Witold Abramowicz (politician)

Witold Abramowicz (28 August 1874 – 1940/1941) was a politician and jurist. In 1919, he served as the mayor of Vilnius, Lithuania, and from 12 October 1920 to 16 January 1921, he was the chairperson of the Provisional Governing Commission, an executive government of the Republic of Central Lithuania. In 1922, he was the leader of the Democratic Party, which he represented in the Sejm of Central Lithuania from 1 February to 1 March 1922. From 11 March 1928 to 10 July 1935, he represented the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government for Vilnius electoral district, in the Senate of Poland.[1][2]

This article is about a politican. For a scientist, see Witold Abramowicz (scientist).
Witold Abramowicz
Member of Senate of Poland from Vilnius electoral district
In office
11 March 1928 – 10 July 1935
Member of Sejm of Central Lithuania
In office
1 February 1922 – 1 March 1922
Chairperson of the Provisional Governing Commission
In office
12 October 1920 – 16 January 1921
Preceded byoffice established
Succeeded byStefan Mokrzecki
Ministrer of Internal Affairs of Central Lithuania
In office
12 October 1920 – 16 January 1921
Preceded byoffice established
Succeeded byStefan Mokrzecki
Mayor of Vilnius
In office
1919–1919
Preceded byMarian Dziewicki
Succeeded byWitold Bańkowski
Personal details
Born(1874-08-28)August 28, 1874
Kaluga, Russia
Died1940/1941
Soviet Union
Political party
SpouseWanda Budna

Biography

Witold Abramowicz was born on 28 August 1874 in Kaluga, Russia. He was son of Jan Abramowicz and Maria Abramowicz (née Mroczkowska). He had graduated philology gymnasium (middle school) in Moscow, and then studied mathematics at the universities in Saint Petersburg and Moscow, and law in Warsaw and Kharkiv, and finished his education in 1898. Following graduating from university, he worked as a legal counsel in the Department of Railways, in, among other places, Vilnius, and Kharkiv. On 16 November 1899, he married Wanda Budna.[3][4]

In 1901 he became involved in politics, becoming a member of the Polish Socialist Party. In 1906, he became a member of the Revolutionary Faction of the Polish Socialist Party. During the First World War he was a member of the Citizen Guard, a volunteer vigilante paramilitary group that operated from 1914 to 1915 in the Congress Poland.[1][2] Since 1910s, he was a member of the Freemasonry.[5]

In 1919 he served as the mayor of Vilnius, Lithuania.[4] Following the Żeligowski's Mutiny, and establishments of the Republic of Central Lithuania, Abramowicz was one of the signatories of the "Proclamation to the People of Central Lithuania" signed on 9 October 1920. He became the member, and first chairperson of the Provisional Governing Commission, an executive government of Central Lithuanian, which was established on 12 October 1920.[1][6] He was also appointed as the Ministrer of Internal Affairs.[7] He served until 16 January 1921, when he was succeeded in both positions by Stefan Mokrzecki.[1][6]

In 1922 he was the leader of the Democratic Party, which he represented in the Sejm of Central Lithuania from 1 February to 1 March 1922. He supported the idea of the federation with Poland, proposed by Józef Piłsudski.[1][8] On 18 April 1922, the Republic of Central Lithuania was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic.[9]

He supported the rights of Lithuanian and Belarusian ethnic minorities in eastern Poland, and was involved in the establishment of the Polish–Belarussian Society in Vilnius in 1924.[1][2] In 1927 he was a member of the National People's Party of Lithuanian and Belarusian Lands "Zjednoczenie".[10]

From 11 March 1928 to 10 July 1935, he represented the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government for Vilnius electoral district, in the Senate of Poland.[1][2] In the 1930s, he criticized the politics of Ludwik Bociański, who served as the voivode of the Vilnius Voivodeship from 1935 to 1939. In 1938 he established the Democratic Club, a left-wing anti-fasist political organization based in Vilnius. In 1939, he joined the Alliance of Democrats.[1][2]

Following the Soviet invasion of Poland, Abramowicz was arrested by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs, and taken to Siberia, where he died in either 1940 or 1941. The exact date and location of his death remain unknown.[1][2]

Awards and decorations

References
  1. H. Dubowik, J. Malinows, J. Andruszkiewicz: Wileński słownik biograficzny. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Wilna i Ziemi Wileńskiej, 2002, ISBN 83-87865-28-1, OCLC 830347331. (in Polish)
  2. Jacek M. Majchrowski (editor): Kto był kim w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Warsaw: Polska Oficyna Wydawnucza BGW, p. 580 (in Polish).
  3. Stanisław Łoza (editor): Czy wiesz kto to jest?. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Głównej Księgarni Wojskowej, 1938, p. 2. (in Polish)
  4. Czy wiesz kto to jest?. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe. 1983, p. 2. (in Polish)
  5. Ludwik Hass: Ambicje rachuby, rzeczywistość. Wolnomularstwo w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej 1905-1928. Warsaw, 1984, p. 232. (in Polish)
  6. Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur. Straż Kresowa wobec kwestii białoruskiej. Deklaracje i praktyka. In: Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, no. 44, p. 32. 2009. ISSN 1230-5057. (in Polish)
  7. Dekret no 2 Naczelnego dowódcy Wojsk Litwy Środkowej. In: Dziennik Urzędowy Tymczasowej Komisji Rządzącej, no. 1. Vilnius: Provisional Governing Commission, 17 November 1920, p. 2. (in Polish)
  8. Sejm Wileński 1922 : przebieg posiedzeń według sprawozdań stenograficznych w opracowaniu kancelarji sejmowej, Vilanous: Sejm of Central Lithuania, 1922. (in Polish)
  9. "Litwa Środkowa". encyklopedia.pwn.pl (in Polish).
  10. Maciej Wojtacki: Krajowe Stronnictwo Ludowe Ziem Litewsko-Białoruskich "Zjednoczenie" i jego organ prasowy "Wioska" w kampanii wyborczej do Sejmu II kadencji (1928–1930). In: Historia i Polityka, no. 13 (20)/2015. 2015, p. 132. (in Polish).
  11. Order Odrodzenia Polski. Trzechlecie pierwszej kapituły 1921–1924. Warsaw: Presidium of the Council of Ministers, 1926, p. 16. (in Polish)
  12. Małgorzata Smogorzewska: Posłowie i Senatorowie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1919–1939. Słownik biograficzny. vol. 1: A–D. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, 1998, p. 33. (in Polish)
  13. Zarządzenie o nadaniu Krzyża Niepodległości z Mieczami, Krzyża Niepodległości oraz Medalu Niepodległości. In: Monitor Polski z 1933 roku, no. 292, position 318. 1933. (in Polish)
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