William Louis Abbott
William Louis Abbott (23 February 1860 – 2 April 1936) was an American medical doctor, explorer, ornithologist and field naturalist. He compiled prodigious collections of biological specimens and ethnological artefacts from around the world, especially from Maritime Southeast Asia, and was a significant financial supporter of the United States National Museum collecting expeditions.
William Louis Abbott | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 23, 1860 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | April 2, 1936 (aged 76) Maryland, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania Royal College of Physicians Royal College of Surgeons |
| Occupation(s) | Medical doctor, explorer, ornithologist and field naturalist |
Early life and education
Abbot was born in Philadelphia.[1] He obtained a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Pennsylvania in 1881 before studying medicine there, graduating in 1884 and subsequently doing postgraduate studies in England, obtaining licentiates from the Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Surgeons. In 1886, he received a substantial inheritance, ceased the formal practice of medicine, and devoted himself to exploration and collecting.[2][3]
Exploration and collecting expeditions
Journeys of exploration and collecting made by Abbott include:[2]
- 1880 – Bird collecting in Iowa and North Dakota
- 1883 – Bird collecting in Cuba and Santo Domingo
- 1887–89 – Taveta region, near Mount Kilimanjaro, in Kenya, East Africa
- 1890 – Zanzibar, Seychelles and Madagascar
- 1891 – India: Baltistan, Karachi, Kashmir and Srinagar
- 1892 – Kashmir, Baltistan, Aden, Seychelles and the Aldabra Group
- 1893 – Seychelles, Kashmir, Srinagar, Ladakh, Sinkiang and eastern Turkestan. Shot the last recorded Seychelles parakeet on Mahé in March of 1893.[4][5][6][7]
- 1894 – As well as travelling in eastern Turkestan, India and Ceylon, he went to Madagascar to enlist in the native "Hova" army against the second French occupation of the island, until local suspicion of foreigners forced his resignation[8]
- 1895 – Madagascar and Kashmir
- 1896 – Malay Peninsula including Perak, Penang and Trang, with a visit to Canton
- 1897 – Trang, Penang and India
- 1898 – As well as volunteering for the Spanish–American War and serving under William A. Chanler in Cuba,[9] where he was wounded in the Battle of Tayacoba, he traveled to Singapore and China, making a visit to Tibet[8]
- 1899 – Abbott constructed the schooner "Terrapin" and, using Singapore as a base for the next ten years, travelled throughout the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia often accompanied by Cecil Boden Kloss. Places visited include the Mergui Archipelago, Natuna Islands, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Burma, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Nias, the Mentawai Islands, Enggano, the Riau Archipelago and islands in the South China and Java Seas.[2]
- 1909 – The onset of partial blindness, caused by spirochetosis, forced him to sell the "Terrapin" and largely suspend his collecting in the tropics. After treatment in Germany, from 1910 to 1915, he travelled in Kashmir, though making a brief collecting visit to the Maluku Islands and Sulawesi with his sister in 1914.[2]
- 1916 – Dominican Republic
- 1917–18 – Haiti, where he suffered a near-fatal attack of dysentery
- 1919–23 – Hispaniola
Post career
In 1923, Abbott retired from active fieldwork but continued to provide funding on several occasions to the United States National Museum for other collecting expeditions.
He died at his farm on the Elk River in Maryland of heart disease after a long illness, leaving his books, papers and 20% of his estate to the Smithsonian Institution.[2] At the time of his death he was the largest single contributor to the collections of the museum.[10] Abbott's name is commemorated in the names of numerous animal taxa, including those of Abbott's crested lizard (Gonocephalus abbotti ),[11] Abbott's day gecko (Phelsuma abbotti ),[11] Abbott's booby (Papasula abbotti), Abbott's starling (Cinnyricinclus femoralis), pygmy cuckoo-shrike (Coracina abbotti), Abbott's sunbird (Cinnyris sovimanga abbotti), the western grey gibbon (Hylobates abbotti) and Abbott's duiker (Cephalophus spadix). Plants named after him include Cyathea abbottii, a tree-fern native to Hispaniola.
References
- "William Louis Abbott Papers". Record Unit 7117, Abbott, William Louis, 1860-1936. Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- Boruchoff, Judith. (1986). Register to the William Louis Abbott Collection. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution: Washington.
- "Collections Recently received from Dr. W. L. Abbott and Mr. William Astor Chanler," Smithsonian Institution, 1894.
- Ridgway, R. (1896). "On birds collected by Doctor W. L. Abbott in the Seychelles, Amirantes, Gloriosa, Assumption, Aldabra, and adjacent islands, with notes on habits, etc., by the collector". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 18 (1079): 513. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.1079.509.
- Hume, J. P. (2017). Extinct Birds (2 ed.). Croydon: Bloomsbury Natural History. pp. 199–200. ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5.
- Forshaw, J. M. (2017). Vanished and Vanishing Parrots: Profiling Extinct and Endangered Species. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 160–162. ISBN 978-0-643-09632-5.
- Greenway, J. C. (1967). Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World. New York: American Committee for International Wild Life Protection. pp. 331–332. ISBN 978-0-486-21869-4.
- Aluka: Dr William Louis Abbott
- Thomas, Lately. The Astor Orphans: A Pride of Lions, W. Morrow, 1971; p. 126.
- Taylor, Paul Michael (1985). "The Indonesian collections of William Louis Abbott (1860-1936): invitation to a research resource at the Smithsonian Institution". Museum Anthropology 9 (2): 5-14.
- Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Abbott, W.L.", p. 1).