Westfield, Massachusetts

The area was originally inhabited by the Pocomtuc, and was called Woronoco (meaning "the winding land"[5]). Trading houses were built in 1639 to 1640 by European settlers from the Connecticut Colony. Massachusetts asserted jurisdiction, and prevailed after a boundary survey. In 1647, Massachusetts made Woronoco part of Springfield.[6] Land was "incrementally purchased from the Native Americans and granted by the Springfield town meeting to English settlers, beginning in 1658." The area of Woronoco or "Streamfield" began to be permanently settled in the 1660s.[6] In 1669, "Westfield" was incorporated as an independent town;[7] in 1920, it would be re-incorporated as a city. The name Westfield would be named for being at the time the most westerly settlement. "Streamfield" was considered a name for the town for being settled in between two "streams" that flow downtown, the Westfield River and the Little River.

From its founding until 1725, Westfield was the westernmost settlement in the Massachusetts Colony, and portions of it fell within the Equivalent Lands. Town meetings were held in a church meeting house until 1839, when Town Hall was erected on Broad Street. This building also served as City Hall from 1920 to 1958. Due to its alluvial lands, the inhabitants of the Westfield area were entirely devoted to agricultural pursuits for about 150 years.

Early in the 19th century, the manufacture of bricks, whips, and cigars became economically important. At one point in the 19th century, Westfield was a prominent center of the buggy whip industry, and the city is still known as the "Whip City". Other firms produced bicycles, paper products, pipe organs, boilers and radiators, textile machinery, abrasives, wood products, and precision tools. Westfield transformed itself from an agricultural town into a thriving industrial city in the 19th century, but in the second half of the 20th century its manufacturing base was eroded by wage competition in the U.S. Southeast, then overseas.

Meanwhile, with cheap land and convenient access to east–west and north–south interstate highways, the north side developed into a warehousing center to C & S Wholesale, Home Depot, Lowes and other corporations. South of the river, the intersecting trends of growth of Westfield State University and declining manufacturing changed the city's character. Students comprise some 15% of Westfield's population, and the old downtown business district caters increasingly to them while mainstream shopping relocates to a commercial strip called East Main Street, part of U.S. Route 20.

Only four buildings exceed four stories in height. Until a major fire on January 6, 1952, the Westfield Professional Building covered half a downtown city block and was six stories tall. The entire building was consumed with extensive damage to neighboring buildings because the fire department's ladder and snorkel vehicles weren't tall enough and the building did not have a sprinkler system. Subsequent zoning prohibited virtually all new construction over three stories, even after improvements in fire suppression technologies and vehicles became available. No building is allowed to be taller than the town's firetruck ladders.

In the early 20th century, Westfield was at the center of the Pure Food movement, an effort to require stricter standards on the production of food. Louis B. Allyn, a Westfield resident and pure foods expert for McClure's Magazine, lived in Westfield until his murder. In 1906, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. In June 2017, the administration of Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker announced a $300,000 grant to the city for an industrial park expansion.[8]

In 1939, Westfield became the first city in Massachusetts, as well as all of New England, to elect a female Mayor when Alice Burke defeated incumbent Raymond H. Cowing.[9]

Replete with interesting graffiti, the M&M Trail passes beneath the Mass Pike along with the railroad

Westfield is located at 42°7′46″N 72°44′46″W (42.129492, −72.745986).[10] It is bordered on the north by Southampton, on the northeast by Holyoke, on the east by West Springfield, on the southeast by Agawam, on the south by Southwick, on the southwest by Granville, on the west by Russell, and on the northwest by Montgomery. Westfield is split into the "South Side" and the "North Side" by the Westfield River, and the northwestern section of town is known as Wyben.

View of Snake Pond and the distant Westfield countryside from East Mountain in Holyoke

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 47.4 square miles (122.7 km²), of which 46.3 square miles (120.0 km²) are land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km²), or 2.24%, are water.[11]

Westfield is situated at the western edge of the downfaulted Connecticut River Valley where the Westfield River emerges from the Berkshire Hills and flows through the center of the city on its way to the Connecticut River some 10 miles (16 km) downstream. Because of its large, steep and rocky upstream watershed, the river has a history of severe flood episodes, inundating adjacent parts of Westfield several times. In spite of a complicated system of pumps, dikes, waterways, and upstream dams, Westfield lies in a floodplain zone and is still considered flood-prone.

Westfield is bordered on the east by linear cliffs of volcanic trap rock known as East Mountain and Provin Mountain. They are part of the Metacomet Ridge, a mountainous trap rock ridgeline that stretches from Long Island Sound to nearly the Vermont border. Both mountains are traversed by the 114-mile (183 km) Metacomet-Monadnock Trail, that also crosses the Westfield River with an ill-advised fording or a safer road-walk across the bridge at the junction of Routes 187 and 20. The next road obstacle for hikers in Westfield is the Massachusetts Turnpike, beneath which hikers can safely walk.

Westfield is on the fringe of the greater Northeast megalopolis—the most densely populated region of the United States—and has experienced substantial land development for suburban residential and commercial uses for the past six decades. Yet it borders hilltowns to the west that were depopulated of subsistence farmers in the 19th century as land became readily available on the western frontier. With population dipping below ten per square kilometer in some upland townships, forests are reverting almost to pre-settlement conditions with wild turkey, bears, coyotes and even moose returning after absences perhaps measured in centuries. This transition over a few miles from the 21st century urbanization to population densities nearly as low as early colonial times is notable if not unique.

Westfield is located 10 miles (16 km) west of Springfield, 39 miles (63 km) southeast of Pittsfield, 95 miles (153 km) west of Boston, 30 miles (48 km) north of Hartford, Connecticut, 76 miles (122 km) southeast of Albany, New York, and 145 miles (233 km) northeast of New York City.

At the 2010 census,[27] there were 41,094 people, 15,335 households and 10,041 families residing in the city. The population density was 860.3 inhabitants per square mile (332.2/km²). There were 16,075 housing units at an average density of 331.5 per square mile (128.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.8% White, 1.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 2.2% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.5% of the population.

There were 14,797 households, of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. Of all households 25.9% were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.07.

Age distribution was 23.8% under the age of 18, 12.6% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.

The median household income was $45,240, and the median family income was $55,327. Males had a median income of $38,316 versus $27,459 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,600. About 6.9% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Westfield is governed by a mayor and a city council, elected every two years. The office of the mayor is responsible for a variety of services throughout the city, and the mayor also serves as chairman of the School Committee. The City Council meets the first and third Thursday of every month at 7:30 p.m. in City Hall.[28]

Westfield was involved in a mitigation action regarding water contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.[29]

The current mayor of Westfield is Michael A. McCabe.[30] In the Massachusetts General Court, the current senator, representing the Second Hampden and Hampshire district, is John Velis. The representative for the Fourth Hampden district is Kelly Pease. Westfield is located in the Eighth Massachusetts Governor's Council district and is represented by Tara Jacobs[31]

The Westfield City Council is composed of the following members:

The current city council president is Breant Bean II.

A snow-covered residential neighborhood in Westfield.

Westfield public library, 1899

Westfield's public school system consists of one preschool, seven elementary schools, a middle school, and two high schools.

The Westfield Athenaeum is a free library that is open to the public. It is located in Westfield, Massachusetts and is part of the CW MARS consortium.[34] The library was incorporated by an act of the Massachusetts Legislature, Chapter 88, in 1864.[35]

Westfield Athenaeum Children's Library Entrance

The Westfield Athenaeum opened at 26 Main Street on January 1, 1868, with an annual membership fee of $2. In 1895, it became free to Westfield residents. In 1899, the library was moved and a new building was dedicated at 6 Elm Street, the former home of James Fowler.[36]

The Athenaeum is a non-profit organization, governed by a board of directors. Its mission is to "enrich the community of Westfield by providing open access to educational, cultural, recreational and informational resources and programs."[37]

In fiscal year 2008, the city of Westfield spent 0.87% ($811,000) of its budget on its public library—approximately $19 per person, per year ($25.04 adjusted for inflation to 2022).[38]

• The Westfield News Group LLC., publishers of The Westfield News, PennySaver, The Longmeadow News and The Enfield Press

• Edward Bancroft (1744–1821), physician and double-agent spy during the American Revolution[50]
• Lou Barlow (born 1966), American alternative rock musician and songwriter
• Kacey Bellamy (born 1987), Olympian, 2010 Winter Olympics, Women's Ice Hockey Silver Medalist[51]
• Sybil Moseley Bingham (1792–1848) teacher, missionary in Hawaiian Islands
• Emma Helen Blair (1851–1911) historian, journalist and editor who attended high school in town
• Asahel Bush (1824–1913), printer and publisher the Oregon Statesman newspaper; His estate is now preserved as Bush's Pasture Park and his home, Asahel Bush House, is on the National Register of Historic Places
• Joseph Buell Ely (1881–1956), 52nd Governor of Massachusetts
• Richard Falley Jr. (1740–1808) an ensign at the Battle of Bunker Hill and armorer during the American Revolutionary War
• Ray Fitzgerald (1904–1977), Major League Baseball player who died in town
• Frederick H. Gillett (1851–1935), U.S. Congressman, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
• Manuel Gonzales (1913–1993), comics artist
• James H. Gray Sr. (1916–1986), Georgia politician
• Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden (1829–1887) pioneering geologist
• Thomas Ingersoll (1749–1812), early settler of Ingersoll, Ontario, and for whom that town is named
• Neil Jenney, artist
• William Allen Johnson, organ builder; Johnson Organs
• Jackie French Koller, author and painter
• Walt Kowalczyk (born 1935), professional football player with the Philadelphia Eagles, Dallas Cowboys and Oakland Raiders
• Jesse Leach, rock singer and musician
• Grey Lock (1670–1750), Abenaki warrior chieftain
• Jim Matheos (born 1962), guitarist, best known of Fates Warning
• Mary L. Moreland (1859–1918), minister, evangelist, suffragist, author
• Gilbert Clifford Noble (1860–1936), Founder of Barnes and Noble Book Stores
• Ralph E. Van Norstrand, minority leader of the Connecticut General Assembly, 1979—1985; Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives, 1985—1987[52]
• Don Pardo, longtime Saturday Night Live announcer
• Gorham Parks, U.S. Congressman from Maine and American Consul in Rio de Janeiro
• Rufus Parks, Wisconsin politician
• Dale Quarterley, part-time ARCA Menards Series West racecar driver
• Frederic Rzewski, composer
• William Shepard, Revolutionary War general
• Nettie Stevens, early geneticist who discovered chromosomes determined one's sex
• Walter Scott Story (1879–1955), author
• Clara Harrison Stranahan (1831–1905), author; founder of Barnard College
• Rick Sullivan, current Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the former Mayor of Westfield
• Edward Taylor (c. 1642–1729) poet, physician, and pastor
• Adonis Terry (1864–1915), former MLB pitcher for four teams
• Alfred Topliff (1799–1879), Wisconsin State Assemblyman and surveyor
• Mark Trafton, U.S. congressman
• Daniel P. Trant, NBA player (Boston Celtics), killed on September 11, 2001 in the World Trade Center attack

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Westfield, Massachusetts.

• City of Westfield official website
• A Record of Marriages, Births and Deaths in Westfield, Massachusetts Prior to the Year 1700 – Communicated by the Rev. Emerson Davis of that town, Corresponding Member of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society
• MHC Reconnaissance Town Survey Report: Westfield, Massachusetts Historical Commission, 1982.