][2]
The glacial deposits also dammed up a side valley, forming lake Hurdalssjøen. The Hurdalssjøen discharges to the Vorma river at Eidsvoll via the tributary Andelva river. Other tributaries include the Julsrudåa, the Jøndalsåa, and the Holtåa .
Head of the Vorma at Minnesund
At Eidsvold
Svanfossen falls
Svanfoss locks
Below Svanfoss
Landscape of the Vorma
Confluence with the Glomma
The Elvekongen (the river king) travels up the Vorma to Svanfoss in the summer.
References
- East Norway and its Frontier by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. 1956
- Technical note from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute to Jernbaneverket dated 2007-03-22 and titled Project 20071171, High Speed Railway in Norway by Randi Birgitte Svånå
- Larsen, Bjørn; Olaussen, Snorre; Sundvoll, Bjørn; Heeremans, Michel. "The Permo-Carboniferous Oslo Rift through six stages and 65 million years". Episodes (March 2009): 52–58. Retrieved 2014-10-19.