William de Braose (died 1230)

William de Braose (c. 1197 – 2 May 1230) was the son of Reginald de Braose by his first wife, Grecia Briwere. He was an ill-fated member of the House of Braose, a powerful and long-lived dynasty of Marcher Lords.

Arms attributed to William de Braose by Matthew Paris: Party per pale indented gules and azure. Marginal drawing of an inverted shield referring to his Nota impiam murthram ("impious murder")[1][2]

Biography

William de Braose was born in Brecon, probably between 1197 and 1204. The Welsh, who detested him and his family name, called him Gwilym Ddu, Black William. He succeeded his father in his various lordships in 1227, including Abergavenny and Buellt.

William married Eva Marshal, daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. They had four daughters:

He was captured by the Welsh forces of Prince Llywelyn the Great, in fighting in the commote of Ceri near Montgomery, in 1228. William was ransomed for the sum of £2,000 and then furthermore made an alliance with Llywelyn, arranging to marry his daughter Isabella de Braose to Llywelyn's only legitimate son Dafydd ap Llywelyn. However, it became known that William had committed adultery with Llywelyn's wife, Joan, Lady of Wales, and Braose was taken at his own home and transported to Wales.[3] The marriage planned between their two children did, however, take place.[4]

The Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur's entry for 1230 reads:

"In this year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the Lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife".

Llywelyn had William publicly hanged on 2 May 1230,[5] possibly at Crogen, near Bala, though others believe the hanging took place near Llywelyn's palace at Abergwyngregyn.

After William's death, his wife Eva continued to hold de Braose lands and castles in her own right. She was listed as the holder of Totnes in 1230, and was granted 12 marks to strengthen Hay Castle by King Henry III on the Close Rolls (1234–1237).

Legacy

With William's death by hanging and his having four daughters, who divided the de Braose inheritance between them and no male heir, the titles now passed to the junior branch of the de Braose dynasty, and the only male heir was now John de Braose who had already inherited the titles of Gower and Bramber from his far-sighted uncle Reginald de Braose.

Literature

Notes
  1. British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 116
  2. Paris, Matthew (1250–1259), "Royal 14 C VII", Historia Anglorum, Chronica majora, Part III; Continuation of Chronica maiora, Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts, British Library
  3. Dictionary of National Biography 34:11
  4. Dictionary of National Biography 14:201
  5. Shirley, Walter Waddington (1862), Royal and other historical letters illustrative of the reign of Henry III. From the originals in the Public Record Office, London: Longmans, Green, Longman, and Roberts, pp. 366–7 (in Latin)
  6. "THE ROYAL BED: Theatr Pena, – Wales Online". Archived from the original on 13 February 2015.

Further reading
  • Evans, Gwynfor (2001), Cymru O Hud Abergwyngregyn
  • Evans, Gwynfor (2002), Eternal Wales Abergwyngregyn
  • Fynes-Clinton, F.E. (1912), The Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor District, Oxford
  • Llyfrfa'r Methodistiaid Calfinaidd (1998), "Tystiolaeth Garth Celyn", Y Traethodydd, ISSN 0969-8930
  • Lloyd, John Edward (1911), A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest, Longmans, Green & Company
  • Martin, C. T., ed. (1882–1886), Registrum Epistolarum Fratis Johannis Peckham Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis (3 Vols ed.)
  • Pierce, Professor T. Jones (1962), "Aber Gwyn Gregin", Caernarvonshire Historical Society Transactions
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