Walter Binning

Walter Binning, or Bynning was a painter in 16th-century Edinburgh.[1]

There were several painters and glaziers called "Binning" working in Edinburgh and for the royal court in 16th-century Scotland. It has been speculatively suggested that there was some family connection with the Flemish miniature painter Simon Bening.[2]

Career

In January 1540 with two colleagues Walter Binning painted 49 guns at Edinburgh Castle with red lead, including their breech loading chambers, slots and bands, and painted the ropes binding the guns on their stocks with tar, and 50 bass guns.[3]

He was paid by the guild of the Hammermen of Edinburgh for painting cloths and a religious image.[4]

He worked for Regent Arran in Edinburgh, Hamilton, and Linlithgow.[5] In February 1549 he painted the roof or ceiling of the governor's lodging in Edinburgh, which was then located in Chambers Street. This was for the wedding of Barbara Hamilton and Lord Gordon.[6] In October 1551 he was working at Hamilton and was provided with gold and silver leaf, a pound of azurite, a pound of vermilion, a pound of red lead, glue (probably for distemper paints) and sheets of Lombard paper.[7] In October 1552 he painted the Regent's lodging in Linlithgow.[8]

In 1554, Edinburgh painters led by Walter Binning assaulted an outsider, David Workman, who had been painting a ceiling.[9]

Shows and scenery on the Royal Mile

Walter Binning painted scenery and costume for a triumph or show at the Tron on Edinburgh's Royal Mile to celebrate the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis II of France, on 3 July April 1558. The wedding itself took place in Paris on 24 April 1558.[10] The Edinburgh entertainment was written and produced by William Lauder and William Adamson.[11] Binning painted the "play cart" for actors portraying the signs of the seven planets and cupid. There were artificial "summer trees" with fruit made from tennis balls covered with gold foil or leaf.[12] The seven planets had been portrayed in the shows in Paris after the wedding.[13]

In February 1562 the royal treasurer paid him £20 Scots, possibly for painting work in connection with the masques and mummery at the wedding of Lord James Stewart and Agnes Keith.[14]

Reign of James VI

In January 1572, Walter Binning and the glaziers David Binning and Steven Loch were listed among supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots, in Edinburgh who were summoned to appear at Leith for their disloyalty to the Regent.[15][16]

Walter Binning painted the new north gallery of Holyrood Palace in 1577.[17]

Walter Binning's house

Binning had a property near the High School and the old Black Friars.[18] He paid five shillings annually for the "land" belonging to Blackfriars where he lived.[19] In October 1567 he was asked to return building materials salvaged from the Friary to the site for the construction of a new hospital at Trinity College Kirk. Binning had made a yard or garden on part of the churchyard and the town council ordered this to be removed.[20]

After Binning's death his house came to be the property of a stonemason, Walter Biccarton.[21]

Glaziers and painters

In Edinburgh the craft and trade of a decorative painter overlapped with the profession of a glazier. This seems to have been usual, and in medieval Antwerp both painters and glass workers joined the Guild of St Luke.[22]

Robert Binning glazed David's Tower and the chapel in Edinburgh castle in January 1540, and also painted and gilded carved heraldry at Holyrood Palace.[23] In August 1555 and 1559 Walter Binning was listed with the glaziers in the minutes of the Edinburgh incorporation of masons and wrights. The other were; John Sampson, Thomas Watson, Adam Symmer (or Somer), Thomas Bynning, James Hunter and John Yairds.[24] James Hunter eventually became the king's glazier in October 1584, though Mary, Queen of Scots appointed Steven Loch first, in May 1562.[25]

In August 1550 lead and glass was sent to Hamilton Palace, and Walter Binning supplied glass with the arms of Regent Arran.[26] In January 1552 Walter Binning supplied glass for the windows of Regent Arran's chamber in Edinburgh, and in 1553 a horse was hired to take glass he had supplied to Hamilton.[27]

Thomas Binning worked as a glazier providing glass to the Tolbooth and council house in 1563.[28] His brother David Binning (d. 1576) was made as a burgess a glazier or glasswright in April 1569. David Binning was paid 5 shillings to paint on the pillar of repentance in St Giles' Kirk, "This is the place appoyntit for publick repentence".[29]

References
  1. Sarah Carpenter, 'Walter Binning: Decorative and Theatrical Painter', Medieval English Theatre 10 (1988), pp. 17–25.
  2. David McRoberts, 'Notes on Scoto-Flemish artistic contacts', Innes Review, 10:1 (June, 1959), pp. 91-96.
  3. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treaurer: 1538-1541, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 348.
  4. Hammermen of Edinburgh, p. 119.
  5. Amy Blakeway, Regency in Sixteenth-Century Scotland (Boydell, 2015), p. 141.
  6. Michael Apted & Susan Hannabus, Painters in Scotland (SRS: Edinburgh, 1978), pp. 28-30.
  7. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treaurer: 1551-1559, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1913), p. 22.
  8. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treaurer: 1551-1559, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1913), p. 115.
  9. James David Marwick, Extracts from the records of the Burgh of Edinburgh: 1528-1557, pp. 194-5.
  10. Lucinda H. S. Dean, 'In the Absence of an Adult Monarch', Medieval and Early Modern Representations of Authority in Scotland and the British Isles (Routledge, 2016), pp. 155-158.
  11. James David Marwick, Extracts from the records of the Burgh of Edinburgh: 1557-1571 (Edinburgh, 1875), p. 26.
  12. Robert Adam, Edinburgh Records: The Burgh Accounts, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1899), pp. 269-271
  13. Sarah Carpenter & Graham Runnalls, 'The Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots', Medieval English Theatre, 22 (2000), pp. 145-161.
  14. Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 108.
  15. John Graham Dalyell, Journal of the Transactions in Scotland, by Richard Bannatyne (Edinburgh, 1806), pp. 316, 319
  16. Robert Pitcairn, Memorials of Transactions in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1836), p. 220
  17. Charles Thorpe McInnes, Accounts of the Treasurer: 1574-1580, vol. 13 (Edinburgh, 1978), pp. 162, 166.
  18. Marguerite Wood, Extracts from the records of the Burgh of Edinburgh: 1589-1603 (Edinburgh, 1927), p. 28.
  19. James Kirk, Books of Assunption of Thirds (Oxford, 1995), p. 127.
  20. James David Marwick, Extracts from the records of the Burgh of Edinburgh: 1557-1571 (Edinburgh, 1875), pp. 242-3.
  21. Calendar of Laing Charters (Edinburgh, 1899), p. 248 no. 996.
  22. P. Rombouts & T. van Lerius, De Liggeren en andere Historische Archieven der Antwerpsche Sint Lucas gilde, vol. 1 (Antwerp, 1872).
  23. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer: 1538-1541, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 349-50: Accounts of the Masters of Work, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1957), p. 224.
  24. Edinburgh City Archives: Minutes of the masons and wrights, 1555 & 1559.
  25. Gordon Donaldson, Register of the Privy Seal: 1581-1584, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1982), p. 441 no. 2520: Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 167: James Beveridge & Gordon Donaldson, Register of the Privy Seal: 1556-1567, 5:1 (Edinburgh, 1957), p. 263 no. 1019.
  26. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treaurer: 1546-1551, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), pp. 431-2.
  27. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treaurer: 1551-1559, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1913), p. 204.
  28. Michael Apted & Susan Hannabuss, Painters in Scotland (SRS: Edinburgh, 1978), p. 27.
  29. Michael Apted & Susan Hannabuss, Painters in Scotland (SRS: Edinburgh, 1978), p. 26: Edinburgh Burgh Accouncts, vol. 1, p. 236.
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