Wikitravel

Wikitravel is a web-based collaborative travel guide based on the wiki format and owned by Internet Brands. It was most active from 2003 through 2012, when most of its editing community left and brought their contributions to the nonprofit Wikivoyage guide.[2]

For the Wikimedia Foundation travel guide, see Wikivoyage.

Wikitravel
The Wikitravel logo includes a stylized blue-grey compass rose
Type of site
Wiki travel guide with media repository
Available inInitially English, now also 20 other languages: Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish[1]
OwnerInternet Brands
Created byEvan Prodromou
Michele Ann Jenkins
URLwikitravel.org
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional
LaunchedJuly 2003 (2003-07)
Current statusActive
Content license
CC BY-SA
Written inMediaWiki software, made in PHP

The site was launched by Evan Prodromou and Michele Ann Jenkins in 2003[3][4] as a multilingual effort aiming to cover all the globe's destinations. In 2006, Internet Brands bought the trademark and servers and later introduced advertising to the website.[5] This move met opposition from users, with many German and Italian editors leaving in December 2006 for a newly established wiki, Wikivoyage.

In 2006, Wikitravel launched a free media repository known as Wikitravel Shared, and in 2007, it received a Webby Award for Best Travel Website.[6] The same year, Wikitravel's founders began Wikitravel Press, a now-defunct project that published printed travel guides based on the website's content.[7] The first print guides were released on February 1, 2008.

In 2012, in response to sustained dissatisfaction with Internet Brands' commercialization and technical support, a large portion of the editing community, including the founders, left and transferred their contributions to the Wikivoyage travel guide, which was relaunched as a Wikimedia Foundation–hosted project in January 2013. Since then, Wikivoyage has surpassed Wikitravel in edit count, page count, and global viewership.[8][2]

History
Annotated map of the 1st arrondissement of Paris generated for a guide to travel of Wikitravel from OpenStreetMap data

Wikitravel was started in July 2003 by Evan Prodromou and Michele Ann Jenkins, partly inspired by Wikipedia. To allow individuals, tourism agencies, and others to make free reprints of individual pages more easily than permitted by the GNU Free Documentation License (used by Wikipedia at that time) it used the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license. Since Wikipedia and Wikitravel are licensed under the Attribution ShareAlike license, appropriate content can be shared between the two so long as licensing requirements are met.

Wikitravel does not have a neutral-point-of-view requirement, as it is written from the point of view of a traveler and, instead, encourages editors to "be fair".[9]

Wikitravel encourages original research in its content, and therefore does not generally require citation,[10] but it does require contributions to comply with its Manual of Style, to provide an easily recognised and consistent layout and appearance,[11] and to avoid touting.[12]

On April 20, 2006, Wikitravel announced that it and World66—another open-content wiki travel guide founded in 1999—had been acquired by Internet Brands, a publicly traded corporation.[13] The new owner hired Prodromou and Jenkins to continue managing Wikitravel as a consensus-based project. They explained that Internet Brands' long-term plan was for Wikitravel to continue to focus on collaborative, objective guides, while World66 would focus more on personal experiences and reviews. In response, many authors of the German language community chose to fork the German Wikitravel, which was released on December 10, 2006, as Wikivoyage. The German language Wikitravel remains active. On April 1, 2008, Internet Brands added Google advertising to Wikitravel, with an opt-out procedure for registered users.

On May 1, 2007, Wikitravel received the Webby Award for Best Travel Website. On June 16, 2008, Wikitravel was named one of the "50 Best Websites of 2008" by Time magazine.[14]

On August 3, 2007, Prodromou, Jenkins, and long-time contributor Jani Patokallio started Wikitravel Press, a company that produces and sells print guidebooks based on material contributed to Wikitravel. The first Wikitravel Press guides, Chicago and Singapore, were launched on February 1, 2008.[15] Content in these guidebooks was available under the same Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license under which Wikitravel material is licensed. The Wikitravel trademarks were licensed to Wikitravel Press, but there was otherwise no connection to Internet Brands. Wikitravel Press ceased to operate in 2011.[16]

On January 1, 2010, the content of Wikitravel was migrated to the updated Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 license.

In mid-2012, a proposal was floated by members of the editing community to fork their work at Wikitravel (forking in this context means to move editing activities and current content to a new host, in accordance with the site license) and re-merge with the travel website Wikivoyage—which had been a fork of German and Italian language Wikitravel some years before—and to then seek hosting of the merged sites by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation.[17][18] Internet Brands opposed this move and sued one Wikitravel contributor and one Wikipedia contributor, alleging trademark infringement, unfair competition, and civil conspiracy. This move was opposed by individuals and by the Wikimedia Foundation as being an example of a SLAPP lawsuit—one undertaken without plausible legal grounds with a primary intent being to deter, overwhelm, or frustrate persons engaged in fully lawful actions.[19]

Community fork in 2012
See also: Wikivoyage § History, and Internet Brands § Wikitravel and Wikimedia

In 2012, after a lengthy history of dissatisfaction with Wikitravel's host and owner Internet Brands, it was proposed that the community at Wikitravel fork (split off) their work and editing activities from Wikitravel and Wikitravel Shared and—with the existing sites at Wikivoyage—merge to create a new travel wiki to be hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, the owner of Wikipedia and a large range of other non-profit reference sites based upon wiki communities.[20][21][22] The dissatisfaction related to long-standing discontent at poor hosting, poor site updates, and excessive monetization and advertising, and eventually, interference by Internet Brands in the community's activities in breach of prior agreements and understandings.[23]

After lengthy discussion by users of the three communities and comments by their respective hosts, and confirmation by the Wikimedia Foundation that it would host a travel project if users wished, the majority of administrators and bureaucrats at Wikitravel decided to fork their existing work to Wikivoyage.[24][25][26]

The contents of Wikitravel and its related 'Commons' (images, video and other media files) in all languages and of Wikitravel Commons were downloaded as a 'database dump' in preparation for such a migration on August 2, 2012, and as the starting point for the existing wiki. Forking is a normal or anticipated activity in wiki communities and is permitted by the Creative Commons license in use on sites such as Wikitravel; the wiki software used for Wikitravel included that facility, although Internet Brands disabled the function shortly after this date to forestall the attempt at data migration or forking.[23] The community discussion at Wikimedia ended 23 August 2012 with 540 votes in support and 152 votes in opposition of the creation of a Wikimedia Foundation travel guide project.[27] The wiki text was moved to Wikimedia Foundation servers on November 10, 2012.

A significant part of the editing community including most of the administrators at the time, and the existing Wikitravel content for most languages resumed under the 'Wikivoyage' name as www.wikivoyage.org, as an ad-free and not-for-profit reference site in early 2013.[28][29]

On August 24, 2012, Internet Brands filed a lawsuit in Los Angeles County Superior Court against Wikitravel administrator Ryan Holliday and Wikipedia administrator James Heilman involving claims of trademark infringement and unfair business practices. In September 2012, the Wikimedia Foundation filed a complaint in San Francisco County Superior Court on behalf of Holliday and Heilman asking the court to declare that "forking has and remains a legal activity."[30] In February 2013 the parties settled their litigation. The terms of the settlement were not reported.[31]

References
  1. "Multilingual statistics". Wikitravel. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  2. Douglas, Nick (March 13, 2018). "Wikivoyage Is the Travel Guide to Everywhere". Lifehacker. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  3. Turnbull, Giles (April 12, 2004). "The DIY travel guide". BBC News. Archived from the original on July 27, 2010. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  4. O'Connell, Pamela LiCalzi (February 12, 2004). "Online Diary". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  5. Tedeschi, Bob (April 24, 2006). "Everyone's an Editor as Wiki Fever Spreads to Shopping Sites". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  6. Coyle, Jake (May 30, 2007). "On the Net: Web Sites to Travel By". Fox News Channel. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  7. Doctorow, Cory (February 19, 2008). "Wikitravel to publish up-to-the-month print editions of its guides". Boing Boing. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  8. "wikivoyage.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic". www.alexa.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  9. "Wikitravel:Be fair". Wikitravel. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  10. "Wikitravel:Tips for new contributors". Wikitravel. Archived from the original on December 27, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  11. "Wikitravel:Manual of style". Wikitravel. Archived from the original on December 28, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  12. "Wikitravel:Don't tout". Wikitravel. Archived from the original on December 27, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  13. "Internet Brands Picks Up Two Travel Sites". The New York Times. DealBook. April 20, 2006. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  14. Hamilton, Anita (June 17, 2008). "Wikitravel – 50 Best Websites 2008". Time. Archived from the original on June 18, 2008. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  15. Glow, Justin (February 19, 2008). "Wikitravel to publish hardcopy editions of its guides". Gadling. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  16. "Wikitravel Press: Seven lessons from a startup that failed". Gyrovague. December 18, 2012. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  17. The Case of Wikitravel and Wikivoyage Archived July 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Governance Across Borders, July 2012
  18. "Wikipedia parent to launch travel guide with Wikitravel rebels". Skift.com. July 13, 2012. Archived from the original on August 17, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  19. "Wiki travel dustup tests open copyright licenses". Thomson Reuters News and Insight. September 7, 2012. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  20. "Wikivoyage – Meta". Meta.wikimedia.org. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  21. Archived April 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Travel Guide proposal on Wikimedia meta-wiki(Revision as of 20:12, 24 August 2012)
  22. , Wikivoyage Migration FAQ (Revision as of 23:15, 26 August 2012)
  23. Migration FAQ at Wikivoyage, 25 Oct 2012
  24. Archived December 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Discussions (towards the bottom) on Wikitravel's Travellers' Pub regarding the migration to Wikimedia/Wikivoyage (Revision as of 01:16, 26 August 2012)
  25. Part of the discussion at Wikivoyage, of move to WMF 25 Oct 2012
  26. Analysis of the situation, findings, discussions, and resolutions by the Wikimedia Foundation and its user community Archived May 2, 2021, at the Wayback Machine: comprehensive resources at Wikimedia.org, as at 25 October 2012
  27. Archived April 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Request for Comment on the Travel Guide proposal at Wikimedia meta-wiki, version at time that discussion ended
  28. Wikimedia.org website 25 October 2012 Archived April 30, 2021, at the Wayback Machine: states "In preparation of Wikivoyage becoming part of the new Wikimedia travel guide..." and "Wikivoyage e.V. plans to hand over its domain and the responsibility for operating the Wikivoyage project to the Wikimedia Foundation. A corresponding resolution has been made by the general assembly in June 2012."
  29. See also Wikivoyage mailing list Archived November 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine by Wikimedia Foundation] as at 25 October 2012: "The mailing list for Wikivoyage, a planned Wikimedia project"
  30. Noam Cohen (September 9, 2012). "Travel Site Built on Wiki Ethos Now Bedevils Its Owner". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 17, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  31. Musil, Steven (February 17, 2013). "Wikimedia, Internet Brands settle Wikivoyage lawsuits". CNET. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
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