Lake County, Ohio

Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 232,603.[2] Its county seat is Painesville, and its largest city is Mentor.

Lake County
County
Lake County Courthouse
Lake County Courthouse
Official seal of Lake County
Seal
Official logo of Lake County
Logo
Map of Ohio highlighting Lake County
Location within the U.S. state of Ohio
Map of the United States highlighting Ohio
Ohio's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°49′N 81°14′W
Country United States
State Ohio
FoundedMarch 6, 1840[1]
Named forLake Erie
SeatPainesville
Largest cityMentor
Area
 • Total979 sq mi (2,540 km2)
 • Land227 sq mi (590 km2)
 • Water752 sq mi (1,950 km2)  77%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total232,603
 • Estimate 
(2021)
232,023 Decrease
 • Density240/sq mi (92/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district14th
Websitewww.lakecountyohio.gov

The county was established on March 6, 1840, from land given by Cuyahoga and Geauga counties. Its name is derived from its location on the southern shore of Lake Erie.[3] Lake County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The land that became Lake County was home to the indigenous Erie people prior to the arrival of the French in the region during the early 1600s, and considered by the French to be part of their Colony of New France. Ceded to Great Britain in 1763, the area became part of the Province of Quebec through the Quebec Act of 1774. Following the American Revolutionary War, it became part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in the Northwest Territory, then was purchased by the Connecticut Land Company in 1795. It was separated out of Geauga County in March 1840.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 979 square miles (2,540 km2), of which 227 square miles (590 km2) is land and 752 square miles (1,950 km2) (77%) is water.[4] It is Ohio's smallest county by land area but the third-largest by total area. It borders Ontario across Lake Erie.

Adjacent counties

Major highways

National protected area

Physical geography

Ridges on the Lake Plain physiographic region, and on which some roads are laid, are beaches formed by the various glacial lakes which occurred as the glaciers receded.[5] Lake Maumee was the highest glacial lake at about 760 feet, and left Maumee II beach. Whittlesey beach, formed by Lake Whittlesey at 740 feet, is known as South Ridge. Arkona beach (Lake Arkona) is Middle Ridge, and occurs at about 690 feet. North Ridge is the remnant of Warren beach (Lake Warren), at an elevation of 685 feet. Elkton beach is the northernmost ridge, at 625 feet, an occurred at the time of Lake Elkton. Lake Shore Boulevard follows Elkton beach in Mentor Township.

Mentor Marsh is an Ohio State Nature Preserve.[6] Mentor Marsh is an abandoned channel of the Grand River.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
184013,719—
185014,6546.8%
186015,5766.3%
187015,9352.3%
188016,3262.5%
189018,23511.7%
190021,68018.9%
191022,9275.8%
192028,66725.0%
193041,67445.4%
194050,02020.0%
195075,97951.9%
1960148,70095.7%
1970197,20032.6%
1980212,8017.9%
1990215,4991.3%
2000227,5115.6%
2010230,0411.1%
2020232,6031.1%
2021 (est.)232,023[7]−0.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10]
1990-2000[11] 2010-2020[2]

In 2010, 92.4% spoke English, 2.7% Spanish, and 1.4% Croatian.[12]

2000 census

As of the census[13] of 2000, the county had 227,511 people, 89,700 households, and 62,520 families. The population density was 997 inhabitants per square mile (385/km2). There were 93,487 housing units at an average density of 410 units per square mile (160 units/km2). The county's racial makeup was 95.40% White, 1.99% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.66% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. 1.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.5% were of German, 14.6% Italian, 12.7% Irish, 8.1% English, 6.2% Polish, 5.7% American and 5.4% Slovene ancestry. 93.6% spoke English, 1.9% Spanish, and 0.8% Croatian as their first language.[12]

There were 89,700 households, out of which 31.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.10% were married couples living together, 10.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.30% were non-families. 25.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.03.

The county's population was spread out, with 24.20% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 29.70% from 25 to 44, 24.70% from 45 to 64, and 14.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 94.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.50 males.

The county's median household income was $48,763, and the median family income was $57,134. Males had a median income of $40,916 versus $28,434 for females. The county's per capita income was $23,160. About 3.50% of families and 5.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.50% of those under age 18 and 5.40% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 230,041 people, 94,156 households, and 62,384 families residing in the county.[14] The population density was 1,011.2 inhabitants per square mile (390.4/km2). There were 101,202 housing units at an average density of 444.9 units per square mile (171.8 units/km2).[15] The racial makeup of the county was 92.5% white, 3.2% black or African American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% American Indian, 1.6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.4% of the population.[14] In terms of ancestry, 26.4% were German, 18.9% were Irish, 16.4% were Italian, 11.5% were English, 7.6% were Polish, 5.4% were Hungarian, and 3.9% were American.[16]

Of the 94,156 households, 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.7% were non-families, and 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 42.3 years.[14]

The median income for a household in the county was $54,896 and the median income for a family was $67,206. Males had a median income of $49,240 versus $36,906 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,221. About 6.0% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.[17]

Environment
Fairport Harbor West Breakwater Light, Fairport Harbor viewed from the Headlands Dunes State Nature Preserve

Scorecard[18] report from 2002 ranks Lake County among the worst 10% of counties in the U.S. in terms of cancer risk, developmental and reproductive toxicants, and other categories as well; this is comparable with most major cities and densely populated areas. Scorecard[18] In 2004, this county ranked among the cleanest/best 10% of all counties in the U.S. in terms of the number of designated Superfund sites.

Lake County has a large public park system, including Lake Metroparks Farmpark. Kirtland is home to the Holden Arboretum and Gildersleeve Mountain. Headlands Beach State Park is in Mentor. The Grand River is a state wild and scenic river and the Chagrin River is a state scenic river.

Transportation

Laketran is the transit agency servicing Lake County. Interstate 90 runs northeast–southwest through Lake County, roughly parallel to State Route 2; along with the north–south State Route 44 connecting the two together. These freeways make up the major traffic arteries in the county. Lake County does not have passenger rail service, though Amtrak's New York City-Chicago "Lake Shore Limited" service schedules an eastbound and westbound train through Lake County nightly with stops at Cleveland and Erie. CSXT (former Conrail, née-Penn Central, née-New York Central) and Norfolk Southern (née-Norfolk & Western, née-Nickel Plate Road) provide railroad main line through-freight service. The recently formed Grand River Railroad, operating on former Baltimore & Ohio track, serves the Fairport Harbor area linking the Morton Salt plant with CSXT at Painesville.

Library services

The following libraries serve Lake County:

Additionally, as of 2019, all Lake County libraries are all CLEVNET members.

Politics

Lake County is known as a "purple" or "swing" county within the state. A 2008 analysis of Ohio presidential election results from 1960 to 2004 found no other county more closely follows the statewide Ohio voting pattern.[21] Lake County does not always vote with the winner, but consistently is closer to the winner's Ohio vote percentage than any other Ohio county.

United States presidential election results for Lake County, Ohio[22]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 73,278 56.03% 55,514 42.45% 1,990 1.52%
2016 64,255 54.83% 46,397 39.59% 6,538 5.58%
2012 58,744 49.50% 57,680 48.61% 2,241 1.89%
2008 59,142 48.62% 60,155 49.45% 2,345 1.93%
2004 62,193 51.05% 59,049 48.47% 581 0.48%
2000 51,747 50.45% 46,497 45.33% 4,320 4.21%
1996 40,974 41.92% 43,186 44.19% 13,576 13.89%
1992 40,766 38.46% 37,682 35.55% 27,542 25.99%
1988 52,963 56.63% 39,667 42.41% 894 0.96%
1984 54,587 59.12% 36,711 39.76% 1,027 1.11%
1980 43,485 50.31% 35,246 40.78% 7,697 8.91%
1976 36,390 45.83% 40,734 51.30% 2,284 2.88%
1972 42,488 58.90% 27,523 38.15% 2,130 2.95%
1968 28,450 43.40% 27,932 42.61% 9,177 14.00%
1964 23,282 37.65% 38,552 62.35% 0 0.00%
1960 32,038 48.94% 33,425 51.06% 0 0.00%
1956 31,017 61.14% 19,718 38.86% 0 0.00%
1952 23,483 60.48% 15,346 39.52% 0 0.00%
1948 12,973 53.81% 10,844 44.98% 291 1.21%
1944 13,697 51.86% 12,713 48.14% 0 0.00%
1940 13,464 52.04% 12,408 47.96% 0 0.00%
1936 9,386 43.24% 11,213 51.66% 1,108 5.10%
1932 11,792 61.43% 6,801 35.43% 603 3.14%
1928 11,823 74.24% 4,024 25.27% 79 0.50%
1924 7,727 70.71% 974 8.91% 2,226 20.37%
1920 7,465 72.31% 2,711 26.26% 147 1.42%
1916 2,887 51.39% 2,596 46.21% 135 2.40%
1912 1,155 22.91% 1,429 28.34% 2,458 48.75%
1908 3,635 66.97% 1,605 29.57% 188 3.46%
1904 3,824 76.42% 871 17.41% 309 6.18%
1900 3,929 68.41% 1,733 30.18% 81 1.41%
1896 3,745 68.40% 1,682 30.72% 48 0.88%
1892 2,846 67.46% 1,158 27.45% 215 5.10%
1888 2,987 68.37% 1,157 26.48% 225 5.15%
1884 2,925 69.64% 1,120 26.67% 155 3.69%
1880 2,978 71.06% 1,104 26.34% 109 2.60%
1876 2,941 71.28% 1,141 27.65% 44 1.07%
1872 2,751 73.56% 979 26.18% 10 0.27%
1868 2,909 76.59% 889 23.41% 0 0.00%
1864 2,787 82.63% 586 17.37% 0 0.00%
1860 2,521 77.74% 622 19.18% 100 3.08%
1856 2,371 78.04% 628 20.67% 39 1.28%

Communities
Map of Lake County, Ohio with Municipal and Township Labels

Cities

Villages

Townships

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

See also

References
  1. "Ohio County Profiles: Lake County" (PDF). Ohio Department of Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2004. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
  2. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  3. "Lake County data". Ohio State University Extension Data Center. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
  4. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  5. White, George W. (1980). Glacial Geology of Lake County, Ohio (PDF). Columbus, Ohio: State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey. p. 8.
  6. "Mentor Marsh State Nature Preserve". State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  7. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021". Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  8. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  9. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  10. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  11. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  12. "Data Center Results". Archived from the original on August 15, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
  13. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  14. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  15. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  16. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  17. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  18. "scorecard.org". Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  19. "HAPLR Top Ten by Population". HAPLR Index. Archived from the original on March 23, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
  20. "2005 Ohio Public Library Statistics:Statistics by County and Town". State Library of Ohio. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. Retrieved October 28, 2006.
  21. Exner, Rich (August 19, 2008). "Ohio's presidential election bellwether: Lake County". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  22. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
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