Wirenia argentea

Wirenia argentea is a species of marine mollusc of solenogastres in the family Gymnomeniidae.[2]

Wirenia argentea
Two adult individuals of Wirenia argentea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Solenogastres
Order: Pholidoskepia
Family: Gymnomeniidae
Genus: Wirenia
Species:
W. argentea
Binomial name
Wirenia argentea
Odhner, 1921[1]
Synonyms[2]

Aesthoherpia glandulosa Salvini-Plawen, 1985[3]

Distribution

Wirenia argentea lives in European marine waters.[2] The type locality of is Hardangerfjord, Sunde, Norway.[2] The type specimen are stored in the Swedish Museum of Natural History.[2]

Ecology

Wirenia argentea is a marine[2] species as all other solenogastres. Wirenia argentea lives in depth range of 95–700 m.[2]

Wirenia argentea is a carnivore[4] and it eats Cnidaria.[4]

Ontogeny

Solenogastres develop via a trochophore-like lecitotrophic larva with a preoral apical cap that at least partly represents an enlarged prototrochal area.[5]

Wirenia argentea deposit small batches of uncleaved embryos that are tightly enclosed by a smooth and transparent egg hull.[5] Cleavage is spiral and unequal. The ciliated larvae hatch about 45 hours after deposition and swim actively in the water column. Within 48–60 hours after hatching they become mushroom-shaped with a pronounced apical cap partly enclosing a posterior trunk. The cells covering the apical cap are large and cleavage arrested. On the apical cap there is a prominent prototrochal band of compound cilia and an apical ciliary tuft and the trunk bears a terminal ciliary band (telotroch). Obscured by the apical cap, a ciliary band originates in the stomodaeal pore and surrounds the trunk. As development is proceeding, the trunk elongates and becomes covered by cuticle with the exception of a ventral ciliary band, the future foot. The larvae have a pair of protonephridia. At 5 days after hatching they begin to settle and within the following 7–9 days the apical cap is gradually reduced. Scattered epidermal sclerites form under the cuticle. Wirenia argentea lack iterated groups of sclerites at any developmental stage. At 40 days after hatching, the postlarvae have a fully developed foregut, but the midgut and hindgut are not yet interconnected.[5]

Genetics

18S ribosomal RNA gene of Wirenia argentea has been analyzed in 2010 and it contains 2161 bp with strong secondary structures and with 63.12% of guanine-cytosine clamps.[6]

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.[5]

  1. Odhner N. H. (1921). "Norwegian Solenogastres". Bergens Museum Aarbok (1918-1919) 1(3): 1-86, pl. 1-6.
  2. Garcia-Alvarez O. & Gofas S. (2009). Wirenia argentea Odhner, 1921. In: Bouchet P., Gofas S. & Rosenberg G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140055 on 2010-03-24.
  3. Salvini-Plawen L. von (1985). "New interstitial Solenogastres". Stygologia 1(1): 101-108.
  4. Todt C. & Salvini-Plawen R. L. von (May 2004). "Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the foregut in Wirenia argentea and Genitoconia rosea (Mollusca, Solenogastres)". Zoomorphology 123(2): 65-80. doi:10.1007/s00435-003-0089-9.
  5. Todt C. & Wanninger A. (2010). "Of tests, trochs, shells, and spicules: Development of the basal mollusk Wirenia argentea (Solenogastres) and its bearing on the evolution of trochozoan larval key features". Frontiers in Zoology 7: 6. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-7-6.
  6. Meyer A., Todt C., Mikkelsen N. T. & Lieb B. (2010). "Fast evolving 18S rRNA sequences from Solenogastres (Mollusca) resist standard PCR amplification and give new insights into mollusk substitution rate heterogeneity". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 70. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-70

Further reading
  • Todt C. & Salvini-Plawen R. L. von (2004). "Ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium of Wirenia argentea (Mollusca: Solenogastres)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 70: 213–224. abstract
  • Todt C., Buumlchinger T. & Wanninger A. (4 August 2008). "The nervous system of the basal mollusk Wirenia argentea (Solenogastres): a study employing immunocytochemical and 3D reconstruction techniques". Marine Biology Research 4(4): 290–303. doi:10.1080/17451000801922830
  • Todt C. & Schander C. (2008). "The ontogeny of Wirenia argentea (Solenogastres)". Journal of Morphology 269: 1486-1486.
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