William Kissam Vanderbilt

William Kissam "Willie" Vanderbilt I (December 12, 1849 – July 22, 1920[1]) was an American heir, businessman, philanthropist and horsebreeder. Born into the Vanderbilt family, he managed his family's railroad investments.[2]

William Kissam Vanderbilt
Born(1849-12-12)December 12, 1849
New Dorp, New York,[1] U.S.
DiedJuly 22, 1920(1920-07-22) (aged 70)
Paris, France
OccupationHorse breeder
Spouses
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(m. 1875; div. 1895)​
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    (m. 1903)​
    ChildrenConsuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess Of Marlborough
    William Kissam Vanderbilt II
    Harold Stirling Vanderbilt
    Parent(s)William Henry Vanderbilt
    Maria Louisa Kissam
    RelativesHerbert M. Harriman (brother-in-law)
    Signature

    Early life

    William Kissam Vanderbilt I was born on December 12, 1849, in New Dorp, New York, on Staten Island. His parents were Maria Louisa Kissam and William Henry Vanderbilt, the eldest son of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, an heir to his fortune and a prominent member of the Vanderbilt family who was the richest American after he took over his father's fortune in 1877 until his own death in 1885.[3]

    He was the third of eight children born to his parents. His siblings were Cornelius Vanderbilt II, Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt, Emily Thorn Vanderbilt, Florence Adele Vanderbilt, Frederick William Vanderbilt, Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt, and George Washington Vanderbilt II.[2]

    Career

    Vanderbilt inherited $55 million (equal to about $1.8 billion today) from his father. He managed his family railroad investments. In 1879, after taking over P. T. Barnum's Great Roman Hippodrome which was on railroad property by Madison Square Park, he renamed the facility Madison Square Garden.[4]

    Thoroughbred horse racing

    Vanderbilt was one of the founders of The Jockey Club. He was a shareholder and president of the Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Brooklyn, New York, and the owner of a successful racing stable. In 1896, he built the American Horse Exchange at 50th Street (Manhattan) and Broadway. In 1911 he leased it (and eventually sold it to) the Shubert Organization who then transformed it into the Winter Garden Theatre.[5]

    After his divorce from Alva, he moved to France where he built a château and established the Haras du Quesnay horse racing stable and breeding farm near Deauville in France's famous horse region of Lower Normandy. Among the horses he owned was the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame filly Maskette, purchased from Castleton Farm in Lexington, Kentucky, for broodmare services at his French breeding farm. Vanderbilt's horses won a number of important races in France including:

    Personal life
    Alva Erskine Smith, first wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt

    On April 20, 1875, Vanderbilt married his first wife, Alva Erskine Smith, daughter of Murray Forbes Smith and Phoebe Ann Desha.[6] Together, they had three children:[2]

    Anne (née Harriman) Sands Rutherfurd, the second wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt, ca. 1915

    Alva later coerced Consuelo into marrying Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough on November 6, 1895.[7] Alva divorced Vanderbilt in March 1895, at a time when divorce was rare among the elite, and received a large financial settlement reported to be in excess of $10 million (equal to about $350 million today). The grounds for divorce were allegations of Vanderbilt's adultery. Indeed, one account of cheating on his wife was with none other than the Duchess of Manchester, Consuelo Yznaga, also known as his wife's best friend. Alva remarried to one of their old family friends, Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont, on January 11, 1896.[6]

    In 1903, Vanderbilt married Anne Harriman, daughter of banker Oliver Harriman.[8] She was a widow to sportsman Samuel Stevens Sands and to Lewis Morris Rutherfurd Jr., son of the astronomer Lewis Morris Rutherfurd. Her second husband had died in Switzerland in 1901. She had two sons by her first marriage and two daughters by her second marriage. She had no children by Vanderbilt.[2]

    Residences
    William K. Vanderbilt House on Fifth Avenue, New York City

    Like other prominent Vanderbilts, he built magnificent houses. His residences included Idle Hour (1900) on Long Island and Marble House (1892), designed by Richard Morris Hunt, in Newport, Rhode Island. Hunt also designed Vanderbilt's 660 Fifth Avenue mansion (1883).[9]

    Château Vanderbilt in Carrières-sous-Poissy, France.

    In 1907, Vanderbilt and his second wife built Château Vanderbilt, a Louis XIII style manor house along with three thoroughbred race tracks in Carrières-sous-Poissy, an hour outside Paris and on the route to Deauville, famous for its horse racing.

    Vanderbilt was a co-owner of the yacht Defender, which won the 1895 America's Cup and briefly owned the large steam yacht Consuelo. Vanderbilt was a founder and president of the New Theatre.

    Vanderbilt made significant charitable contributions to Vanderbilt University, a private university in Nashville, Tennessee, named for his grandfather.[10][11]

    Death and legacy

    Vanderbilt died in Paris on July 22, 1920.[1] His remains were brought home and interred in the Vanderbilt family mausoleum in New Dorp, Staten Island, New York.[12]

    Vanderbilt's portrait, painted by F. W. Wright from an original painting by Richard Hall between 1911 and 1921, was donated to Vanderbilt University in 1921; it is hung in Kirkland Hall.[10]

    In World War II, the United States liberty ship SS William K. Vanderbilt was named in his honor.

    Founding member of the Jekyll Island Club aka The Millionaires Club on Jekyll Island, Georgia.[13]

    References
    1. "William Kissam Vanderbilt". Long Island University. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
    2. "W.K. VANDERBILT DIES IN FRANCE IN HIS 71ST YEAR; Was Eldest Male Survivor of Family That Built Fortune in New York Central. CHILDREN AT HIS BEDSIDE Duchess of Marlborough and Her Brothers Present with Financier's Widow. ESTATE NEAR $100,000,000 $300,000,000 Left by His Father in Eight Shares Believed to be Over Billion Total Now". The New York Times. 23 July 1920. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
    3. "Wm. H. Vanderbilt Dead. He is Prostrated by Paralysis While Talking to Robert Jarrett, President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Dies Without Speaking. His Vast Wealth Estimated at Two Hundred Millions". Washington Post. December 9, 1885. Retrieved 2008-08-01. William H. Vanderbilt died at his residence in this city, of paralysis, at half-past two o'clock this afternoon. He arose this morning at his usual hour, and at breakfast served to the members of the family, most of whom were present, he appeared to be in his usual health and in a more than usually happy frame of mind.
    4. Suppes, Munsey. "Madison Square Garden I". hockey.ballparks.com. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
    5. Winter Garden Theatre - shubertorganization.com - Retrieved April 3, 2008
    6. Patterson, Jerry E. The Vanderbilts., pages 120-121. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1989. ISBN 0-8109-1748-3
    7. "W.K. VANDERBILT'S GIFTS.; House to Grandson, Marquis of Blandford". The New York Times. 29 January 1920. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
    8. "WILLIAM K. VANDERBILT ABOUT TO REMARRY; Justice Giegerich Modifies Divorce Decree to Permit. The Ceremony Arranged for Tomorrow in Paris -- Countess Fabbricotti and a Mrs. Ingraham Mentioned as Bride-to-Be". The New York Times. 21 April 1903. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
    9. "BUSINESS MEN IN DEAL FOR VANDERBILT HOME; 660 Fifty Avenue to be Sold-- Home Of Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Also for Sale". The New York Times. 10 November 1920. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
    10. "Vanderbilt Collection - Kirkland Hall: William Kissam Vanderbilt 1849 - 1920". Tennessee Portrait Project. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
    11. "VANDERBILT RICHES GO TO SONS; MAY BE SUIT ON ESTATE TAX; State to Press Claim for $500,000 on Recent Gift of $15,000,000 to Daughter. ART BEQUESTS TO THE CITY Fine Old Masterpieces and Bronzes Left to the Metropolitan Museum.$50,000 TO ISLIP CHURCHResidue, After $13,520,000 in Legacies and Trusts, Willed to W.K., Jr., and Harold S." The New York Times. 28 August 1920. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
    12. "PLAN VANDERBILT FUNERAL.; Preparations Being Made for Burial in Staten Island Cemetery". The New York Times. 22 August 1920. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
    13. "Jekyll Island Club and Island History". Jekyll Island Club Resort. Archived from the original on 2017-01-27. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

    Further reading
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