Vule Ilić

Vule Ilić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вуле Илић; c. 1766 –1834), known as Vule Ilić Kolarac, was a Serbian military commander (vojvoda) who fought the Ottomans during the First Serbian Uprising. Vule Ilić Kolarac fought alongside Hajduk Stanoje Glavaš then under Grand Leader Karađorđe distinguishing himself at the Battle of Suvodol and at the Siege of Belgrade. During the uprising he was commander of the city of Smederevo the temporary capital of Serbia during that time.[1]

Vule Ilić Kolarac
Native name
Вуле Илић Коларац
Nickname(s)Vule Ilić Kolarac
Born1766
Kolari (modern Serbia)
Died1834 (aged 67–68)
Belgrade
Allegiance Serbian revolutionaries
Service/branchRevolutionary Army
Years of service1803—1815
RankCommander Vojvoda
Battles/wars

Life

Vule Ilić Kolarac was born in the village of Kolari, in the Sanjak of Smederevo. In the early 19th century, most of the Balkans was under Ottoman rule. Christian communities of Serbs lived under the devshirme system of forced assimilation, forced labor, harsh taxation and slavery; Oppression and violence filled the land after the dahies started targeting the most prominent Serbs.[2]
On February 14, 1804, in the small village of Orašac, nearby modern Aranđelovac, Vule Ilić and other Hajduks gathered to discuss how to fight back and to keep Turkish rule and authority out of Serbia, Karađorđe Petrović was elected as the leader of the uprising, this event is known as the Orašac Assembly[3]

In July 1806 Vule Ilić Kolarac fought at The Battle of Deligrad; the Turkish pasha Ibrahim ordered his commander to immediately go to Deligrad with 16,000 soldiers and take the city. Shait pasha, underestimating the quality of the fortification, as well as his military strength, arrived on July 13, with only 4,000 soldiers. Stanoje Glavaš and Vule Ilić, who at the time commanded the fortification, saw the enemies on time and easily forced them to withdraw.[4] The Turks decided to await for reinforcement on a nearby hill but the Serbian rebels gathered people from the surrounding fortifications and with the help of peasants from nearby villages, surrounded the Turks and managed to throw them out of the highlands.[5]

Siege of Belgrade 1806

The Siege of Belgrade started before daybreak on the 12th of December 1806. That morning Karageorge assembled in Vračar with 15,000 rebels, he had decided with the commanders that the attack should be carried out on St. Andrew's Day, during the Muslim feast of Eid al-Fitr, when the attention of the guards would be lower. The rebels separated into groups to attack the different entrances to the city. Miloje Petrović, Sima Marković, Vasa Čarapić, Stanoje Glavaš and Vule Ilić each leading a group.[6] A Greek Albanian named Konda, who had switched allegiance, was well aware of the functioning of the Ottoman guard, he and Uzun-Mirko were in charge of taking over the Sava gate with a group of 6 volunteers, they climbed over the rampart and fell upon the guards. Four of the rebels were killed but the two remaining Serbs broke open the gate with an axe and the rest of the commando rushed in. At the same time Vule Ilić Kolarac and Stanoje Glavaš attacked the Vidin Gate penetrating from the other side with their men. Even though shots were fired, the Turks did not suspect that a Serbian attack was taking place but that shots were fired for the holiday. After a fierce battle the Turks took refuge in the citadel.[7]

In late May 1809 Vule Ilić Kolarac participated at the Battle of Suvodol where Serbian rebels defeated an Ottoman army consisting mostly of Albanians. Serbian Cavalry under the command of Vojvoda Vule Ilić Kolarac attacked one of the Albanian wings with such force and surprise that it threw the Albanian forces in disarray as the cavalry were flanking them.[8] Albanian forces attempted to regroup and attack the revolutionaries; however they were met with fierce gun fire from the Serbian cannons and infantry. In the midst of the fighting and poor visibility due to the fog, Vule Ilić Kolarac began to yell out in Turkish “our forces have retreated” in order to fool the Albanians into retreating. The ploy worked and threw Numan Pasha's forces into even more disarray. Battered by relentless attacks, the injured Numan Pasha and his forces retreated.[9]

Descendants

His grandson is General Sava Grujić five times Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbia whose daughters Marija married Cavalry Division General Vojin Tcholak-Antitch, descendant of Vojvoda Čolak-Anta, and Olga, lady-in-waiting to Princess Olga of Yugoslavia, married Professor Milivoje S. Lozanić, son of Sima Lozanić.

See also

References
  1. Dela: Hajduci. Pripovetke Branislav Đ Nušić novinsko-izdavačko preduzeće, 1957
  2. Pomenik znamenitih ljudi u srpskog naroda novijega doba, M Đ Milećević, Beograd : Slovo ljubve, 1979.
  3. "The first Serbian uprising and the restoration of the Serbian state" Nebojša Damnjanović, Vladimir Merenik, Historical Museum of Serbia, Gallery of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, 2004
  4. Rothenberg, Erich (1982). War and Society in East Central Europe: The first Serbian uprising 1804-1813. Brooklyn College Press. ISBN 0930888154.
  5. The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks: (1804-1813), Cambridge University Press, 16 févr. 2012
  6. Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of. "Sećanje na Prvi srpski ustanak". www.rts.rs.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. The History of Modern Serbia, Elodie Lawton Mijatović W. Tweedie, 1872
  8. Medakovitsch, Danilo (1852). Povfěstnica srbskog naroda: Od najstarii Nremena do godine 1850, Volume 3 (in Serbian). the Bavarian State Library: Narod-Knigopetschat. Dan. Medakovitsch. p. 280.
  9. The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks: (1804-1813), Cambridge University Press, 16 févr. 2012

Sources
  • Tihomir R. Djordjevic, "From Serbia, Prince of Milos", Belgrade, 1924, p. 133.
  • Đ. Magarašević, "Traveling by Serbia", 1827, pp. 14–15
  • Prota Matija, Memoari, p. 217 and 220, quoted by Tihomir R. Djordjevic, "From Serbia, Prince of Milos", Belgrade, 1924.
  • Leopold Ranke, "The History of the Serbian Revolution, Part I", Belgrade, 1864 p. 128
  • Sima Stojanović, "Old Serbian Food and Drink", cited in Vuk Vrcevic, "The Times for the History of the Black Mountain", National Book, Cetinje 1952 p. 111
  • N. Petrović, Funds and Institutions, II tomstr 10,3 cited by Tihomir R. Djordjevic, Serbian Prime Minister Miloš, Belgrade, 1924 p. 148
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