Wolvesey Castle
Wolvesey Castle, also known as the "Old Bishop's Palace",[1] is a ruined building in Winchester, Hampshire, England that was a bishop's palace, mostly built by Henry of Blois, the Bishop of Winchester, between 1135 and 1171.
| Wolvesey Castle | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Bishop's palace |
| Location | Winchester |
| Coordinates | 51°3′32.8″N 1°18′36.2″W |
| OS grid reference | SU 48459 29088 |
| Area | Hampshire |
| Owner | English Heritage |
| Official name | Wolvesey Palace |
| Designated | 19 April 1915 |
| Reference no. | 1005535 |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | Wolvesey Castle |
| Designated | 24 March 1950 |
| Reference no. | 1095511 |
  Location of Wolvesey Castle in Central Winchester | |
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History
Early history
The first building on the site, an eyot in the River Itchen known as Wulveseye or Wulf's island, was constructed around 970 by Æthelwold of Winchester, the Bishop of Winchester from 963 to 984, as his official residence or palace.
William Giffard
About 1110, the second Norman bishop, William Giffard, constructed a new hall to the south west.
Henry of Blois
Giffard's successor, Henry of Blois, brother of King Stephen added a second hall to the west between 1135 and 1138.[2]
Winchester came under siege during the Rout of Winchester in 1141 by the Empress Matilda during the period of civil war known as The Anarchy, and held out for three weeks until relieved by Stephen's wife, Matilda. Subsequently Henry, the brother of Stephen, King of England, enlarged and fortified the palace by building a curtain wall, giving the palace the appearance of a castle.[3]
Later history
In June 1216, Oliver fitz Regis defended the castle when it was besieged by Prince Louis of France during the First Barons' War.[4]
The palace was the location of the wedding breakfast in 1554 of Queen Mary and Philip II of Spain.[1][5] It was destroyed by the Roundheads during the English Civil War in 1646.[6] The ruins are located next to the existing bishop's palace, near to Winchester Cathedral,[1] and are currently owned and maintained by English Heritage.
Wolvesey Palace
A new palace in the baroque style was built to the south by Thomas Finch for George Morley in 1684. However, Brownlow North demolished all but the west wing of this palace in 1786. After a variety of different uses the remaining part was refurbished for use once again as the bishop's residence in 1926 by Theodore Woods.[7]
The chapel is the only considerable remnant of the south range of the medieval castle, and is still in use, being attached to the palace.[7]
The castle today
The extensive surviving ruins are currently owned and maintained by English Heritage.[1] The ruins have had Grade I listed status since 24 March 1950.[6][8] A fair amount of the curtain wall remains, but nearly all the inner arrangements are gone, though it is possible to make out the hall, in which there is a good round arch and one surviving Norman window.[9] The castle is near the city walls, parts of which still exist today.
See also
References
- "Wolvesey Castle (Old Bishop's Palace)". English Heritage. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- Biddle, Martin (25 October 1986). Wolvesey, The Old Bishops's Palace, Winchester. London: English Heritage. ISBN 1-85074-107-7.
- "HISTORY OF WOLVESEY CASTLE (OLD BISHOP'S PALACE)". English Heritage.
- Catherine Hanley, Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England (Yale University Press, 2016), p. 103.
- Lorimer Poultney, ed. (2000). Three Palaces of the Bishops of Winchester. English Heritage.
- Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1095511)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- "Wolvesey Palace". Historic England. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1095510)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- Charles W.C. Oman, Castles: An illustrated guide to 80 castles of England and Wales, Beekman House, 1978 Printing, ISBN 0-517-26196-0